精读2 Unit 1.ppt

UnitOneAnotherSchoolYear-WhatFor?,JohnCiardi,01,02,03,04,CONTENTS,PartOneWarm-up,PartTwoGlossary,PartThreeBackground,PartFourTextAnalysis,PartOne,Warm-up,ENTER,Questions:1.Whatcancollegedoforme?,QuestionsandAnswers,Studiesindicatethatcollegegraduatesenjoysignificantlyhigherearningsovertheirlifetimesthandonon-graduates.,Anassociatedegreecanmean35percentmoreincomethanjustahighschooldiploma.Abachelorsdegreecanmean74percentmoreincomethanjustahighschooldiploma.Amastersdegreecanmean115percentmoreincomethanjustahighschooldiploma.,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Attendinguniversityorcollegeletsyouexperiencearichculturalandsocialsceneandmeetavarietyofpeople,whilestudyingsomethingyoulove.,2.WhatcanIexpectofacollege?,QuestionsandAnswers,abetterpaidjobagreaterchoiceofjobhigherfutureearning,3.Whatdoesacollegeoruniversitymeantome?,QuestionsandAnswers,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,HighereducationcoursesrangefromfamiliaracademicsubjectssuchasEnglishorHistory,tolessfamiliaronessuchasPhilosophy,andahostofwork-related(vocational)coursessuchasaccountancy.,4.WhatcanIstudythere?,QuestionsandAnswers,TheendofQuestionsandAnswers.,PartTwo,Glossary,ENTER,WordList,accomplishmentassumecertifyexposefaculty,6.generate7.nevertheless8.rear9.species10.suffice,accomplishment,pletedsuccessfully;anachievement,Examples:agirlofmanyaccomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Amongheraccomplishmentsweresewing,cooking,playingthepianoanddancing.,v.tosucceedindoing;toreachtheendof,Examples:accomplishonesobject达到目的accomplishonesmission完成使命Hecanaccomplishmoreinadaythananyotherboyinhisclass.,accomplish,assume,v.a.totakeforgranted;tosupposeb.totakeupononeself,n.assumptiona.assumptive,Examples:Theyhadassumedthatpriceswouldrisethesedays,butinfacttheywerewrong.assumeresponsibilitiesassumeanothersdebts,Wordformation,certify,v.toconfirmformallyastrue,accurate,orgenuine,Examples:Theaccountswerecertified(as)correct.Hewascertified(as)insane.certifiedaccountant注册会计师,n.certificationa.certified有书面证明的，已证实的,Wordformation,expose,v.a.tosubjectorallowtobesubjectedtoanactionoraninfluence使受影响b.tosubject(aphotographicfilm,forexample)totheactionoflight使曝光c.tomakeknown(sth.discreditable);toreveal(theguiltorwrongdoingof)揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）,Examples:Theparentsexposedtheirchildrentoclassicalmusicathome.Thisfilmhasbeenexposed.Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.,faculty,n.a.anyofthepowersofthebodyormindb.departmentorgroupofrelateddepartmentsinauniversityc.thewholeteachingstaffinoneofthedepartmentsorinthewholeuniversity,Examples:thefacultyofthesight;mentalfacultiestheFacultyofLawTheentirefacultyoftheuniversitywillattendthemeeting.,n.generationn.generatora.generative,Wordformation,v.toproduceasaresultofachemicalorphysicalprocess,generate,Examples:ageneratingstation发电厂，发电站Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.Theyhavealargebodyofyoungpeoplewhoarecapableofgeneratingnewideas.Thismachinecangenerateelectricityincaseofpowerfailure.,nevertheless,adv.inspiteofthat,however,Examples:Shewasverytired,neverthelessshekeptonworking.Wearegoingneverthelessweshallreturn.,rear,v.a.tocarefor(childrenorachild)duringtheearlystagesoflife;tobringupb.totend(growingplantsoranimals)c.torisehighintheair;totowern.ahindpart后面，后边；后边的部分,Examples:torearachildtorearamonumenttoapersonsmemory为纪念某人而建立纪念碑therearofthehall,species,Examples:Somespeciesofanimalshavebecomeextinctbecausetheycouldnotadapttoachangingenvironment.TheOriginofSpecies物种起源,v.tomeetpresentneedsorrequirements,suffice,Wordformation,a.sufficientn.sufficiency,Examples:Theserationswillsufficeuntilnextweek.Fiftydollarswillsufficeme.Fiftydollarswillsufficeformyneeds.,PartThree,Background,ENTER,Background,Genre,Author,JohnCiardiAmericanpoet,editor,critic,authorofbooksforchildren,nonfictionwriter,andtranslator(ofDantesTheDivineComedy:“TheInferno”,“ThePurgatorio”,and“TheParadiso”).,Author,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,“Thedaywillhappenwhetherornotyougetup.”“Youdonothavetosuffertobeapoet.Adolescenceisenoughsufferingforanyone.”“Auniversityiswhatacollegebecomeswhenthefacultylosesinterestinstudents.”,TheendofAuthor.,Author,Authorsquotes,Genre,Orientationspeechperiodoftimeatthebeginningoftheacademicyearatauniversityduringwhichavarietyofeventsareheldtoorientandwelcomenewstudents.Theorientationhelpsnewstudentstoorganizetheirclasses,acclimatetostudentlife,andintroducethemselvestoothernewstudents.Speechesareoftengivenatorientationbypresidentsoracclaimedprofessorsoftheuniversity.AudienceCollegefreshmenStylecolloquial,familiar;firsthumorous,mildlysarcastic;laterseriousandearnest,PartFour,TextAnalysis,ENTER,I.ThemeII.StructureIII.DetailedDicussionIV.Dicussiontosignup注册登记，注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记,enrollin,Wordformation,n.enrollment,Example:Weenrolledinthearmy.,4.Itwouldcertifythathehadspecializedinpharmacy,butitwouldfurthercertifythathehadbeenexposedtosomeoftheideasmankindhasgenerateswithinitshistory.(Para.2),TheB.Scertificatewouldbeanofficialproofthattheholderhadspecialknowledgeofpharmacy,butitwouldalsobeagoodproofthathe/shehadlearned/absorbedsomeprofoundideasofthepast.,toconcentrateonaparticularactivityorproduct从事专门活动或销售专业产品,specializein,Example:Theshopspecializesinmountain-climbinggear.ProfessorLispecializesinAmericandrama.Mysisterspecializesincontractlaw.,Herethewordeducationisusedinabroadsense,whichinvolvesnotonlytheprocessofacquiringknowledgeanddevelopingskills,butalsothatofimprovingthemind.,5.Thatistosay,hehadnotenteredatechnicaltrainingschoolbutauniversityandinuniversitiesstudentsenrollforbothtrainingandeducation.(Para.2),Whatisthedifferencebetweentrainingandeducation,accordingtothewriter?Trainingispreparationforajob,oracareer,suchasthetraininginacertainskill.Education,ontheotherhand,islearningtodeveloponesmentalandmoralpowers.,6.Icouldhavetoldhimallthis,butitwasfairlyobvioushewasntgoingtobearoundlongenoughforittomatter.(Para.2),tobepresentinaplace;available,Ididntactuallysayallthistohim,becauseIdidntthinkhewouldstayatcollegeverylong,soitwouldntbeimportantwhetherornotheknewwhatuniversityeducationwasfor.,tobeimportantorhaveanimportanteffectonsb./sth.Examples:Itdoesntmatterwhetherornotyouagree.Mymindismadeup.DoesitmatterifIwriteinpencil?,7.“Fortherestofyourlife,”Isaid,“yourdaysaregoingtoaverageouttoabouttwenty-fourhours.”(Para.4),tocometoanaverageorordinarylevelorstandard,esp.afterbeinghigherorlower,Examples:Mealsattheuniversityaverageouttoabout10yuanperday.Therestaurantsmonthlyprofitsaveragedoutat30%lastyear.,8.Youwillseetoitthatthecyanidestaysoutoftheaspirin,thatthebulldoesntjumpthefence,orthatyourclientdoesntgototheelectricchairasaresultofyourincompetence.(Para.5),Youhavetotakeresponsibilityfortheworkyoudo.Ifyoureapharmacist,youshouldmakesurethataspirinisnotmixedwithpoisonouschemicals.Asanengineer,youshouldntgetthingsoutofcontrol.Ifyoubecomealawyer,youshouldmakesureaninnocentpersonisnotsentencedtodeathbecauseyoulackadequatelegalknowledgeandskilltodefendyourclient.,tomakesurethatExamples:Canyouseetoitthatalltheinvitationsaredeliveredtoday?Illseetoitthateverythingisreadybeforetheguestsarrive.,(=electrocute处电刑)tobepunishedbybeingkilledontheelectricchair,thatis,bypassingelectricitythroughthebody.,Inadditiontoallotherthingstheseprofessionsoffer,theyprovideyouwithalivingsothatyoucansupportafamilywifeandchildren.,Nounclause,usedaspredicative,9.Alongwitheverythingelse,theywillprobablybewhatputsfoodonyourtable,supportsyourwife,andrearsyourchildren.(Para.5),inadditiontosb/sth;inthesamewayassb./sth.,Ihopethatyourincomewillalwaysbeenough.(Inotherwords,thewriterhopesthattheskillshelearnsatcollegewillalwaysprovidehimandhisfamilywithaliving.),10.Theywillbeyourincome,andmayitalwayssuffice.(Para.5),Invertedsentence,usedinablessing.e.g.Maytheylivelong!,toadegreethatisfairlygoodbutnotverygoodExamples:Shewantstofindaplacereasonablyclosetoheruniversity.Ouruniversityisnotoneofthetopten,butreasonablywellknownbothathomeandabroad.,11.Willthechildreneverbeexposedtoareasonablypenetratingideaathome?(Para.6),ifyouareexposedtosth,youareputinasituationinwhichyoumightbeinfluencedbyit.Examples:Studyingabroad,hewasexposedtoanewwayoflife.Tolearnmoreabouttheworldwelivein,weshouldbeexposedtodifferentcultures.,Willyourchildreneverhearyoutalkaboutsomethingprofoundathome?,onethatrequirestheabilityofunderstandingclearlyanddeeply,12.Willyoubepresidingoverafamilythatmaintainssomecontactwiththegreatdemocraticintellect?(Para.6),Willyoubeheadofafamilywhobringsupthekidsinademocraticspirit?,tobeinchargeortocontrolameetingoranevent,hereusedhumorously,tokeepintouchwith,hereusedfiguratively,Thegreatdemocraticintellect:thelevelofideaspossibleinasocietybasedonthebeliefthatallpeopleareequalpoliticallyorsocially,13.“Ihopeyoumakealotofit,”Itoldhim,“becauseyouregoingtobebadlystuckforsomethingtodowhenyourenotsigningchecks.”(Para.8),Noticethesarcastictoneofthewriter.Inspiteofwhathehadsaid,thestudentdidntseemtobeconvinced.Whatthewritermeanthereissomethinglikethis:Ifyoudonthaveanygoalinlifeapartfrommakingmoneytosatisfyyourdesireformaterialriches,goaheadandmakealotofit.,nottoknowwhattodoinaparticularsituationExamples:Inthemiddleofthespeech,hewasstuckforwords(hedidntknowhowtogoon),Examples:Youvenobusinesstellingmewhattodo.Shehasnobusinessreadingyourmail.,14.IfyouhavenotimeforShakespeare,forabasiclookatphilosophy,forthecontinuityofthefinearts,forthatlessonofmansdevelopmentwecallhistorythenyouhavenobusinessbeingincollege.(Para.9),tohavenorighttodosth.,shouldnthavebeen/bedoingsth.,Thatlessonofmansdevelopmentwecallhistory:我们称之为历史的人类发展过程中有教育意义的经历。Here,“thatlessonofmansdevelopment”istheobjectoftheverb“call”;“history”isanobjectivecomplement.Lesson:anexperiencewhichactsasawarningtoyouoranexamplefromwhichyoushouldlearn能给人以警戒或使人从中获取教训的经历Ifyoudontwanttoimproveyourmindandbroadenyourhorizonbystudyingalittleliterature,philosophyandthefineartsandhistory,youshouldntbestudyinghereatcollege.,15.Youareonyourwaytobeingthatnewspeciesofmechanizedsavage,thepush-buttonNeanderthal.(Para.9)Onthe/oneswayto:onthepointofexperiencingorachievingExamples:Sheisonthewaytobecomingafullprofessor.Thatbrightyoungmanisonhiswaytobeingthesalesmanagerofthecompany.Nancyiswellonherwaytoanervousbreakdown.Newspeciesofmechanizedsavage:newtypeofhumanswhoareintellectuallysimpleandnotdevelopedandwhocanonlyworkmachinesThepush-buttonNeanderthal:anuneducated,ignorantpersonwhocanonlyuse/operatemachinesbypushingthebuttons,Youwillsoonbecomeanuneducated,ignorantpersonwhocanonlyworkmachinesandoperatemechanicalequipment(onewhodoesntknowanythingaboutliterature,music,thefinearts,cultureingeneral,etc.),toreachthepointatwhichyouare,feel,know,etc.sth.Examples:Onceyougettoknowherbetter,youllrealizesheiscompassionateatheart.Hisabsent-mindedisgettingtobeabigproblem.,16.Noonegetstobeahumanbeingunaided.(Para.10),Noonecangrowuptobeacivilizedpersonwithoutthehelpofothers.,Asinglelifetime:thetimeduringwhichapersonisaliveAcivilizedhuman:apersonwhoispleasant,charmingandwithoutroughnessofmanner有素养的人Tobecomeacivilizedperson,youneedtoacquiretheknowledgeanddevelopthecultureacivilizedsocietyneeds.Onelifetimeistooshorttocreateanenvironmentforhimtobecomecivilized.,17.Thereisnottimeenoughinasinglelifetimetoinventforoneselfeverythingoneneedstoknowinordertobeacivilizedhuman.(Para.10),18.Andasthisistrueofthetechniquesofmankind,soitistrueofmankindsspiritualresources.(Para.12)Betrueof(apersonorasituation):toapplytoExamples:Itsawonderfulopera.Themusicissuperb.Thesameistrueoftheacting.Theyoungtendtolookaheadwhiletheoldliketolookbackuponthepast.Thisistrueofallnations.Thisisthewaywelearnanddevelopthetechniquesofmankind.Thisisalsohowweinheritandadvancemankindsspiritualresources.人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此。,19.Acivilizedmindis,inessence,onethatcontainsmanysuchlivesandmanysuchworlds.(Para.12)basically,bynatureExamples:Heisinessenceanoutgoingperson.Inessencetheywereaskingfortheimpossible.Basically,aculturedandeducatedpersonshouldknowaboutsuchgreatvarietyoflivesandworlds.,Ifyouaretooanxioustomakemoney,tooignoranttoseeyourlimitations,thenyoucouldntregardthosegreatpeoplesmindsasagifttoyourhumanity,andthusyoucantbeadevelopedhuman.如果你急着去赚钱，或是对自己的物质甚为得意，从而把亚里士多德或乔叟或爱因斯坦的思想-这个提高你的品德修养的礼物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个民主社会有用的成员。,20.Ifyouaretoomuchinahurry,ortooarrogantlyproudofyourownlimitations,toacceptasagifttoyourhumanitysomepiecesofthemindsofAristotle,orChaucer,orEinstein,youareneitheradevelopedhumannorausefulcitizenofademocracy.(Para.12),objectoftheverb“accept”,21.whenIsaythatauniversityhasnorealexistenceandnorealpurposeexceptasitsucceedsinputtingyouintouch,bothasspecialistsandashumans,withthosehumanmindsyourhumanmindneedstoinclude.(Para.14),“except”usedasaconjunctive,introducinganadverbialclause,bothasspecialistsandashumans:aspersonswhohavespecializedandaretrainedinacertainsubjectorskillandascivilizedcreaturesandthinkinganimals,要是一所大学不能使你们学生，无论作为专门人才还是普通人，去接触那些你们的头脑应该有的那些大师们的思想，那么，这所大学就没有直正的办学宗旨，也就没有存在的必要了。（我说的这番话适用于）,22.“Weareheretomakeavailabletoyou,asbestwecan,thatexpertise.”(Para.14)usedtoshowyourroleinasituationExamples:Wereallheretohelpyou.“Ourrole/job/taskistodoourbesttoprovidesuchknowledgeforyou(tobecomebothspecialistsandcivilizedhumans).”,Discussion,Asacollegestudent,whatdoyouthinkofthequestionputforwardbytheauthor?G