2015中考英语语法专题复习 被动语态

,被动语态,什么叫被动语态？,I,close,thedoor,主,谓,宾,is,d,by,me,一、被动语态含义,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。将宾语变主语主语变宾语谓语变be+V.pp,二、被动语态结构,主+be+V.pp+(bysb.),Exercise,1.许多树被种。Manytreesareplanted(bypeople).2.那首歌被唱了许多遍了。Thesongissungmanytimes(bypeople).,八种时态下的被动语态,三、被动语态的时态,am/is/are+V.pp,1）一般现在时,2)一般过去时was/were+V.ppEg:那个杯子昨天被我打破了。Thatcupwasbrokenbyme.,3)现在进行时am/is/arebeing+V.ppEg:这里一个新电影院正在被建。Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere,4)过去进行时was/werebeing+V.ppEg：昨晚八点一个会议正在被召开。Ameetingwasbeingheldat8oclocklastnight.,5)现在完成时has/havebeen+V.ppeg:工作已经被他们完成了。Theworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.,6)过去完成时hadbeen+V.ppeg:截止去年底，一个新体育馆已经在北京被完成了。Bytheendoflastyear,anewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.,7)一般将来时willbe+V.ppEg:如果工厂关闭，成百上千的工作将会被丢Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.,8）过去将来时should/wouldbe+V.ppEg:她说消息会被送给Tom。ShesaidthatthenewswouldbesenttoTom.,9)情态动词的被动语态can/may/mustbe+V.ppEg:你的作业必须被完成。Yourhomeworkmustbefinished.,四、句子种类,主+系+表主+动主+动+宾主+动+双宾主+动+宾+宾补,1)主+动+双宾的被动,Igiveyouabook.主动间接宾语直接宾语Youaregivenabook(byme).Abookisgiventoyou(byme).,2)“主+动+宾+宾补”结构的被动语态，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Theyturnedtheroomintoashop.,Theroomwasturnedintoashop.,主动宾宾补,3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等变为被动结构时，要加to.,Isawastrangerwalkintothebuilding,Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.,4)有些动词词组用于被动结构，要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,Thebabywaslookedaftercarefully.,Shelookedafterthebabycarefully.,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Apictureisbeingdrawn,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?,Thenewbookhasbeengiven,Shecannotfind,Issheoftenheardtosing,Hersonisntlettoswim,Theywerebuilding,Isthesongoftensung,1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold,A,C,A,4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken,D,C,B,C,8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt,B,D,A,C,12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout,B,C,A,D,16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaugh