人教选修8-Unit2-Cloning-Where-is-it-leading-us-课件.ppt

高二人教新课标版选修八,Unit2Cloning,Reading,Clone?,Naturalclone,Man-madeclone,Naturalcloneisonethatoccursfromthe“parent”inanaturalformofcloningwithouthumanhelp.,Man-madecloneisoneproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).,awayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.,Inpairs,lookatthefourpicturesanddiscuss:whichonesarenaturalcloneswhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.,Warmingup,Dollythesheep,man-madeclone,naturalclone,Astrawberryplant,Growingnewplant.,man-madeclone,Twins,naturalclone,Inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.,Pre-reading,1.Whatisaclone?,Acloneisananimaloraplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.,2.Howisacloneproduced？,Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading.,3.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning？,Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinonesqualityoflife(suchasParkinsonsdiseaseorAlzheimersdisease).Itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies.,4.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?,Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets.,Reading,Cloning:Whereisitleadingus?,Skimming,Themainideaofthetextis_A.animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld.B.animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbiddenC.animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasborn.D.animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture.,Skimming,A.Twomajorusesandtheprocedureofcloning.B.Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.C.TheeffectofDollythesheep.D.Itisforbiddentoclonehumanbeings.E.TheproblemofDollythesheep.,Para.1,Para.2,Para.3,Para.4,Para.5,_,_,(meaning),_,_,_,Trueorfalse:1.Cloningmeansmakingacopyofananimaloraplant.2.Gardenerscanmakealotofmoneybycloningplants.3.Cloninganimalsisascomplicatedascloningplants.,F,T,F,T,T,4.Dollythesheepwasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.5.Naturalcloneshappeninanimalsaswellasinplants.,1.Whatisthemaintopic?A.Cloning.B.Dollythesheep.C.Itwillleadustosomeplaces.2.Whatisthewritingstyle?A.Expositive(说明性的).B.Descriptive.C.Argumentative(议论性的).,A,A,Scanning,3.Dollythesheep_.A.lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg.B.wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus.C.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit.D.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep.,B,4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal_.A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneB.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginaloneC.usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloneD.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone,C,5.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning?A.Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.C.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.D.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.,D,6.Theword“controversial”inpara4probablymeans_.A.complicatedB.arguableC.importantD.necessary,7.WhichstatementisNOTtrue?A.Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.B.Twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg.C.Cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney.D.Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.,A,8.ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause_.A.itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB.thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD.manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed,B,9.ThelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepBbecause_.A.itprovidestheeggcellB.itgivesbirthtothelambC.itprovidesthenucleusD.itisafemalesheep10.Thesheepthatdonatedthesomaticcellmostprobablylived_years.A.3B.6C.9D.13,C,D,11.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat_.A.thenormaldevelopmentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies.B.Dollysseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld.C.Dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientists.D.therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning.,D,Ithappensbothin_andin_.Theycanbeclonedby_and_.,plants,animals,themselves,humans,Naturalclone,Man-madeclone,Para1:Thedefinitionofcloning,Carefulreading,1.Howmanymajorusesdocloninghave?Firstly,commercialSecondly,research2.Howmanyfemalesheepparticipateinthecloningofanewsheep?3.WhenwasthecloningofDollythesheepborn?,3,Para2:Themajorusesandproceduresofcloning,1996,normally,Dollylivedforsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalone.,Para3:TheproblemsofDolly,Theword“controversial”inPara4probablymeans_.A.complicatedB.arguableC.important,Para4:TheimpactofDolly,B,Trueorfalse:1.PeoplefearedthatClonedHitlerswoulddoharmtotheworld.2.Alltheresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden.3.Somecountrieswillusecloninginawiseway.,Para5:Peoplesreactiontocloning,Manygovernmentsforbaderesearchintohumanbeings.,T,T,F,1Readthepassageandanswerthesequestions.,Comprehending,1.Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?,Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Thesecondistoresearchonnewplantsspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.,2.Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?,Cloningplantsisstraightforward,butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.,3.Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal?Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?,4.Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?,ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDollythesheep.Shediedin2003attheageof6andahalf.,Cloningiscontroversialinsomecountriesformoralandreligiousreasons.,AnimalsmayDeveloptheillnessesofolderanimals.,Fillinthechart.,Medicalcloningcouldproducecuresforseriousillnessesinhumans.,Animalclonesmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals,Evilleadermaywanttoclonethemselves.,Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.,Cloningplantscanproduceplantsofsimilarqualityforsale.,Cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchonnewplantspecies.,Cloningcanhelpsaveendangeredanimals.,3Whatdoyouthinkisthewriterspointofviewinthisreadingpassage?Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?,Ithinkthewriterisbecause,impartial,he/shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning.,Practiceactivity:Debate,Areyouinfavorofcloningoragainstcloning?Whatisyourpointofviewonit?,Asacoinhastwosides,everythinghastwoaspects.First,ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayitcanbringmanyconveniencestous.Suchas:curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants.Ontheotherhand,ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles:suchasmoralquestions.,Thankyou!,Aneggcell,Thenucleus,Theeggcell,Asomaticcell,Thenucleusistakenoutofthesomaticcell,Thenucleus,Theyarejoined,Thecelldividesandgrowsintoanembryo,Thecarrier,Putinto,Thelambisthecloneof,FemalesheepA,FemalesheepB,SheepB,FemalesheepC,genes,ProcedureofCloningaSheep,1.Thishappensinplantswhengardenerstakewhentwinsidenticalinsexand1)“whengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones,whentwinsidenticalin是两个时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dontbeafraidofaskingforhelp_itisneeded.(03,全国)A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when,Languagepoints,D,2)happenvi.occurbychance;takeplace(偶然地)发生;出现happentodohappentosb.Ithappenedthathappeningn.事件;偶然发生的事(常用复数)辨析:happen,occur,takeplace与comeabout四词都有“发生”之意,但有区别。happen是一般用语,词义较广,强调事情发生的偶然性;occur用法较正式,既可以指自然发生,也可以指有意安排。,碰巧,(某人)发生什么事了,碰巧,1)Whendidtheexplosion_?2)Importantelections_thisfall.3)Theconcertwill_nextSunday.4)Howdidthequarrel_?,occur,takeplace,comeabout,happen,Usetheabovewordstofillintheblanks.,takeplace一般指有计划,按事先安排的进行的含义。comeabout往往注重事情发生的原因,常与how连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词,无被动语态。,2.straightforwardadj.简单的,易懂的，坦诚的,坦率的straightforwardlyadv.率直地,坦诚地straightforwardnessn.率直Jackisrough,butalwaysstraightforward.Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.Sheadmiredhisstraightforwardness.,3.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手做,从事,进行;担任,承担,答应,同意。Theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake,ofcourse.当然,这个过程很难实施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科学家从事这项实验。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。,完成下列句子。1)Thelawyer_anewcase.那个律师接了一个新的案子。2)Hewill_nextmonth(去旅行).3)He_.(承担一项新任务),undertook,undertookanewtask,undertakeajorney,4.payoff(事业、计划等)成功;付清薪水并解雇;偿还(债务等)。Atlastthedeterminationandpatienceofscientistspaidoff最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报Hepaidoffthecrewoftheship.他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。Intheendhepaidoffallhisdebts.最终他还清了所有的债务。payback报答;报复,用介词back,off,to,填空：1)-Youreffortissuretopay_.-Thankyouforyourencouragement.2)Thesupermarket_whichhehadeverpaidavisit,wasburnttotheground.3)HowcanIpayyou_forallyourkindness?4)Well,aftertheseyears,weveatlastpaid_allourdebts.,off,to,back,off,containv.包含,含有2)neededtoproduceanewsheep为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰其前面的名词genes,构成动宾搭配关系。,5.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的基因。,辨析:contain与includecontain“包含,含有”,侧重于包含的内容或成分,“里面装有”;include“包括”,侧重范围或整体。e.g.1)Whisky_alargepercentageofalcohol.2)Thebook_fortymaps,_threeofGreatBritain.,contains,contains,including,6.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出的卵细胞用电流使之结合。,1)usingelectricity为现在分词短语作方式状语。2)联手,携手参加活动和某人一起做事参军,连起来,joinhands,joininsth./doingsth,joinsb.insth.,joinup,takepartin指参加某项活动,并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用；join“加入”团体或组织；joinin指参加活动和游戏；joinsb.insth.和某人一起做某事；attend参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼),辨析:takepartin,join,joinin与attend,7.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。“thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally”是同位语从句。同位语从句可由when/where/how/why/that/whether等词引导。先行词多半是idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/question等。同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后,用以说明抽象名词的具体内容,有时为了保持句子的平衡,同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如:Soonwordcamethatwewon.,8.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中,副词then放于句首,主语是名词“news”,“thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill”是同位语从句,句子用了倒装语序。Inthedarkforests_,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(05,辽宁)A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylakesstand,B,disturbingadj.Thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing.来自前线的消息令人极为不安。disturbvt.扰乱,使不安,弄乱;disturbedadj.被扰乱的,动乱的,不安的；disturbingadj.令人不安的。特别提示:现在分词表示:令人怎么样过去分词表示:被使得怎么样,感到怎么样,如:aninterestingstory令人感兴趣的故事aninterestedlook感到兴趣的表情surprisedpeople(感到)惊奇的人们,用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。1)Imvery_aboutAlice.2)Dont_thepapersonmydesk.3)Thiscountryisina_state.4)What_newsitis!5)Alightwind_thesurfaceofthewater.,disturbed,disturb,disturbing,disturbing,disturbed,9.castdown使沮丧;毁掉(常用于被动语态或作表语)CloningScientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。不要这么沮丧,打起精神来！Dontbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits.castaway丢弃castoff放弃;丢弃castout赶走,1)听到这个消息他很沮丧。_2)发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。_,Hewascastdowntohearthenews.,Findingoutthetruthmadehimcastdown.,将下列句子译成英语。,10.altogether和alltogether及together1)altogetheradv.总共,完全地,总之,总而言之Youoweme68RMBaltogether.Yourworkisaltogetherperfect.2)alltogether全部在同一地方或同一时间Canyouputyourbooksalltogetherinthisbox?3)togetheradv.在一起,共同地Allhistroubleseemedtocometogether.Hesbad-tempered,selfishand_anunpopularman.A.thereforeB.altogetherC.otherwiseD.anyhow,B,11.objectv.forbidden)禁止,不许,妨碍,阻止Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing.政府开始感到不安,有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。Herfatherforbidhertogooutalone.她父亲不许她单独外出。Iforbidyouenteringmystudy.我不许你进入我的书房。,forbidsb.todo/forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事forbidsth.禁止某事与forbid结构相同的词有：permitsbtodo/permitdoingsth允许某人做某事/允许做某事；allowsb.todo/allowdoingsth允许某人做某事/允许做某事；advisesb.todo/advisedoingsth.建议某人做某事/建议做某事,1)Theschool_(禁止学生吸烟).2)Heisforbiddento_(进入这个房间).3)Therearelawsinsomecountrieswhichforbidadvertisements_atinappropriatetimesandplaces.A.beingshownB.shownC.showD.tohaveshown4)Attheconferencehewasforbidden_thesubjectagain.A.mentioningB.tomentionC.mentionD.mentioned,forbidsthestudentstosmoke,entertheroom,A,B,15.