定语从句详解ppt课件

Welcome,1,2,3,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词,引导词：,引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成分(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,4,5,HeisthefirstChinesewhowenttothespace.,杨利伟,费俊龙,6,Weareallproudofthemanwhowasafamousbasketballplayer.,姚明,郭敬明,7,Theactor/actresswhohasbigeyesisverypopular.,杨幂,小沈阳,8,HeisthefirstChinesewhowenttothespace.Weareallproudofthemanwhowasafamousbasketballplayer.Theactor/actresswhohasbigeyesisverypopular.,9,1.HeisthefirstChinesewhowenttothespace.,10,Weareallproudofthemanwhowasafamousbasketballplayer.,11,Theactor/actresswhohasbigeyesisverypopular.,12,13,thehandsomethetallthestrongtheclever,boy,TheboyisXiaoMing.Theboyishandsome.,TheboywhoishandsomeisXiaoMing.,TheboywhoistallisXiaoMing.,TheboywhoisstrongisXiaoMing,TheboywhoiscleverisXiaoMing,14,TheboyisXiaoMing.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisXiaoMing.Theboyhasaroundface.,Theboy,TheboywhohasaroundfaceisXiaoMing.,TheboyisXiaoMing.Theboysitsinfrontofme.,TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisXiaoMing.,whoissmiling(主语),isXiaoMing.,15,Thewomangotthejob.ThewomancanspeakRussian.,ThewomanwhocanspeakRussiangotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacherisfamous.,Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.,16,Ex:Heistheteacher.TheteachercanspeakFrench.,HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.,Doyouknowtheman?Themancametovisityoutoday.,Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?,17,18,19,Themaniskind.Everyonelikestheman.,Theman,Thewomanisbeautiful.Wesawthewomanonthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetisbeautiful.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,(whom)everyonelikes(宾语),iskind.,20,Theladysteppedonhisfoot.Hewasdancingwiththelady.,Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.,Doyouknowtheman?Youwillvisithimtoday.,Doyouknowtheman(whom)youwillvisittoday?,21,22,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,23,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.,Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebook（which）youtalkedaboutlastnight.,（主语）,（宾语）,24,25,CouldyoutellmesomethingaboutZhengHe?-Sure.HewasaMingDynastyexplorer_theChinesepeopleareproudof?A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.whereIhearthatLilysbrotherisaworkerhere.-Look,theman_isworkingoverthereisherbrother.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which,C,A,26,Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikethemovies_areaboutChinesehistory.A.whoB.whomC.whoseDwhichIvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudents_ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whomB.whereC.whenD.whichWhatareyoulookingfor?-Imlookingforthering_myhusbandboughtmelastyear.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.it,D,A,A,27,Imlookingatthephoto_yousentmewithyourletter.AwhoBwhomCwhichDitWhoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?-Thewoman_iswearingaredskirt.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichJimdislikespeople_talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who,B,D,C,28,that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,29,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,30,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,31,(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidntknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisntthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?,32,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten,A,B,B,B,C,A,33,7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements_youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks_wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose,B,A,B,B,C,34,12.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.13.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.14.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.15.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.16.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.17.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?18.Myhometownisnotthesameone_itusedtobetwentyyearsago.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,35,who,that（先行词为人）区别,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。,HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise,2.只能用which的情况:,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,36,Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.,Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents,Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.,ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.,37,1Theriver_arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothere,D,A,D,B,C,38,As也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,39,40,MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.,MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.,41,.,Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.,Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenisbeingrepaired.,Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.,Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing,42,6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_windowsfacesouth?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose,C,D,A,D,43,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague,onwhich,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,44,why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.,1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,45,“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.,onwhich,duringwhich,inwhich,bywhich,46,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,47,Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,Theboyisinthelab.Youwanttotalktohim,Theboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.,Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,48,Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.,Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.,ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.,Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow,Doyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?,DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,49,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词+whomwhich,Thewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy,2.介词短语+whichwhom,Thefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.,3.不定代词或数词+whichwhom,Therearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.,4.名词+ofwhich,Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,50,partofwhom/which,Thereare23studentsinourclass,A:_(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）arefromBeijing,allofwhom,mostofwhom,someofwhom,noneofwhom,Thereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:_(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）arefromBeijing,allofthem,mostofthem,someofthem,noneofthem,51,Everystudenthasmanybooks,A:_（大多数）aretextbooks.B:_（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:_（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:_（没有一本）arenovels.E:_（有几本）areEnglishbooks.,mostofwhich,someofwhich,therestofwhich,noneofwhich,severalofwhich,52,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe：building_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that,C,A,B,B,C,做做试试,53,6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich,D,C,D,B,A,54,11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosure,C,D,at,of,in,of,55,17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.,at,for,in,through,with,of,56,1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest_isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,_treatedherwell,_madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_20aregirls;therestareboys.,which,Towhom,ofwhich,noneofwhich,which,ofwhom,57,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,58,1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。,59,60,*As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidntcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.,61,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as5.Itwasraining,_wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which6._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As7.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like8.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,A,C,D,D,D,D,B,D,62,定语从句和其它句型的转换,从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,1.定语从句和非谓语动词：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,1.定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.-TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.-Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.,(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.-Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.,broadcast,waiting,63,2.定语从句和并列句是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses3.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)finallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,_a15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.ends,which,whom,C,64,AwhomBthemCtheyDwho1）MrSmithhasthreesons，noneofisacomputerexpert2Hehasthreesisters，aredoctors3）ShehasthreeCDs，butnoneofisinteresting4）Ihavemanyfriends，andallofareniceandfriendly5）MissYanghassomerelativeshere；likeherverymuch6)Hehastwosons,neitheroflookslikehim.7)Hehastwosons,andneitheroflookslikehim.8)Hehastwosons.Bothof_looklikehim.,A,D,B,B,C,A,B,B,65,（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,3.定语从句和状语从句（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.(=where)Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.,(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.,that,as,where,where,66,1Youmaystay_youlike.2Weputthecorn_thebirdscouldfinditeasily.3Idlikeyoutotakemypicture_standstheancienttower4Bamboogrowswell_itiswarmerandwetalltheyearround.AintheplaceBintheplacewhereCtheplacewhereDinwhich5Iveneverbeento_mygrandfatherwasborn.AwhichBinwhichCwhereDthat,where,where,where,B,C,67,4.定语从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)_isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)_isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.,As,that,What,68,定语从句和强调句强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立。(1)Ilivedinthisroomlastyear.(2)Hewenttoschoolatseventhismorning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。,(1)Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttosc