语言学 填空题

填空题Chapter11. function is realized by mood and modality. 【答案】Interpersonal2. Halliday proposes a theory of metalingual functions of language, that is, language has , interpersonal and textual functions. 【答案】ideational3. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called p . 【答案】performative1. studies meaning in language, is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics. 【答案】semantics；syntax；morphology2. In linguistics, refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentences. 【答案】Syntax3. studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, and studies the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. 【答案】phonetics; phonology1. is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language; , on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics. 【答案】psycholinguistics ; sociolinguistics2. Computational linguistics can be seen as a branch of applied linguistics, dealing with computer of human language. 【答案】processing1. grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described. 【答案】 descriptive； prescriptive2. In linguistics, languages are studied at a theoretical point in time: one describes a state of the language, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place. 【答案】synchronicChapter21. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and of articulation.【答案】manner2. are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. 【答案】consonantsChapter31. There are two fields of morphology: the study of and the study of . 【答案】inflectional；lexical/derivational2. A morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. 【答案】bound3. is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. 【答案】Morphophonology1. is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from and . 【答案】blending；smoke；fog2. The principle of Creation can account for the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs. 【答案】Analogical3. Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an affix from a longer form already in the language. 【答案】imaginedChapter41._ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses. 【答案】CohesionChapter51. According to G Leech, meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content 【答案】connotative2. According to G. Leech, meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speakerwriter. 【答案】affective1.“X buys something from Y” and “Y sells something to X” are in a relation of . 【答案】converse antonymy2. Terms like “desk” and “stool” are of the term “furniture”. 【答案】(co-)hyponyms3.“Tulip”, “rose” and “violet” are all included in the notion of “flower”. Therefore, they are superordinates of “flower” 【答案】FChapter91. “The world is like a stage” is an example of , and “All the world is a stage” is an example of . They are often used in analyzing features of literary language. nnn【答案】simile；metaphor1. At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accepted as ways of stru