现在完成时 3

Presentperfecttense现在完成时,强调动作是过去发生的强调对现在的影响或结果在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。,1.定义,Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）,2.构成,have/hasdone(动词的过去分词),过去分词一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped,不规则动词：AAA型costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurreadreadreadread原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome,ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuiltAAB型beatbeatbeatenABC型beginbeganbegundrivedrovedrivendrinkdrankdrunk,3.基本结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）,4.用法,（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavespentallofmymoney.(现在我没有钱花了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(现在已在此地),（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段时间since+过去一个时间点自从以来since+从句（过去时）Itis+时段+since+从句（过去时）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.,(3)ever(曾经)与never(从不)“HasAnneeverbeentoAustralia?”“Yes,once.”Mymotherhasnevertravelledbyair.,(4)现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,uptothesefewdays,thismorning/year,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等：Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFrancisco（旧金山）thisyear.,5.常用的时间状语有：yet（否定、疑问句）,already（肯定句）,just,recently(最近),ever,never2)since+一点时间或从句（用过去时）3)for+一段时间,havegonetohavebeentohavebeeninSheisnthere.Shehasgonetotheroom.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice/once/before.ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.,去了某地，不在这里（人不在）,曾经去过某地,已回来（人在）,呆在某地（多长时间）,6.,用have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento或have/hasbeenin填空。1.Billisonholidayatthemoment.He_Spain.,hasgoneto,2.“WheresLily?”“Shesnothere.Ithinkshe_tothebank.”,hasgoneto,3.Hello,Sue.you_thebank?-Yes,Ihave.,Havebeento,4.Timisinhospital.He_hospitalforfivedays.,hasbeenin,7延续性动词与瞬间（终止性）动词延续性动词:动作是一种延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：work,live,know,learn,have,wait,sleep,keep,have,walk等。终止性动词:非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生结果。如：leave,arrive,die,come,go,buy,borrow,open,close,marry,join,begin,stop等。,瞬间动词:其现在完成时不能和表示一段时间的状语连用:for和since的短语误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.,1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989/lastMay/9oclock.2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+从句(过去时）Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameastudent.IthasbeentwoyearssinceIbecameastudent.,8since的四种用法,9.Itis(hasbeen)+时间+since多长时间+have(has)passed+since1)Hecameherethreemonthsago.=Hehasbeenhereforthreemonths.=Hehasbeenheresincethreemonthsago.=Itisthreemonthssincehecamehere.=Ithasbeenthreemonthssincehecamehere.=Threemonthshaspassedsincehecamehere.,1）Itisthefirst/secondtime.that从句:用现在完成AItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecityBItisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.2）Thisisthethat从句:用现在完成时.AThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.BThisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.,11用现在完成时的两个句型,典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall（究竟）?-No,thisis