(江苏专用)2016届高考英语二轮复习课件：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第4课时

第4课时顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目,怎么考1.词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断其指代内容。2.词义猜测类题目中常含有referto，mean，beplacedby，isclosestinmeaningto，standfor，bedefinedas等。,怎么学在平时阅读训练中除积累阅读的常用技巧外，还要有意学会猜测生僻词汇的能力，以及一些熟词生义的用法等。怎么解做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下求证”是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。,具体方法1.根据接近或递进关系：由and或or等可确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。2.根据选择或相对关系：对比or(要么，或者)前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。3.根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。4.根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。,5.根据因果关系：根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果，也可由果推因。常见的词有：since，as，therefore，dueto，thus等。6.根据列举的实例：根据suchas，forexample等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。7.利用构词法猜测词义：很多词都可以通过分析其“转化”“合成”或“派生”来确定该词在具体语境中的意义。,【典例剖析1】(2012大纲全国卷，D)EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital，AddisAbaba，isa_replicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston，Texas，spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour，whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.,Whatdothewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucy.C.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.答案C本题需要猜测的是生僻词replica，根据画线部分后面的“whiletherealremains”，while表示“而”，为上下文“对比”关系，相对于“thereal”，可知，上文意义应是“假的，非真实的”；画线部分应指的是骨骼复制品，故选C项。,【典例剖析2】(2013新课标全国卷，C)TheCRFsproduceis“green”，madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines，withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSerieswithSichuanpepper，redbean(豆)，cheeseandotherflavorsalsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolate_snobs，whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers，theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo，Cuba，Venezuela，andGhana，amongothers.,Thewords“chocolatesnobs”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho_.A.areparticularaboutchocolateB.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothersD.liketotrynewflavors答案A本题要猜测的是短语；根据画线部分后面的定语从句，“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”，再根据画线部分上文内容，“Andfor.”“至于，对于”有转折的意义，故选A项“对巧克力很挑剔的人”。,【典例剖析3】(2013山东卷，D)Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears，untilanewCEO，CarlPearson，decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey，whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain，whilecustomersofotherfastfoodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.,Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B.Sparrowrestaurants.C.Customersofotherfast-foodchains.D.Otherfastfoodchains.答案D本题要猜测的是代词。根据原文Hedidasurvey，whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain，whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店。此处，turnawayfrom表示“从处走开”，所以from之后应该是主语的原始位置，顺藤摸瓜，故选D项。,【典例剖析4】(2014广东卷，B).“Herestheidea，”Annesays.“Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof，doitrandomly.”Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools，leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown，andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady.Annesays，“Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan.”Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid，whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents，kindnessbeginsslowly，witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!,Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove?A.Kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld.B.Kindnessandviolencecanaffectonesbehavior.C.