《英语演讲技巧》PPT课件

,英语演讲技巧,。,Talkingtoorapidly;语速太快;Speakinginamonotone;声音单调；Usingtoohighavocalpitch;声音尖细；Usingunfamiliartechnicaljargon;使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；,Presentingwithoutenoughemotionorpassion;感情不充分；Disorganizedandramblingperformance;演讲无组织，散乱无序；Indirectcommunicationi.e.beatingaroundthebush；说话绕弯子，不切中主题；Usingabstractionswithoutgivingconcreteexamples;使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明,演讲切忌No,nosinpublicspeaking,Usingtoomanybigwords;夸张的词语使用得太多；Usingslangorprofanity;使用俚语或粗俗语；Talkingandnotsayingmuch;“谈”得太多，说得太少；Talkingdowntotheaudience;对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;,主啊!保佑我别犯错啊!,怎样与听众交流HowtocommunicatewiththeaudienceEmphasizeunderstanding;重视理解；Obtaintheirfeedback;获得反馈；Watchyouremotionaltone;注意声调要有感情；Persuadetheaudience;说服听众；Amessageworthcommunicating;要有值得交流的观点；,www.it-,如何穿着得体HowtodressDarkcoloredsuitsordresses；穿深色西装；Redtiesorscarves;空朴素的白衬衫或上衣；Blackshoes,freshlypolished;戴红色的领带或丝巾；Verylittlejewelry-worndiscreetly;穿刚刚擦亮的黑色鞋子；Calm,slowgesturesandslowmovements;尽量不戴首饰，要戴的话要非常小心；,怎样变得自信HowtogainconfidenceSmileandglanceattheaudience;微笑并看着观众；Startveryslowly,withyourshouldersbackandyourchinup;开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态Openyourspeechbysayingsomethingveryfrankly;开场白说一些真诚话；Wearyourverybestclothes;穿上自己最好的衣服；,我好怕啊!要上台啦!,Mail:trainingit-,www.it-,演讲的四个目标FourobjectivesofthespeechToofferinformation;提供信息；Toentertaintheaudience;使听众感到乐趣；Totouchemotions;动之以情；Tomovetoaction;使听众行动起来；,提前准备最重要!,怎样组织演讲HowtoorganizethespeechTohaveastructure:suchasfirst,second,third;geographically,north,south,east,west;compareandcontrasts;oursideversustheirside;negativeandpositive;要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；Tolabelthematerialssuchasjokes,funnyanecdotes,favoritesayings,interestingstatistics;将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据；,www.it-,怎样使用卡片HowtousecardsNumberyourcardsonthetopright;在卡片的右上角标上数字；Writeacompletesentenceonbothyourfirstandlastcard;在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；Writeuptofivekeywordsonothercards;其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；Usecolortomarkthewordsyouwanttoemphasize;用颜色来标记你想强调的词；Remindyourselfataparticularsporttocheckthetime.在某一处提醒自己查看时间。,如何对付忘词HowtocopewithbrownoutJustsmileandgotothenextcard.Nottheoneinfrontofyou,buttothenextfollowing.Lookatthefirstwordonit.Thiswillbethepointfromwhichyouwillnowcontinue.Ofcourseyoumissedpartofyourspeech.Butnobodywillnoticeit.Theywillblamethemselvesfornotfollowingyourthoughts.只需要微微一笑，继续下一张卡片上的内容，不是摆在你目前的那张卡片，而是下一张。看一下卡片上的第一个单词，这就是你要继续的要点。当然你会遗漏一部分内容，但是没有人会注意到这一点。听众只会责怪自己没有跟上你的思路。,如何开头HowtobeginTotellastory(aboutyourself);讲个（自己的）故事；Topaythelistenersacompliment；称赞一下听众；Toquote；引用名人名言；Touseunusualstatistics；使用一些不平常的数据；Toshowavideooraslide.播放录像带或看幻灯片。Toacknowledgetheoccasionofthegathering;对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢；,如何结尾HowtocloseTorepeatyouropening;重复你的开头；Tosummarizeyourpresentation;概括你的演讲；Toclosewithananecdote;以趣事结尾；Toendwithacalltoaction;以号召行动结尾；Toaskarhetoricalquestion;以反问结尾；Tomakeastatement;以一个陈述句结尾；,www.it-,眼神交流EyecontactMoveyoureyesslowlyfrompersontoperson,andpausetwoorthreesecondswitheachlistener;眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；Lookatpeoplestraightorlookatthebridgeoftheirnosesorchins;眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴Lookforthefriendlierfacesandsmileatthemonebyone,thenmoveontothemoreskepticalmembersandsmileatthemonebyonealso;找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；Imaginetheaudienceinbathrobesincaseyouarenervous.如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。,我练的眼睛痛啊!,英语演讲稿的基本组成部分,从大的方面看，英语演讲词实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文，其基本组成部分是：1)开始时对听众的称呼语最常用的是Ladiesandgentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用Fellowstudents,Distinguishedguests,Mr.Chairman,HonorableJudges(评委)等等。2)提出论题由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。-themostimportantpointtomakeis.-Myfirstpointis.-Anotheraspecttobearinmindis.-Itmustalsoberememberedthat.-Wemustntforgetthat.-Also,dontforgetthat/rememberthat-Nowforsomethingcompletelydifferent.-Thisbringsmeto.-Oh,andanotherthing.,3)论证对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，具体句型如下：“换句话说.”-Putinanotherway.-Letmeputthatanotherway.-Toputthatinanotherway.-Inotherwords.-Alternativelyyoucouldsaythat.-Anotherwayofsayingit.-Toputitmorebluntly/moreconcisely.-IfIcanrephrasethat.,澄清观点-Iwilltryandputthatmoreclearly/moresimply.-Justincasethatwasntclear,Iwillrephraseit-Dontmisunderstandme,whatImeanis.-Iwilljustrepeatthattomakeitclear.-Itsimportantnottoconfuse/tomakeadistinctionbetween/todistinguishbetween.-Thisisnottosaythat.“一般来说”-Broadly/generallyspeaking.-Withafewexceptions/withoutexception.-Ingeneral/Byandlarge/Onthewhole/Overall-Asaruleofthumb-Asageneralrule/Itsgenerallyacceptedthat.-Usually/often/frequentlyitisthecasethat.,谈论细节问题-Morespecifically.-Totakeonespecificaspectofthis.-Letsfocusononeaspectofthis.-Onepointbearscloserexamination.-Ifwecanconcentrateononeaspectofthisforamoment.-thereisonedetailthatisworthfocusingon.-Letsgointothisinmoredetail.-Uponcloserexamination/investigation.由总到分-Fromthatgeneralrule,wecannowlookataspecificexample-Timetostopgeneralizingandstartbeingprecise-Whatspecificpointscanbedrawnfromtheseconclusions?-Doyouwanttobepreciselywrongorapproximatelyright?,举例说明-Agoodexample(ofthis)is.-.forexample.-Forinstance.-Asanexample(ofthis).-Totakeanexample.-Toillustratethis.-Bywayofanexample.-Anillustrationofthisis.-Wecanillustratethisby.-Wecandemonstratethisby.-Thiscanbeseeninthefollowing(illustration).-TakeX,forexample.-Imagine.-Howdoesthisworkinpractice?,4)结论结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。-ThatsallIwanttosayaboutthispoint.-ThisconcludeswhatIwanttosayabout.-.whichconcludeswhatIwanttosayabout.-Thatwrapsupthatpoint.-Thatcoversthatarea-Soitcanbeseenthat.-Sowecanseethat.-SoIveshownthat.-Inconclusionthen,.-Toconcludethispointthen,.-theresnothinglefttosayonthispoint,Ithink,so.-Ithinkthatscoveredthatone,so.-That,then,was.,5)结尾结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似”准备不足，请谅解”，”请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thankyouverymuchforyourattention。,United,thereislittlewecannotdo;divided,thereislittlewecando(对照)团结，我们便将无所不能；分裂，我们则会一事无成。Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty(对照和渐进),4英语演讲稿的语言特征,1)多用实词，多用短句，少用结构复杂的长句在英语演讲中，and,but,so,then等虚词要尽量少用，that,which等词引导的定语从句也只会使句子结构变得复杂，而使听众难以跟上演讲者的思路，从而影响演讲的效果。相反，多使用实词，短句，可使得演讲内容更清晰，气势更磅礴.2)演讲要注意使用各种修辞手法，增加演讲的感染力和气势。英语演讲中常用的修辞手法有：渐进(climax)、对照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)f反问（rhetoricalquestion）等等，例如：Thatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth(排比)这个民有、民治、民享的国家将不会从地球上消失。,stress,emotion,clearvoice,high-pitchtone,slowspeed,根据听众对象，注意演讲的总体措词演讲的总体措词是严肃一些还是活泼一些，是有较明显的说教口气还是用平等的口吻，等等，都要根据听众对象而定。如果场下听众是同龄的学生，那么演讲的内容只要风趣一些往往就能引起共鸣。但另一方面，如果听众大多是上了年纪的教师，太多的笑料反而会被认为“不严肃”，“不尊重”，而引起反感。用英语演讲，不要用太多Ifeel,Ithink，老是用I，显得十分主观，狭隘。如果通篇全是Ifeel,Ithink的内容，会给人觉得缺乏说服力。另外，perhaps,maybe这样的词语，虽然有“客气，谦虚”的成分，但太多会让人觉得你演讲的内容有不可靠之处。还有，在演讲中，要少用you，多用we。用you等于把自己与听众对立起来，而用we则拉近了与听众的距离。比如：Youshouldnotsmoke听上去像教训人，而Letsnotsmoke听起来是一个不错的建议。,演讲要越短越好,英语演讲应该简洁扼要，直截了当。除非特别需要，一般不要采用中文中的那种迂回曲折的表达形式。据有关专家统计，一般人的注意力一次只能集中约13分钟。所以，演讲长度以1015分钟为宜。下面一个范文：,WinstonChurchill,Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Youaskmewhatisourpolicy?Icansayitistowagewarbysea,landandair,withallourmightandwithallourstrengththatGodcangiveus;towagewaragainstamonstroustyranny,neversurpassedinthedark,lamentablecatalogueofhumancrime.Youaskwhatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword:Itisvictory,victoryatallcosts,victoryinspiteofallterror,victoryhoweverlongandhardtheroadmaybe.,Sample:,InSeptember,2008，theAmericansubprimemortgagecrisiswhichlastedmorethanoneyeargraduallyextendedtothewholeeconomysystemtobeaneconomycrisisallovertheworld.ItscomingnotonlymakestheUntiedStatesfaceaseriesofeconomicproblem，butalsobringstheeconomicmarketaroundtheworldagreatshock:Asacountry，theIcelandhasappliedforthebankruptcy;Zimbabwesinflationhasbeenoutofcontrol;Ourneighbor，Korea，sinceitseconomicsystemgetsclosesttotheUnitedStates，itsuffersmuchmorethanotherAsiancountriesinthiseconomicstorm.,AsforChina,weareinfluencedalotinthisspecialyear.AlotoffactoriesinGuangdongandFujianprovincesufferedalot:thedifficultyinexporting,theworkerswerelaidoff，evenmadethefactorybreak;Agreatnumberofstudentsinuniversitiesalsofeelaboutthecrisis,sinceitshardforthemtofindajob.However，asoneofthenewlydevelopingcountriesinAsiancountries，Chinahasstrictforeignexchangecontrolandrelativelyindependentfinancialsystem，whichcanhelptoreducetheinfluencethatthecrisiswouldbring.AlthoughChinaisnotanutopiainthisstorm，butwedoworrylessthanthecountrieswereferredto.,Anyway，thenewroundofeconomiccrisishascome.China，thepowerfulTitanichastoconsiderthecrashthestormwouldbring.Weshouldseizetheopportunityandtryourbesttosolvetheproblem.Onlyinthiswaycanourjourneytodevelopeconomysafeandharmonious.Atlast，Idliketowishourcountrygoodluck.,Letsstandupfromwherewefalldown,Allthecelebrationswelcomingthenewcenturywereholdintheyear2000,becauselifewithoutagreetingisliketheskywithoutthesun.Greetingsareveryimportantforthewholeworld,inmyopinion.ButIdontknowwhethergreetingsareenoughforus.Especiallywhenwemeetwithfailures.IrememberquiteclearlythatwhenIwasachild,ifIfalldownandwasonthebrinkofcrying,myfatheralwaystoldme”Pleasestandupfromwhereyoufalldown!”,Yes,wemuststandupfromwherewefalldown.Thatwasaspecialmidnightin1993.Expectationsfilledourhearts.WestaredattheTV,hopingexcitedlyasthevoicewouldflytoourears.Butatlast,eachChinesewholovesourmotherlandwasdistressedtoknowtheresult:Beijing,losttoSydneybyamarginoftwovotesintheOlympichostingcompetition.Eightyearshavepast,butthefrustrationhasnothealedwithtimeatall.Now,atthebeginningofthenewmillennium,alloftheprideanddisappointmentofthe20thcenturyhadgonewiththewind.The21stcentury,whichisfullofhope,longingandthoughthascome.Someonesaid,wewouldstartfromzeroon.,ShouldIreallystartfromzeroon?No!Iholdthatweshouldgoonwithoureffortsandambitionsstayedbylastcentury,andmakeourlifebetter.“NewBeijing,greatOlympics!”ThevoicecriesthisoutaroundChinascapital,a3,000-year-oldcitythesedays.Beijing,alongwithParis,Istanbul,OsakaandToronto,hasbeenshortlistedbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteeasanofficialcandidatecityforthe2008Olym