英语演讲的艺术week-fivePPT课件

.,1,OutliningtheSpeech,Preparationoutline:verydetailed,fortheplanningstage.Speakingoutline:verybrief,forthedeliveryofthespeech.,.,2,ThePreparationOutline,Preparationoutline:adetailedoutlinedevelopedduringtheprocessofspeechpreparationthatincludesthetitle,specificpurpose,centralidea,introduction,mainpoints,subpoints,connectives,conclusion,andbibliographyofaspeech.,.,3,Ithelpsyoupreparethespeech.Decidewhatyoullsayintheintroduction,howyouwillorganizethemainpointsandsupportingmaterialsinthebody,andwhatyoullsayintheconclusion.,.,4,GuidelinesforthePreparationOutline,Statethespecificpurposeandcentralidea.Labeltheintroduction,body,andconclusion.Useaconsistentpatternofsymbolizationandindentation.Statemainpointsandsubpointsinfullsentences.,.,5,Labeltransitions,internalsummaries,andinternalpreviews.Attachabibliography.Giveyourspeechatitle.,.,6,StatetheSpecificPurposeandCentralIdea,Thespecificpurposestatementandthecentralideashouldbeseparateunitsthatappearbeforethetextoftheoutlineitself.Howwellyouhaveconstructedthespeechtoaccomplishyourpurposeandtocommunicateyourcentralidea.,.,7,LabeltheIntroduction,Body,andConclusion,.,8,UseaConsistentPatternofSymbolizationandIndentation,SeeAPSpage120.Visualframework:thepatternofsymbolizationandindentationinaspeechoutlinethatshowtherelationshipsamongthespeakersideas.,.,9,StateMainPointsandSubpointsinFullSentences,Askimpypreparationoutlineisoflittlevalue.Statingmainpointsandsubpointsinfullsentenceswillensurethatyoudevelopyourideasfully.,.,10,LabelTransitions,InternalSummaries,andInternalPreview,Usuallytheyrenotincorporatedintothesystemofsymbolizationandindentation.Theyrelabeledseparatelyandareinsertedintheoutlinewheretheyllappearinthespeech.,.,11,AttachaBibliography,Bibliography:alistofallthesourcesusedinpreparingaspeech.Itshowsallthebooks,magazines,newspapers,andInternetsourcesconsulted,aswellasanyinterviewsorfieldresearchyouconducted.,.,12,GiveYourSpeechaTitle,Threerequirementsforagoodspeechtitle:(1)bebrief;(2)attracttheattentionofyouraudience;(3)encapsulatethemainthrustofyourspeech.SeeAPSpages122-124.SamplePreparationOutlineWithCommentary.,.,13,TheSpeakingOutline,Speakingoutline:abriefoutlineusedtojogaspeakersmemoryduringthepresentationofaspeech.Ithelpsyouwhatyouwanttosay.Acondensedversionofyourpreparationoutline.,.,14,Itshouldcontainkeywordsorphrases,essentialstatisticsandquotations.Itshouldalsoincludecuestodirectandsharpenyourdelivery.,.,15,GuidelinesfortheSpeakingOutline,Followthevisualframeworkusedinthepreparationoutline.Makesuretheoutlineislegible.Keeptheoutlineasbriefaspossible.Giveyourselfcuesfordeliveringthespeech.,.,16,FollowtheVisualFrameworkUsedinthePreparationOutline,Usethesamevisualframeworkasyourpreparationoutline.Seeinstantlywhereyouareinthespeechatanygivenmomentwhileyouarespeaking.,.,17,MakeSuretheOutlineIsLegible,Itshouldbereadableatadistance.Uselargelettering,leaveextraspacebetweenlines,provideamplemargins,andwriteortypeononlyonesideofyourpaperornotecard.,.,18,KeeptheOutlineasBriefasPossible,Itshouldcontainkeywordsorphrases.Itshouldbetheminimumyouneedtojogyourmemoryandkeepyouontrack.,.,19,GiveYourselfCuesforDeliveringtheSpeech,Deliverycues:directionsinaspeakingoutlinetohelpaspeakerrememberhowheorshewantstodeliverkeypartsofthespeech.Oneway:byunderliningorhighlightingkeyideasthatyouwanttobesuretoemphasize.,.,20,Anotherway:jotdownontheoutlineexplicitcuessuchas“pause”,“repeat”,“slowdown”,“louder”,andsoforth.SeeAPSpages126-127:SampleSpeakingOutlineWithCommentary.,.,21,UsingVisualAids,Astheoldsayinggoes,onepicturecanbeworthathousandwords.Visualimagescanmakeaspeakersmessagemoreinteresting,maketheaudiencegraspitmoreeasily,andretainitlonger.,.,22,KindsofVisualAids,Objectsandmodels.Photographsanddrawings.Graphs.Charts.Video.Thespeaker.PowerPoint.,.,23,ObjectsandModels,Model:anobject,usuallybuilttoscale,thatrepresentsanotherobjectindetail.Viewanexcerptfrom“CPR”:rescuebreathing,presentedonVideo12.1.,.,24,PhotographsandDrawings,Neitherwillworkeffectivelyunlesstheyrelargeenoughfortheaudiencetoseewithoutstraining.ThemosteffectivewaytoshowdrawingsandphotographsiswithPowerPoint.Viewanexcerptfrom“MachuPicchu:CityoftheGods.,.,25,Graphs,Graph:avisualaidusedtoshowstatisticaltrendsandpatterns.Linegraph:agraphthatusesoneormorelinestoshowchangesinstatisticsovertimeorspace.,.,26,Piegraph:agraphthathighlightssegmentsofacircletoshowsimpledistributionpatterns.Bargraph:agraphthatusesverticalorhorizontalbarstoshowcomparisonsamongtwoormoreitems.,.,27,LineGraph,.,28,PieGraph,.,29,BarGraph,.,30,Charts,Chart:avisualaidthatsummarizesalargeblockofinformation,usuallyinlistform.Viewthepresentationofthischart(APSpage164)in“TheUnitedStates:ANationofImmigrants”.,.,31,Video,Makesurethevideoisnottoolong.Makesurethevideoiscuedtostartexactlywhereyouwantit.Ifnecessary,editthevideotothepreciselengthyouneed.Bewareoflow-resolutionvideo.,.,32,TheSpeaker,Doingademonstrationwellrequiresspecialpracticetocoordinateyouractionswithyourwordsandtomaintaineyecontactwiththeaudience.Viewanexcerptfrom“Yoga:UnitingBody,Mind,andSpirit”.,.,33,PowerPoint,View“TheGreatWallofChina”.Video12.8,.,34,TipsforPreparingVisualAids,Keepvisualaidssimple.Makesurevisualaidsarelargeenough.Usefontsthatareeasytoread.Usecoloreffectively.,.,35,KeepVisualAidsSimple,Visualaidsshouldbesimple,clear,andtothepoint.,.,36,MakeSureVisualAidsAreLargeEnough,Avisualaidisuselessifnoonecanseeit.PowerPoint:atleast44-pointtypefortitles,36-pointtypeforsubtitle,and28point-typeforothertext.,.,37,UseFontsThatAreEasytoRead,Font:acompletesetoftypeofthesamedesign.Effective:Arial,ComicSansMS,Verdana,CourierNew,TimesNewRoman,etc.,.,38,UseColorEffectively,.,39,Ti