1-2010版2-设计文档0-Abstract

8.64亿立方米每年废气脱硫项目 项目摘要Agricultural University of HeBeiPomp and Circumstance TeamAdvisor：李继文、刘祺凤、刘红蕾、纪晓婧、刘媛Members：赵雅琦、靳晓悦、杜学朴、李军豪、陈宇翔DonghuaShangu Chemical CupThe 11th National College StudentsChemical design CompetitionThe Annual Flue Gas Desulphurization Project of 864 Million Cubic MetresAbstractCatalog1. ProjectProfiles12. ProcessIntroduction33. ProductionProcess Control and Mechanization54. CleanerProduction64.1Introduction of cleaner production64.2Cleaner production analysis of the project74.3Cleaner production measures74.4Three wastes treatment in this project85. EnergySaving Technology and Innovation115.1 Analysis and optimization of heat exchange network115.2Thee effect evaporation technology116. EquipmentDesign and Selection137. Site Selection and Plant Layout147.1 Site overview147.2 General layout151. Project ProfilesThis project is a project of deep desulfurization of 1 million 200 thousand tons of heavy oil catalytic cracking flue gas from CNOOCs ZOJE Petrochemical Company, and it will be used for resource utilization. It is located in Huanghua port of Bohai New District, Cangzhou, Hebei. The purpose is to use Magnesium Oxide wet flue gas to remove sulfur dioxide, solid particles and other harmful components in flue gases from chemical plants. The product of industrial grade anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate is produced by evaporation and crystallization after desulfurization and the by-product magnesium carbonate is produced simultaneously. This project is economical and reasonable, clean and environmental protection, and has a very promising market prospect.Chinas sulfur dioxide emissions ranked first in the world has been more than 20 million tons for many years, the petrochemical industry sulfur dioxide emissions remain high, sulfur dioxide emissions in the two control area accounted for 60% of the total. Acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution are serious in China. Acid rain area has accounted for 30% of the total land area. Acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution cause economic losses of more than 100 billion RMB annually.FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) technology is the most widely used desulfurization method in the world. It is the main technical means to control acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution. In the construction of flue gas desulfurization project in recent 30 years, wet desulfurization process has been adopted in Beijing, Taiyuan, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Anshan power plants.Among them, Magnesium Oxide because of the wet flue gas desulfurization process miniaturization of the device, low construction cost, small occupied area, low operation cost, renewable recycling by-products, improve economic efficiency, and in our country is abundant in suitable for the manufacture of desulfurizer magnetite resources and other advantages, is considered to be a kind of potential technology. Therefore, Magnesium Oxide wet flue gas desulfurization process in our country has been more and more attention and application.Magnesium Oxide is a kind of wet flue gas desulfurization process using Magnesium Oxide as a desulfurization agent, after reaction of magnesium hydroxide slurry, water absorption of sulfur dioxide generated seven Magnesium Sulfate after wet desulfurization process of evaporation and crystallization formation of industrial grade anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate. After Magnesium Oxide after wet flue gas desulfurization, the main product of Magnesium Sulfate, a by-product of magnesium carbonate, the former can be used in the pharmaceutical industry and the printing and dyeing industry, gymnastics, weightlifting athletes put in the hands of slip with chalk, the latter is mainly used as transparent or light colored rubber filling agent and reinforcing agent, and can enhance the wear resistance of rubber the bending resistance and tensile strength. Can also be used as paint, graphite and coating additives, but also for toothpaste, medicine and cosmetics and other industries.This project conforms to the national energy-saving emission reduction requirements and the 13th Five-Year plan, the project is to solve the pollution of SO2 in recent years, to achieve the greatest degree of green chemistry and the establishment, at present, this project has great prospects, participate in the competition in the global economic backdrop, to achieve the enterprise benefit maximization and the long-term healthy development of enterprises.2. Process IntroductionThe process used in this design to produce magnesium hydroxide slurry, to absorb sulfur dioxide, to produce seven water, Magnesium Sulfate through evaporation crystallization, production of industrial anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate wet desulfurization process. Magnesium Oxide desulfurization process so far has accumulated rich experience, a large number of applications in foreign countries, the characteristics of this process are: device miniaturization, low construction cost, small occupied area, low operation cost, used for small power plant flue gas treatment. And in terms of desulfurization efficiency, to achieve the same desulfurization efficiency, the amount of water needed for desulfurization of magnesium (i.e. liquid gas ratio) is only equivalent to 1/3 to 1/5 of desulfurization by calcium method.This project is the use of Magnesium Oxide wet desulfurization process, involving sections for the flue gas desulfurization section, Magnesium Sulfate purification section and the basic magnesium carbonate production section of three main sections.The flue gas desulfurization section refers to the untreated flue gas which is removed from the chemical plant. It is washed and removed by dust, and is pushed into the desulfurization tower by pressurizing the blower.The purification section of Magnesium Sulfate refers to desulfurization by wet Magnesium Oxide. The main pollution source SO2 in flue gas reacts with magnesium hydroxide slurry in absorption tower to obtain intermediate product Magnesium Sulfate. The Magnesium Sulfate was transported to the oxidation tower and reacted with air to obtain high purity seven water Magnesium Sulfate.The production process of magnesium carbonate refers to the reaction of magnesium hydroxide slurry and excessive amount of carbon dioxide in flue gas by carbonization and pyrolysis, the formation of basic magnesium carbonate, the process does not produce additional exhaust gas, follow the principles of green chemistry, improve economic efficiency.3. Production Process Control and MechanizationThe device adopts distributed control system (DCS) to monitor and control the whole desulfurization process in the control room. Selected DCS system should be part of the whole plant management and control system, instrument measured various parameters, through on-site monitoring and control station connected to the bus, the real-time data can be connected to the Internet through the network interface data management factory. The important parameters are concentrated in the central control room, which is displayed and controlled by the DCS system.The important parameters are concentrated in the central control room, which is displayed and controlled by the DCS system. The secondary parameters can be used in local display and control because the setting point is not adjusted frequently.Units or equipment that must be operated and monitored on site shall be provided with instruments or operating panels, such as compressors, mainframes, pumps, etc. on the site near the unit or equipment.4. Cleaner Production4.1 Introduction of cleaner productionCleaner production is to continue to take to improve the design, use of clean energy and raw materials, improve the management of technology and equipment, advanced, comprehensive utilization and other measures to reduce pollution from the source, improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce or avoid the production of products and services used in the process of generation and emission of pollutants, in order to reduce or eliminate harm on human health and the environment. Cleaner production in essence, is to take the overall preventive environmental strategy on production process and products, they may reduce or eliminate the harm to human and environment, and fully meet the human needs, make a production model maximize social and economic benefits.Specific measures include continuous improvement of design, the use of clean energy and raw materials; the use of advanced process technology and equipment; improved management; comprehensive utilization; pollution reduction from the source; improved resource utilization efficiency; Reduce or avoid the production and discharge of pollutants during the production, service, and use of the product. Cleaner production is an important means to implement sustainable development.The definition of cleaner production includes two cleaning process control: the whole process of production and the whole process of product cycle.The production process of clean production, including saving raw materials and energy, the elimination of toxic and harmful materials, before and left in the production process of all emissions and waste, as far as possible to reduce emissions and their toxicity. For the product, cleaner production is designed to reduce the impact on human and environment from raw material extraction to final disposal of the product throughout the life cycle.The production method is clean and thinking before the difference: in the past, consider the impact on the environment, the focus on how to deal with pollutants, to reduce the harm to the environment, and cleaner production is required to eliminate the pollutants in it before.According to the requirements of sustainable economic development for resources and environment, cleaner production seeks to achieve two objectives:(1) Through the comprehensive utilization of resources, the substitution of scarce resources, the use of two energy sources, and energy saving, consumption reduction and water saving, the rational use of natural resources, slow down the depletion of resources.(2) Reducing waste and pollutant emissions, promoting the production and consumption of industrial products, integrating the process with the environment, and reducing the risks to human and the environment by industrial activities.4.2 Cleaner production analysis of the projectThe characteristics of technology of Mg desulfurization itself has a clean environment, this project adopts advanced technology, the production process produces very little waste and solid waste, waste water, solid waste and all adopt the feasible treatment method of treatment, treatment of wastewater and exhaust gas emission targets can be achieved after the national standard in this project, comply with the requirements of clean production.4.3 Cleaner production measuresFirst, a variety of energy-saving technologies, including the products three effect evaporation technology, and constantly improve energy efficiency. Second, a variety of materials recycling and comprehensive utilization technology, including waste water, solid waste treatment technology. Through the development and utilization of these technologies, the comprehensive utilization of natural resources and waste resources has been continuously improved, and the dual goals of purifying the environment and improving efficiency have been realized.This factory uses less wastes and non waste production technology and efficient production equipment, without toxic and harmful materials; reduce all kinds of risk factors in the production process and toxic intermediate product; use simple and reliable operation and control; The establishment of standards of good health (GMP), standard operating procedures (SSOP) and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP); material recycling organization; the establishment of a comprehensive quality management system (TQMS); the optimization of production organization; pollution control is necessary, to achieve clean and efficient production and use.4.4 Three wastes treatment in this projectThe absorption of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and the utilization of the waste gas can be realized by a small amount of energy consumption and waste liquid and solid waste. The utility model has the advantages of environmental protection and economic benefits.(1) Gas processing: this project aims at removing sulfur dioxide in flue gas, with gas as raw material, using magnesium hydroxide slurry as the spray liquid, can remove nearly all solid particles, 99% of sulfur dioxide, and a large number of other acidic gas. The exhaust gas is clean and conforms to the national standard. In the production of resource utilization, the exhaust gas can be discharged with zero emissions.(2) Wastewater treatment: three kinds of wastewater will be produced during the operation of the project, namely, the spraying liquid containing sulfate and sulfurous acid, the alkaline filtrate in the production section of magnesium carbonate, and the domestic wastewater. There is a small amount of solid particles in the spray liquid of washing and degusting, which is precipitated and separated by hydraulic cyclone clarifier and flocculent. The wastewater from the former two shows acidity and alkalinity respectively, mixing them in neutralization, regulating pH and discharging the wastewater to the standard. In addition, there are waste water, the composition is complex, difficult to handle, need to be sent to the sewage treatment plant centralized treatment.(3) Waste solid treatment: the sediment in the clarifier is filtered to form waste solids. These particles are inert inorganic substances which are insoluble in water and can be sent to landfill. Domestic waste is complicated and difficult to handle. It needs to be sent to the garbage dump for centralized treatment.List of waste treatment in productionnumberNames and sources of hazardous substancescontentTreatment processWhereaboutsEmission standard (mg/L)Emission concentration (t/h)Remarks1Spraying liquid containing sulfate and sulfurous acid root0.11%Two mixture of waste liquid, mixed with pHDirect emissionpH:6.58.50.350.42Alkaline filtrate of magnesium carbonate production sectionMagnesium carbonate 3.9%Magnesium hydroxide 9.6 * 10-2%3Domestic wastewater: organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants, pathogensCOD 400800mg/L Send it to the sewage treatment plantGBOD 100400mg/LNH3 50100mg/LSS 100400mg/L4Particulate matter in flue gas after washing and degusting65% (water content 35%) inorganic inert solid particlesLow yield, little harm, no need to controlLandfill disposal0.02775Domestic garbageGarbageSent to the garbage disposal station0.005 0.0065. Energy Saving Technology and Innovation5.1 Analysis and optimization of heat exchange networkThe design uses pinch point analysis and thermal integration energy saving technology, using the Aspen Energy Analyzer V9.0 software, through the software to achieve a larger energy reuse heat exchanger network design. Make the hot and cold logistics in the factory carry on the initiative heat exchange in the reasonable range, thus achieves the energy conservation goal. This improvement, compared with the heat exchanger network that does not incorporate heat transfer technology directly using utilities, has a energy recovery rate of 38.66%.Using Aspen Energy Analyzer analysis of thermal energy analyzer integrated network for the whole process, the results show that the process can be reasonably matched with energy, after the transformation of heat exchanger network, finally get the integration scheme as shown below. After the matching of hot and cold flow stocks, the utility consumption of the whole process is decreased obviously, and better energy saving effect is achieved. A heat exchanger network with greater energy reuse is finally obtained, as shown in the following figure:5.2 Thee effect evaporation technologyThe design uses horizontal feeding and three effect evaporator. Three effect evaporation reactor for short heating time, evaporation speed, concentration ratio, material can effectively maintain the raw materials, and the energy saving effect is remarkable, compared with single effect evaporator evaporation to save about 70% of evaporation, while the device is excellent service unique foam removing device, to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon of leakage.When the effect of multi evaporators are crystal precipitation, crystal effect and effect between deliveries would be difficult, the operation process of the advection, raw material input respectively the effect of liquid, respectively from each effect release, not in effect between the solution flows.6. Equipment Design and SelectionDuring the design of the project, the absorption tower, oxidation tower, heat exchanger and hydration reactor were designed. Selection of tanks, pumps, compressors and so on. Specific calculation and selection see typical equipment selection calculation manual.7. Site Selection and Plant Layout7.1 Site overviewThis project is built in Bohai New District of Cangzhou, Huanghua port and Huanghua port. It is the most growing deep-water integrated port in Bohai in recent years. It is located in the Gulf of Bohai dome, a unique geographical advantage, is the most convenient gateway to the central and western regions, since the Song Dynasty is the maritime Silk Road, North point. Especially in the hinterland of broad scope, covering vast areas of Hebei, Shanxi Shaanxi Mongolia and northwest of Lu Yu, it is the formation of the worlds shortest Eurasian Continental Bridge between Holland and Rot