在职研究生英语复习考试2017同等学力申硕 短文完成专题ppt课件

同等学力申硕英语短文完成,LOGO,1,概说,短文完成是同等学力申请硕士学位英语水平考试考试大纲第六版中新增加的题型。短文完成是词汇、完形填空和阅读理解三种题型的综合，该部分重点考察考生的词汇、句法和阅读能力之外，还考察考生把握文章结构，掌握作者思路的能力。,2,句法基础,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,3,英语五种基本句型列式如下：,基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主谓表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,4,练习,1.LucyandMary/getupearlyeverymorning.2.Everything/looks/different.3.He/play/computergames.4.She/cooked/herhusband/adeliciousmeal.5.They/painted/thedoor/green.,5,从简单句到复杂句,1、Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。2、Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.3、Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.4、WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyawriterfromthePeoplesDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.,6,解题技巧应用,A.Whetherwelikeit(56)_B.haveto(57)_acceptC.thatexists(58)_planetEarthThefilmshowshowwonderfullygentleandcaringelephantsare,andjusthowintelligentand“human”theyareaswell.People(59)_thatwehumansare,infact,animals.(60)_,wearestillpartofthewhole.Everyspecies(61)_hasaroletoplay.Theroleofhumanshas,onthewhole,beendestructive.Humansneedtohavemorerespectfornature.,7,解题技巧应用,A.Whetherwelikeit(56)_C_B.haveto(57)_A_acceptC.thatexists(58)_B_planetEarthThefilmshowshowwonderfullygentleandcaringelephantsare,andjusthowintelligentand“human”theyareaswell.People(59)_B_thatwehumansare,infact,animals.(60)_A_,wearestillpartofthewhole.Everyspecies(61)_C_hasaroletoplay.Theroleofhumanshas,onthewhole,beendestructive.Humansneedtohavemorerespectfornature.,8,A:watchB:informationC:with,A.associate(62)_a22-minutereductionintheirlifeexpectancyB.livedanaverage4.8yearslessthanthosewhodidnt(63)_anytelevisionC.whentheycollectedTVviewing(64)_Sittinginfrontofthetelevisionmayberelaxing,butspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofthetubemaytakeyearsoffyourlife.ThatswhatAustralianresearchersfound(65)_frommorethan11,000peopleolderthan25years.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaveragesixhoursofTVaday(66)_.Also,everyhourofTVthatparticipantswatchedafterage25was(67)_.ThemoreTVyouwatch,thelessphysicallyactiveyouare.Andthelessexerciseyouget,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiseasessuchasdiabetesorheartproblems.,9,A:watchB:informationC:with,A.associate(62)_C_a22-minutereductionintheirlifeexpectancyB.livedanaverage4.8yearslessthanthosewhodidnt(63)_A_anytelevisionC.whentheycollectedTVviewing(64)_B_Sittinginfrontofthetelevisionmayberelaxing,butspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofthetubemaytakeyearsoffyourlife.ThatswhatAustralianresearchersfound(65)_C_frommorethan11,000peopleolderthan25years.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaveragesixhoursofTVaday(66)_B_.Also,everyhourofTVthatparticipantswatchedafterage25was(67)_A_.ThemoreTVyouwatch,thelessphysicallyactiveyouare.Andthelessexerciseyouget,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiseasessuchasdiabetesorheartproblems.,10,A：hardeconomictimesB：carbonaccountingC:qualifiedworkersD:largeandactivestudentsclubs,11,A：hardeconomictimesB：carbonaccountingC:qualifiedworkersD:largeandactivestudentsclubs,12,A:pitchinB:agendaC:recycled,A.agreaterdemandforthe(56)_materialsB.seemstobeonthe(57)_C.feelsmovedto(58)_andhelpWehearitalotinthenewsthesedays:“Recyclednewspapersandsaveatree.Collectbottlesandcanssotheycanbereusedinthemanufacturingofnewproducts.”Protectingourdelicateenvironment(59)_ofpoliticians,governmentleaders,andcitizensinmanypartsoftheworldtoshowsupportformothernature.Theconceptofgreenconsumerismhasgainedmomentummoreandmoreoverthelastdecade,andthepublic(60)_.However,threeessentialkeysneededtopowerthismovementincludeamoreinformedpublic,thedevelopmentofimprovedtechnology,and(61)_.,13,A:pitchinB:agendaC:recycled,A.agreaterdemandforthe(56)_C_materialsB.seemstobeonthe(57)_B_C.feelsmovedto(58)_A_andhelpWehearitalotinthenewsthesedays:“Recyclednewspaperssaveatree.Collectbottlesandcanssotheycanbereusedinthemanufacturingofnewproducts.”Protectingourdelicateenvironment(59)_B_ofpoliticians,governmentleaders,andcitizensinmanypartsoftheworldtoshowsupportformothernature.Theconceptofgreenconsumerismhasgainedmomentummoreandmoreoverthelastdecade,andthepublic(60)_C_.However,threeessentialkeysneededtopowerthismovementincludeamoreinformedpublic,thedevelopmentofimprovedtechnology,and(61)_A_.,14,解题技巧总结,短文完成中文章长度约为90160个字，均为说明文体，内容涉及文化、社会、科技，篇幅短小，结构严谨，通常在文章的第一句话揭示文章的主题，此后内容层层推进，层次清楚。解题过程分两步走，首先挑选单词或者短语补全语言段，然后挑选语言段补全短文。一、补全语言段：统一词性，统一时态，统一形式，考生所做的主要是辨析词义和搭配。补全语言段所提供的备选答案往往词性各不相同，短语则是名词短语、动词短语、介词短语等都会涉及，考生解题时要判断词性或者短语的性质。,15,解题技巧总结,例如：1）associated_a22-minutereductionintheirlifeexpectancy,此处涉及到一个固定搭配associatewith,且备选答案中只有with这个介词。2）Livedanaverage4.8yearslessthanthosewhodidnt_anytelevision,此处缺少一个谓语，备选答案中只有一个动词watch可以作谓语。,16,解题技巧总结,2.少数情况下，备选答案中有词性相同或者同为一种类型的短语的情形，这时可以用分别代入语言段判断语言段的含义是否符合逻辑。例如：wecanderivestrengthandpositivity_thatcomeourway,此处从句法上看适合填入一个介词短语，备选答案为介词短语的有两个：inspiteofthechallenges和witheachinspiringpage，代入后发现witheachinspiringpage在意思上不太符合逻辑，而inspiteofthechallenges正好把意思补充完整。,17,解题技巧总结,（二、补全短文）在准确完成第一个步骤之后，接下来考生要做的就是把三个或者四个语言片段放入短文当中，使之符合逻辑，结构完整这个部分考题的解题思路是：先读短文，了解短文大意，然后重点阅读含有空白的句子，分析空白处在句子中担任的成分，以及该成分对应的语言形式，从备选答案中选择符合条件的选项，可以先确定自己比较有把握的句子，然后采用排除法确定其他的答案，最后把短文从头到尾完整的阅读一遍，检查是否符合逻辑。我们在阅读含有空白的句子的时候，首先观察它是否具有主语、谓语和宾语三个主要部分，然后是各种状语（时间状语，目的状语，原因状语，让步状语，条件状语等），定语或者宾语补足语。如果句子是复合句，则根据连词来判断主句和从句。,18,解题技巧总结,（二、补全短文）1.给出的空白前后都有句号，说明空白处应该是一个完整的句子。2.句子只有主语，缺少谓语和宾语等其他成分。我们只需要在选项中选择含有做谓语的动词的句子：例如：ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaveragesixhoursofTVaday_.3.空白处前面有一个连词，其余部分是一个完整的句子。例如：Streetarthasbecomeaglobalcultureandevenartmuseumsand_.（galleriesarecollectingtheworkofstreetart.）4.一个完整的句子加上一个空白。1）_,wearestillpartofthewhole.关键：状语或者从句,19,逻辑检查,值得一提的是，不管我们采用何种技巧来答题，在短文完成之后我们都应该完整的阅读一遍，一是检查所填部分有没有不符合语法和句法规则的地方，而是检查所填部分在内容上有没有不合逻辑，违背文章大意脉络走向的地方。,20,短文完成专项训练,（一）A:evidentlyB:attimesofB:likeA.look(1)_afoolB.(2)_toasignificantdegreeC.thewayitwould(3)_physicaldangerWhyisstagefrightsouniversalwhenitdoesnotposeaphysicalthreat?Ourself-confidenceandself-esteemarethreatened,(4)_.Nonormalpersonwantsto(5)_.Consequently,aspeakingsituationdoesinvolvethreat,notphysicalbutpsychological.Thebraininstructsthebodytoreactexactly(6)_.Inessence,thebraintellsthebody,Getreadytofightoffthedangerortorunawayfromit.,21,短文完成专项训练,（一）A:evidentlyB:attimesofC:likeA.look(1)_B_afoolB.(2)_A_toasignificantdegreeC.thewayitwould(3)_C_physicaldangerWhyisstagefrightsouniversalwhenitdoesnotposeaphysicalthreat?Ourself-confidenceandself-esteemarethreatened,(4)_A_.Nonormalpersonwantsto(5)_A_.Consequently,aspeakingsituationdoesinvolvethreat,notphysicalbutpsychological.Thebraininstructsthebodytoreactexactly(6)_C_.Inessence,thebraintellsthebody,Getreadytofightoffthedangerortorunawayfromit.,22,短文完成专项训练,（二）A:farB:sellingC:largelyA.itis(7)_toosoonB.soreportsofsalesare(8)_inaccurateC.(9)_everythingfromcomputergeartoincometaxpreparationserviceTheInternetoffers,amongotherthings,anelectronicmallwithscoresofretailers,(10)_.AswithanythingontheInternet,itishighlydecentralized,withnooneauthoritykeepingtrackoftransactions,(11)_.Butmanyofthereportsarediscouraging.But(12)_tosoundthedeathknell(丧钟)forelectronicretailing.Onereason,sayanalystsandserviceproviders,isthatconsumersareonlybeginningtounderstandthepossibilitiesofthenewtechnology.,23,短文完成专项训练,（二）A:farB:sellingC:largelyA.itis(7)_A_toosoonB.soreportsofsalesare(8)_C_inaccurateC.(9)_B_everythingfromcomputergeartoincometaxpreparationserviceTheInternetoffers,amongotherthings,anelectronicmallwithscoresofretailers,(10)_C_.AswithanythingontheInternet,itishighlydecentralized,withnooneauthoritykeepingtrackoftransactions,(11)_B_.Butmanyofthereportsarediscouraging.But(12)_A_tosoundthedeathknell(丧钟)forelectronicretailing.Onereason,sayanalystsandserviceproviders,isthatconsumersareonlybeginningtounderstandthepossibilitiesofthenewtechnology.,24,短文完成专项训练,（三）A:asfastasB:outscoringthemC:lessandlessD:concentrateonA.hestumbles(13)_B.whowerereadingalmostthreetimes(14)_theotherchildrenC.still(15)_onaccuracy,comprehensionandvocabularyD.sohecan(16)_themeaningofthetextAchildlearnstoreadbysoundingoutthelettersanddecodingthewords.Withpractice,(17)_,readingbythephrase.Withautomaticity,hedoesnothavetothinkaboutdecodingthewords,(18)_.Itcanbeginasearlyasfirstgrade.InarecentstudyofchildreninIllinoisschools,AlanRossmanofNorthwestUniversityfoundautomaticreadersinthefirstgrade(19)_andscoringtwiceashighoncomprehensiontests.Atfifthgrade,theautomaticreaderswerereadingtwiceasfastastheothers,and(20)_.,25,短文完成专项训练,（三）A:asfastasB:outscoringthemC:lessandlessD:concentrateonA.hestumbles(13)_C_B.whowerereadingalmostthreetimes(14)_A_theotherchildrenC.still(15)_B_onaccuracy,comprehensionandvocabularyD.sohecan(16)_D_themeaningofthetextAchildlearnstoreadbysoundingoutthelettersanddecodingthewords.Withpractice,(17)_A_,readingbythephrase.Withautomaticity,hedoesnothavetothinkaboutdecodingthewords,(18)_D_.Itcanbeginasearlyasfirstgrade.InarecentstudyofchildreninIllinoisschools,AlanRossmanofNorthwestUniversityfoundautomaticreadersinthefirstgrade(19)_B_andscoringtwiceashighoncomprehensiontests.Atfifthgrade,theautomaticreaderswerereadingtwiceasfastastheothers,and(20)_C_.,26,短文完成专项训练,（四）A:toB:scopeC:withA.alargepopulationgivesmore(1)_forB.(2)_feedalargepopulationC.couldbeobtained(3)_asmallpopulationTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.(4)_,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethan(5)_.Othereconomistshavearguedthat(6)_specializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem.,27,短文完成专项训练,（四）A:ToB:scopeC:withA.alargepopulationgivesmore(1)_B_forB.(2)_A_feedalargepopulationC.couldbeobtained(3)_C_asmallpopulationTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.(4)_B_,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethan(5)_C_.Othereconomistshavearguedthat(6)_A_specializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem.,28,短文完成专项训练,（五）A:likelyB:conclusiveC:susceptibleA.isnot(7)_B_aboutB.alsowere(8)_C_toalcoholismC.wasmore(9)_A_totakeupThisevidenceinitself(10)_A_anything.Afterall,itmaybetheconstantexposureandeasyaccesstoalcoholthatcausethechildrenofalcoholicstobecomealcoholicsthemselves.Butthereismoreevidence.Thestudyfoundthatchildrenbornofalcoholicparentsbutraisedbynon-drinkingfosterparents(11)_B_.Thisgroupofoffspring(12)_C_drinkingthanyoungsterswhowerebornofandraisedbynon-drinkingparents.,29,短文完成专项训练,(六)A:overB:onlyC:completelyA.wanting(7)_tosleepB.cleanedoutallherclosets(8)_C.becomingso(9)_energizedSomepeopleseemtolosealltheirenergyanddrive,(10)_.Othersreactinexactlytheoppositeway,(11)_thattheycantfindenoughactivitytoburnofftheirexcessenergy.Forinstance,onewomansaidshe(12)_andwasreadytogonextdoortostartonherneighbors.Boththeseextremes,however,eventuallyleveloff.Thesymptomsmaybeintensefortwoorthreedays,butwithin10to14daysafterquitting,mostsubside.Thetruthisthatafterpeoplequitsmoking,theyhavemoreenergy;theygenerallywillneedlesssleep,andfeelbetteraboutthemselves.,30,短文完成专项训练,(六)A:overB:onlyC:completelyA.wanting(7)_B_tosleepB.cleanedoutallherclosets(8)_C_C.becomingso(9)_A_energizedSomepeopleseemtolosealltheirenergyanddrive,(10)_A_.Othersreactinexactlytheoppositeway,(11)_C_thattheycantfindenoughactivitytoburnofftheirexcessenergy.Forinstance,onewomansaidshe(12)_B_andwasreadytogonextdoortostartonherneighbors.Boththeseextremes,however,eventuallyleveloff.Thesymptomsmaybeintensefortwoorthreedays,butwithin10to14daysafterquitting,mostsubside.Thetruthisthatafterpeoplequitsmoking,theyhavemoreenergy;theygenerallywillneedlesssleep,andfeelbetteraboutthemselves.,31,短文完成专项训练,(七)A:infamilysheltersB:onaregularbasisC:castoffD:lessthanA.whohavebeen(13)_theirhomesB.athirdofwhomdonotattendschool(14)_C.that(15)_halfofthemattendschoolregularlyD.becausetheydonotstay(16)_ThenumberofhomelessAmericansrangesfrom350,000tothreemillion.Likewise,estimatesof