英国文学史知识点

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1，这段时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒)Christian(基督徒)2，代表作：the song of Beowulf 贝奥武甫(国家epic民族史诗)使用了隐喻的手法3、分配押韵(写作技巧)例如：of man was the mill dest and most be loved、To his kindest，keenest for praise。二、the anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)坎托市1、浪漫传奇文学2，代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight第三，杰弗里查乌瑟(1340-1400)杰弗里乔叟the father of English poetry英国诗歌之父2，heroic couplet英雄双韵：a verse unit conisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter(抑制第5步)3，代表作：the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集(英国文学史上的开始)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England，re presentatives of various walks of life and social groups。朝圣者都是来自英国各地的人，代表社会的不同阶层和社会团体小说的特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peulina manner，thus revealing his own views and character。这些叙述者以自己的特色方式讲述自己的故事，无形中展现了各自的观点，显示了各自的性格。小说的观点：he believes in the right of man to earthy happines。he is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信)and a blind belief in fate(盲目相信命运)。他希望人们从迷信和命运的盲目中解放出来。4，Popular Ballads大众歌谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(备注)ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(在书中)。歌谣是匿名的叙事曲，一直保存着口头传播的方式代表：主教托马斯珀西托马斯帕什代表作：罗宾汉和alin-a-dale robbon huo和alin dale第四，伦尼萨斯(16世纪)文艺复兴时期(Greek and Roman)剧drama市张cantothe termrenaisance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences。文艺复兴本来是指英国古典艺术和科学的复兴。the epoch of renaissace witnested a particular development of English drama文艺复兴时期的英国电视剧也有了快速的发展。1、关键任务： humanmanism人本主义：admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表：1)，Thomas More Thomas Utopia Utopia Utopia2)，弗朗西斯培根第一个散文家3)，Thomas Wyatt Thomas Wyatt引入十四行诗的第一个人SONET:form of poetry intricately rhymed in 14 lines iambic pentameter(4)，埃德蒙斯潘塞波内特(诗人诗人诗人)The Fairy Queen 仙后5)，克里斯托弗马洛Blank verse(没有韵律：抑制没有韵律的五个阶段)是16世纪英国电视剧的主要表现。(6)，William Shakespeare William。莎士比亚戏剧drama四个悲剧：哈姆雷特(17世纪)资产阶级革命和王权的恢复普洛斯散文1，文学特征：the Puritans(清教徒)believed in simplicity of life，disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry，breaking up of old清教徒提倡俭朴的生活，拒绝十四行诗和恋爱诗，摆脱了旧思想。2、代表：1)他是约翰多恩约翰多恩的“医学”诗人(现学派诗人)的代表人物SONET soneth Death be not proud(便笺)作品的特点：strike the reader in donne s extrordry frankness and penetrating realism。(坦率的态度和现实的描述)新颖的主题和视觉。 novelty of its form。(新奇的形式)2)，约翰米尔顿约翰米尔顿a格雷特诗人(poem市blank verse)Defense for the English People英国辩护Paradise Lost实际乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒但不是坏人Paradise Regained福乐园(John Bunyan John。白洋a great prose writer，“give us the only great allegory(寓言)”Pilgrims Progress 天禄课程prose散文这本书写的是“球体形态，medieval form of allegory and dream”六、启蒙运动(18世纪)普洛斯散文1，emphasized formality or correctness of style，to write prose like Addison，or verse like pope。t)、Othello(奥赛罗)、King Lear(李尔王)、The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)强调正确的格调和写作规范，像艾迪森一样创作散文，像鲍柏一样创作诗歌。the enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoise against feudalism。启蒙运动其实是当时先进资产阶级和落后封建主义斗争的一种形式。the enlighten ers repudiate the false reliaous doctrines about the vicio usness of humannature，And prove that man is born kind And honest启蒙主义者推翻了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶思想。证明人生诚实友好，腐败堕落是因为后天腐败的社会环境。Contract to all reasoning，social injuice still held strong，found the power of reason to be insufficient，and therefore appealed to不管怎么关心理性，社会不平等仍然普遍，理性的力量明显不足。因此，要把情感的呼吁作为追求幸福和社会公平的手段。第2，18世纪文学的三个方面：古典主义、上升的浪漫主义诗歌、beginnings of the modern novel(刚开始的现代派小说)3、代表：1)，但以理德福但以理。德福真实小说诺埃尔：Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记Jonathan Wild乔纳森威尔德Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯(2)，现代小说之父Joseph Andrews约瑟夫安德鲁斯受理查森的帕美勒启发作家之间的差异：Richardson no humor，minces words，moralizes。没有幽默，嚼文字，说教Fielding direct，vigorous，hilarious，and coerse to the point of vulgarity，full of animal spirits，tells the story of aThe History of Tom Jones, a foundling被遗弃的婴儿汤姆琼斯的故事the best novel of him3)，乔纳森斯威夫特乔纳森斯威夫特Gullivers Travels格列佛旅行诺埃尔讽刺作品特性：no visible sign of anger，nor raising the voiceThe tone is cold，restrained，ironic，varied only by some flashes of fooling when swift s sense of the ridiculo ur gets the better of his躺着的脸不动，不骂人，语气冷酷，正面隐藏，讽刺尖刻，只有寓言的感情难以抑制时，才表现出愚弄的态度。A Modest Proposal平滑提案4)，塞缪尔理查森塞缪尔理查森Pamela Palmer the method of psychological analysis心理分析方法In the form of letters书信小说5)，Richard b . sharian Richard b . SheldonSchool for Scandal谣言学校，喜剧comedy(6)，奥利弗戈尔dsmith s奥利弗。戈德明散文作家essayistThe Vicar of Wakefield维克菲尔德的牧师，小说诺埃尔She Stoops to Conquer委任书，快乐喜剧滚动喜剧The Deserted Village荒芜的村庄，城市poems4、Sentimentalism鉴赏主义no belief没有信仰the re presentatives of sentimental ism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sened at the same time the contrasts of bourge ois properties感伤主义代表人物继续反对封建主义，模糊地感受到资本主义过程中出现的各种矛盾，感受到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。代表：Thomas Gray Thomas graElegy, Written in