Unit-5-Gender-Differences.ppt

,GenderDifferences,Unit5,Sexjobs(actress,waitress;actor,waiter;secretary,nurse;doctor,driver;etc.),video,Unit5GenderDifferences,busyonhousework,enjoyable,Women,Men,Unit5GenderDifferences,emotional,family-oriented,weakself-disciplined/weak-minded,paygreatattentiontotheirappearance,rational,social,strongself-disciplined/determined,lessconcernedwiththeirappearance,cooperative,competitive,Home,Businesstrip,Diet,Date,Talking,Watchingromanticmovie,Feminine,Masculine,timid,brave/daring,Seducing/attracting,adj.female-“女的”、“女性的”、“雌的”着重指性别而言child，friend，companion，heir，ruler，servant，ward，voice，figure，suffrage，education，animal，plant，etc.opposite-maleE.g.Yesterdaywereceivedalotofguests，maleandfemale，inVictoriaPeakGardenfeminine-“有女性气质的”nature，sympathy，weakness，virtue，frivolity，curiosity，voice，pursuits，hobbies，clothes等opposite-masculineE.g.a)Shehasgotallthefemininevirtuesb)Thisgentlemanhasgotafemininevoice,femalecharacteristic;feature;trait(review),1)Indeed,heisaverykindmanatheart.Whatyouknowabouthimisnothisreal.,2)Reactiontostrongstimulifromtheoutsideworldisaoffallanimals.,3)Enthusiasmandhonestyarethechiefofhischaracter.,4)Ihaventseenhimforages,butIcanrecallherverydistinctly.,character,characteristic,traits,features,Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.1,Questions,Whatarethepurposeofmasculinityandfemininity?,Para.1,Peopleusefemininityormasculinitytoclaimandcommunicatetheirmembershipintheirassigned,orchosen,sexorgender.Othersrecognizeoursexorgendermoreonthebasisofthesecharacteristicsthanonthebasisofsexcharacteristics,whichareusuallylargelycoveredbyclothingindailylife.(Para.1),(supplementaryexplanation),Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.1,Weareborninto,orchoosetobelongtothesetwocategoriesoffemininityandmasculinity.Weusethesedistinctivetraitstoshowoursexualidentity.Ontheotherhand,othersobserveuswiththetraitsofthesetwocategoriesratherthanwithourbiologicalsexualfeatureswhichareusuallycoveredbyclothing.,人们以女性气质和男性气概来表达他们被指定的、或选择的性别。其他人更多是根据这些气质，而不是基于我们的生理特征，来识别我们的性别；后者在日常生活中通常很大程度上为服饰所掩盖。,Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.1,seeas/labelas/portrayas/describeas/regardas/lookonas/consideras/viewas/=Knowas(passive)/identifyassth.becharacterizedbycharacterizeas,Unit5GenderDifferences,以为特征,把描绘成,把认为，看作，称作,E.g.1)Sheislookedonastheleadingauthorityonthesubject.2)Thefatherisportrayedasacowardinthisplay.3)Theworkerwaslabeledasarevolutionary.,Para.2,WhatsthedifferencebetweenEgoismandIndividualism?Egoism:extremeselfishness;thatis,thetotaldisregardfortheconsequencesofpersonalactionsonothers.Italsodenotestheindividualsrefusaltoactinthebestinterestofhiscommunity,evenwhensuchcooperationwillinthelong-termbetohisownbenefit.=selfishnessOrigin:Greeceego(自我)+-ism=egoismEnglish-Self+-fishness=selfishness,Egoismpeoplewithmasculinecharacteristicstendtobedominantandaggressive,whereasthefeminineonestendtobepassiveandsubmissive.,Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.2,男人气概通常表现在统治欲和侵略性方面，而女性气质则是以被动和顺从为特点；这两组属性通常被视为相互对应。,province,singareaoflearning,activityorresponsibility（学问活动或责任的）范围:E.g.1)Thematterisoutsidemyprovince.那不是我分内之事.2)Medievalpaintingisnothisprovince.中世纪的绘画不属於他的研究范围.,Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.3,GENDERROLEiftheysucceedadequately,orevenwell,attheirendeavors,theymayberewardedwithridiculeorscornforblurringthegenderdividingline.(Para.4),Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.4,Activitiesalsohavegenderidentity;somejobsaresetforman,whilesomeareforwoman,forexample,cookingathomemaybeseenaswomensjob.Awomanwouldbeexpectedtobeincapableofamansjob.However,ifshecarriesoutataskthatisintendedforamansuccessfully,shemaynotbepositivelyrecognized.Instead,shemaybeconsideredstrange,orevenbeblamedfordoingajobthatisnotforher.,从事被认为是适合另一性别的活动的人会理所当然的被认为会做的很差；如果他们勉强成功/足够成功，或者尽力做得很好，得到的回报可能是因模糊性别分界线而受到奚落和嘲笑。,ReviewQuestions,Socialdefinitionusedtoidentifypersonsbygender:femininitytheresultof;comesfrom(suchabilitiesarepasseddown),Whatdoestheideologypostulate?,Theideology,whichtheschemagrowsoutof,postulatesthattheculturalsuperiorityofmalesisanaturaloutgrowthoftheinnatepredispositionofmalestowardaggressionanddominance,whichisassumedtoflowinevitablyfromevolutionaryandbiologicalsources.(Para.5),Unit5GenderDifferences,Para.5,该模式所依据的思想意识认为男性的文化优越性是男性与生俱来的侵略性和统治欲的自然产物，是生物进化过程不可避免的结果。,Whatdoestheideologypostulate?,status,predisposition,dominant/leading,subordinate,CulturalSuperiority,Aggression,Dominance,Whatarethoughttobetothefemale?,FemaleAttributes/characteristics,Childbirth,Breastfeeding,Careofchildren,Dependencyonmale,Biology:PatriarchalGenderSchema,PartIII.(Para.5-7),Unit5GenderDifferences,Intrinsic,facility,U.Singular.natureabilitytolearnordosomethingeasily,Forthemselves?Fortheirparents?Forwhom?,Oppsitesex,Whydogirlslikedressingbeautifultobeattractive?,heterosexuallyorientation,Whydogirlslikebehavingcuteorlovely?,Whydogirlslikespeakingsoft?,Warmandcontinuedrelationswithmen,Aninterestinmaternity,wife,mother,strong;Independent;effectual,DressMovementSpeechAction,WeaknessDependencyIneffectualness,HeterosexuallyOrientedProscriptionandPrescription,communicate,opposite,Femininityisonlytheneedofactingasasocialrole,isbestsuitedtosatisfyingamasculinevisionofheterosexualattractiveness.,characteristics,Unit5GenderDifferences,PartIV.(Para.8-11),Waysofcommunicatinggendercharacteristics,Minimize,Maximize,Pointtheirtoesinward,torsosandheadslessvertical,Erect,Frequentappeasementgestures,Sternorserious,“Nothreat”,Egoisticdominance,Unit5GenderDifferences,Inwhatfielddowomentendtoexcelovermen?,Theabilitytocorrectlyinterpret,andeffectivelydisplay,nonverbalcommunicationc