2015-2016学年高中英语 Unit1 Cultural relics课外阅读课件 新人教版必修2

CulturalRelicsonTheirWayHome,Culturalrelicsasremnantsofhistory,areregardedasrecordsoftheriseandfallofanation.ManyChineseculturalrelics,whichhavebeenscatteredaroundtheworldoverthelastcentury,havestartedtoreturnhometothecollectionsofChineseculturalinstitutions,enterprisesandresidentsoverthepastdecade.,Readingpractice1:,ThiswaveofreturningartifactshasarousedissuesconcerningtheprotectionofChinasculturalheritageandthedevelopmentoftheantiquemarketinthecountry.Thehotartmarkethascontributedtothecurrenttidalwave,amongotherfactors,saidKouQin,assistantgeneralmanageroftheBeijing-basedChinaGuardianAuctionCo.,Morethan30percentoftheartworksappearingatthecompanysautumnauctionwerecollectedfromoverseas.ThecomingGuardianauctioncouldntbetakingplaceatabettertime.TheChineseartmarketshowedsignsofheatingupagainafortnightago,whenanalbumofflower-and-birdpaintingsbyChineseartistQiBaishi(1863-1957)hitacontroversiallyhighpriceof16.61millionyuan(US$2million).,Thepricewas10timestherecordpriceQisworkfetchedinglobalartcirclesin1998.Theriseinthepriceofartworkinitshomecountry,andtheforthcomingreturnofthecountrysrelicsfromoverseashavebeenanaturalresultoftheeconomicboom,saidZhangYongnian,directorofthenon-governmentalChinaCulturalRelicsRecoveryFund.,ItoccurredinJapanandtheRepublicofKorea(ROK)whenJapaneseandKoreanartpiecesbegantoreturnfromoverseasinthe1980sand1990s.Likeotherancientcivilizations,Chinahasseenmanyculturalrelicstakenoverseaswhenthecountrywassubjectedtowarsandinternationalbullying,saidZhang.,In1860,invadingBritishandFrencharmieslootedandburneddowntheOldSummerPalace,whichwasknownthenasthegardenofgardens.In1900,theinvadingBritish,American,German,French,Russian,Japanese,ItalianandAustriantroopssparkedlootingthroughoutBeijing,includingtheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,templesandmausoleums,governmentofficesandresidentialhouses.,ItemshousedinBeijingfromtheYuanDynasty(1271-1368)todate,fromhistoricalfilestonationaltreasures,havebeensweptaway,accordingtoofficialdocumentsfromtheQingDynasty(1644-1911).Ofthenumerousculturalrelicsthatweretakenoutofthecountryinthe100yearsaftertheFirstOpiumWar(1840-42),alargenumberarenowstoredatmajorpublicmuseumsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates,saidLinShuzhong,aprofessorwiththeNanjingAcademyofArts.Forinstance,relicsfromtheOldSummerPalacehavebeenshowcasedintheBritishMuseumandtheFontainebleauArtMuseuminFrance.,Therelicsthathavereturnedmostlycomefromindividualcollectorsandprivatemuseums,saidZhang.Zhangsaidtherearethreemajorwaysforacountrytorecoverculturalrelicsfromoverseascollections:toapplyinternationalconventions,topurchasethemandtogetthembackasdonations.,Difficulthomecoming,SomeChineseexpertsarguethatthecountryshouldstopbuyingpilferedculturalrelicsandsimplyaskforthemtobereturnedbyapplyinginternationalconventions.ChinasignedtheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)ConventionontheMeansofProhibitingandPreventingtheIllicitImport,ExportandTransferofOwnershipofCulturalPropertyin1970andtheInternationalInstitutefortheUnificationofPrivateLawConventiononStolenorIllegallyExportedCulturalObjectsin1995.,Readingpractice2:,Manysignatorycountries,suchasChina,EgyptandGreece,hopetorecoverculturalobjectsstolenfromtheircountriesunderthoseconventions.Butunfortunatelythecountrieswiththemostvaluableculturalrelicsfromothercountries,especiallydevelopingones,includingtheUnitedStatesandBritain,havenotsignedthetwoconventions.InternationalinstitutionshavemadeseveralmajordonationsandreturnedChineseculturalrelicstotheirhomesince1949.,In1951and1954theLeningradUniversity,theLeninLibraryandtheSovietUnionAcademyofSciencesopenedtheircollectionsandreturned64volumesofthe600-year-oldYongleEncyclopediatotheChineseGovernment.Chinahasalsoboughtculturalrelicsback,saidZhang.StatisticsprovidedbytheChineseSocietyofCulturalRelicsshowthatmorethan3,000culturalrelicscamefromoverseasin2002andweresoldinChina,butnostatisticsweregivenonwhethertheystayedinthecountry.,AmongthemalargepartwerebroughttotheChinesemarketbyauctioneers,accordingtosociety.Theshortageinrelicsuppliesspurredusontosearchoverseas,saidKouQin.Kousaidthatin1993and1994,thefirsttwoorthreeauctionhousesfoundedinBeijingsoldartworkswhichweremainlyconfiscatedfromhouseholdsduringtheculturalrevolution(1966-76).Theownersoftherelicscouldntbefoundaftertheturbulent10-yearperiod.,Someseniorcollectorsalsohadpiecesintheircollectionauctionedoffsothattheywouldbeabletomoveoutoftheirshabbyquartersintolargerandbetterhousesorapartments.In1996,thenumberofauctionhousesinBeijingwasmorethan20.However,artcollectorshavedeclinedtosellmorepiecesaftertheyhadmovedintolargerhouses.Theadditionalcashtheyearnedfromauctionshadfoundnoidealchannelforinvestments.,Meanwhile,State-ownedantiqueshops,amajorsupplierforauctioneers,couldprovidelessandlessrealrelics.Asthesupplyproblemsbecameapparent,theauctioneershaveturnedtopartsofthecountrytheyhadneglected,suchasEastChinasJiangsuandZhejiangprovincesandNorthwestChinasShaanxiProvince,andalsotooverseas.,Reclaimingculturalrelicsfromoverseas,CulturalrelicexpertsandNGOshavesetthewheelsinmotiontobeginreclaimingChinasnationaltreasuresfromabroad,saidanarticleinBeijingReview.Thefollowingareexcerptsfromthearticle:OnApril11,theChinaCulturalRelicsRecoveryProgramme,fundedbytheChinaFoundationfortheDevelopmentofFolkloreCultureannouncedalarge-scaleprogrammetoreclaimChineseculturalrelicsscatteredaroundtheworld.XieChensheng,aseniorculturalheritagepreservationexpert,said,Culturalwealthcanbesharedbythewholeworld,butnottheownership,justlikethepropertyrightsonsoftware.,practice3:,OwnershipoflostChineseculturaltreasuresshouldliewiththeChinesepeople.AlthoughsomenationaltreasureshavebeenrecoveredsincethefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChinain1949,thelarge-scaleprogrammerecentlyannouncedbytheChinaCulturalRelicsRecoveryProgrammeisthefirstofitskindinChina.,AccordingtoZhangYongnian,headoftheprogramme,heandhiscolleagueswillfocusonitemsthatwerestolen,excavatedorlootedandtraffickedabroadbetween1840and1949.StatisticsfromtheUnit