Grammar Focus

Unit3,GrammarFocus,Ifyouneedhelp,whatshouldyousaypolitely?,1.Sweepthefloor,Peter!,2.Canyousweepthefloor,Peter?,3.Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?,Whichisthemostpoliteone?,CouldIstayoutlate?,CouldIusethecar?,Sorry,youcant.Ihavetogotoameeting.,CouldIgetaride?,No,youhaveatesttomorrow.,Yes,youcan.,Grammar,Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Yes,sure.Couldyoupleasedothedishes?Sorry,Icant.Ihavetodomyhomework.CouldIgotothemovies?Yes,youcan.CouldIusethecar?No,youcant.Ihavetogoout.,could,can的过去时,礼貌的请求,提出建议,推测,IcouldrunfastwhenIwasachild.,Couldyouhelpme?,Youcouldtalktoyourteachernow.,Hecouldntbeattheschoolthen.,Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?,你能打扫一下你的房间吗？,在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，我们常用could代替can，以表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具有这些语气。这样用时，不能把could看作为can的过去式。,Couldyouplease?请你好吗?,这里的could不是表示一般的过去式,而是用来表示委婉地提出请求。,Couldyoupleasedosth?,1.could表示请求，语气委婉，显得有礼貌Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?你可以打扫你的房间吗？肯定回答：Yes,Ican.是的，我可以。Yes,sure./Yes,ofcourse.否定回答：Sorry,Icant.Ihavetodomyhomework.对不起，我不得不做作业。,2.could表示请求许可，希望得到允许。CouldIgotothemovies?我能去看电影吗？肯定回答：Yes,youcan.Yes,sure.当然可以。否定回答：No,youcant.不，不行。,Nowmakesentencesusingcouldandthefollowingphrases.（1）gotothemovies去看电影（2）stayoutlate在外面待得很晚（3）usethecar使用汽车（4）getaride去骑车（5）useyourcomputer使用你的电脑（6）borrowsomemoney借些钱（7）invitemyfriendstoaparty邀请我的朋友参加晚会（8）gotothestore去商店（9）useyourCDplayer使用你的CD播放器,3.could与can的区别could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合；Canyoutellusyourstory,Tony?你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，Tony？,could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。CouldyoutellusifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？Sure.当然可以。,Excuseme,couldyouhelpmecarrytheheavybox?_.A.Yes,IcouldB.WithpleasureC.ItdoesntmatterD.Dontmentionit,【点拨】选B。Couldyou.?表示客气地征求意见或请求许可的询问方式，不能用could回答。withpleasure表示同意，意为“乐意效劳；愿意帮助”。C、D是对感谢的回答，不符合语境。,Couldyouplease?,Couldyouplease？,4a,WriteRforrequestsandPforpermissions.Thenmatcheachonewiththecorrectresponse.,1._CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?2._Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?3._CouldIborrowthatbook?,a.Yes,hereyouare.b.Hmm.Howmuchdoyouneed?c.Yes,sure.Noproblem.Ifinishedreadingitlastnight.,P,R,P,4._Couldyouhelpmedothedishes?5._Couldyoulendmesomemoney?,d.Yes,butdontcomebacktoolate.e.No,Icant.IcutmyfingerandImtryingnottogetitwet.,R,R,borrowv.借；借用MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借用你的自行车吗？,Couldyou_yourdictionarytome?A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.use,【点拨】选B。句意为：你能借给我你的字典吗？对主语“你”来说是借出，lend“借出”，lendsth.tosb.“把某物借给某人”,其反义词是“borrow”。,borrow和lend都可译为“借”，但用法不同。（1）borrow“借，借入；借用”，从主语的角度讲，指“借入”或“借用他人的东西供自己使用”。常用结构为：borrowsth.fromsb.或borrowonessth.意为“向某人借某物”。,borrow/lend,（2）lend“借出；借给”，从主语的角度讲，表示把自己的东西“借出”给别人使用。常用结构为：lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.意为“借给某人某物”。（3）borrow和lend均为非延续性动词，若表达借某物多长时间时，不能用borrow或lend,而要用keep,意为“保存；保留”。,用borrow或lend的正确形式填空：1.He_abookfromme,andneverreturnedit.2.CanI_yourbicycle?3.Joe_thiscartousfortheweekend.4.I_twobooksfromthelibrary.5.Englishhas_manywordsfromFrench.,borrowed,borrow,lent,borrowed,borrowed,6.CanI_yourcaronSaturday?7.Canyou_me$10?8._meyourcar.9._yourcartome.,borrow,lend,Lend,Lend,单项选择：1.I_somebooksfrommyfriendandI_themtomycousinthismorning.A.lent;keptB.kept;lentC.lent;borrowedD.borrowed;lent2.-CanI_yourrubber?-Sorry.Lily_italready.A.lend,haslentB.borrow,haslentC.lend,hasborrowedD.borrow,hasborrowed,D,D,3.A：Howlongcanshe_thebook?B：Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.return,C,4b,Fillintheblanksintheconversation.,A:Ihateto_chores.B:Well,Ihatesomechorestoo,butIlikeotherchores.A:Really?Great!_Iaskyouto_mewithsomechoresthen?B:Whatdoyouneedhelpwith?A:_youplease_myclothesforme?B:Idontwanttodothat!Itsboring!,do,Could,help,Could,fold,A:OK.Then_you_dothedishesforme?B:Sure,noproblem.But_wegotothemoviesafterthat?A:Sure.Illfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.Thenwecangotothemovies.,could,please,could,hatev.厌恶；讨厌Ihaterainydays,andIhategoing/togooutonrainydays.我讨厌雨天,更讨厌雨天外出。,Ihatetoplaysoccer.A.notliketoplayB.notlikeplayingC.dislikeplayD.dislikeplaying,【点拨】选D。hate的同义词为dislike“不喜欢”,dislike跟动词-ing形式或不定式。,+n./pron.不喜欢/憎恨某人/某物+todosth.不喜欢做某事（表示具体的动作或行为）+doingsth.不喜欢做某事（表示经常性的动作或行为）todosth.doingsth.,+sb.不喜欢/憎恨某人做某事,hate,B:Idontlikedoingthedishesbecauseitsboring.,Makealistofthechoresyoudo.,cleanthebike,dothedishes,cleantherooms,foldtheclothes,takeoutthetrash,sweepthefloor,cookthedinner,like,beoutside,dontlike,boring,A:IlikecleaningthebikebecauseIcanbeoutside.,4c,Makealistofthingsyourgroupneedstodoforacampingtrip.Thendiscusswhowilldothemandcompletethechart.,常见表示委婉请求做某事的句型及其答语：委婉请求：Couldyouplease+dosth.?Couldyou+dosth.?Wouldyouplease+dosth.?Wouldyou+dosth.?肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem./Idloveto.否定回答：Sorry./Sorry,Icant./Idloveto,but,ImwonderingifyoucouldCouldyoupossibly?Wouldyoubeableto?Wouldyoumind?,Doyouknowanyotherrequests?,1.Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddosomethingforme.不知你能否帮个忙.2.Wouldyoubeabletoprintoutafileforme?不知你能不能帮我打印一份材料?3.CouldIhaveitwithintenminutesplease?请在十分钟之内给我好吗?,4.Couldyoupossiblyhelpmewiththeprinter?你能帮我查看一下这个打印机出了什么问题吗?5.Wouldyoumindwritingyouremaillater?你介意等一会儿再写你的电子邮件吗?,向别人提出请求或建议的常用句型有:Would(Do)youmind+v.-ing+.?做你介意吗？2.Can/Could/May/I(you).?我/你可以吗？3.Will/Would/Can/Couldyouplease.？请你好吗？4.Wouldyoulike+todo+.?你愿意/想吗?5.Lets+动词原形.让我们吧。,Summary,Couldyoudomeafavor?表示请求获得帮助,意思和Can/Couldyouhelpme?一样。2.Wouldyoumind+v.-ing的否定形式是在mind后面加not,即Wouldyoumindnot.?结构。Wouldyoumindnotstandinginfrontofme？请你不要站在我的前面好吗？,注意,表达“不介意”：No,certainlynot.Ofcoursenot.Notatall.表达“介意”：Yes,youdbetternot.Yes,pleasedont.Imsorry,butIdo.Sorry,but.,3.对于请求或提建议的句型常用的应答语有:肯定回答:Sure./Certainly./Allright./Ofcours