托 福 名 词(必须讲)

精选文库A.重要的可数名词discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind,resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose,style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, typeB. 常见的不可数名词 poem jewel a of furniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry,machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge,homework, evidence (that), foliage, advertising, healthC. 常见的不规则名词 be based on *tooth, foot 一定错 a man teacher ; 2 men teachers man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese,basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-laver,fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media,bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice,child-children = people , phenomenon-phenomenaD常见的单复数同形的名词aircraft, spacecraft 等 craft结尾的词 （an aircraft / ten aircraft）species, series, means(mean不加s不是名词) (a species / ten species )sheep, deer, trout（鳟鱼）, carp（鲤鱼）, salmon, fish-（two fish / a fish）1. 物质名词不可数：water, coal, rain, steel, sunlight = U nouns( excessive rains: 过量的雨水；a heavy rain 一场大雨；the rains: 雨季) 2. 抽象名词不可数evidence证据不可数，intelligence 不可数， advice 建议皆不可数3. 学科不可数mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics,mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry,philosophy, biology, history, ecology 4. 疾病不可数: measles, mumps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病)5. 总称不可数 machinery； weaponry； citizenry 鱼类一般单复同形6. 单数复数意义有差异的名词（可以不讲）sky-skies(气候) water-waters(水系，永远不错)good-goods(货物) part-parts(才能)custom=customs(海关) spectacle(风景)-spectacles(眼镜)letter-letters(文人) arm-arms(武器)force-forces (武装力量)7. 即可数又不可数的名词不可数 可数paper 纸 文件rock 碎岩 块岩brick 砖料， 砖块Stone: 石料， 石头sugar 砂糖 方糖work 作品；工作 著作；工厂，工程，工事room 空间 房间time 时间 倍数，时代* art： art 泛指艺术 不可数一种艺术 an art各种各样的艺术 artseighteen pieces of paper 十八张纸eighteen newspapers 十八种报纸此类：强调种类就属于可数二、名词作定语的单复数问题 a man teacher/ two men teachers(A)名词作主语，即noun.修饰noun.,前面的名词必须是单数color effects, employment agencies, sentence forms, tree trunks（干）例外：a sales girl, a sales taxa greetings card, a sports cara savings bank, a communications satellitea systems engineering, surroundings, clothes (B)man或woman修饰noun.时，其单复数应该同时变a woman boxer-women boxers, men teachers (C)表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室.时，只能用学科名本身修饰a mathematical professor 错 a mathematics professora biological textbook 错: a biology textbook the chemical lab 错 a chemistry lab the highest science award 错a mathematical model 对三、重要的限定词: 用在名词前面(A) many + 复数men, people, books much + 不可数n time, water 看见many 去找复数名词We have as many students as26. You can take as many students as you like. as much as 50 percent of the money不可数 不可数many和much可为代词many of., much of., .by many(B)some, any 后跟单/复数, 不可数/可数 均可some object 某一物体some objects 一些物体some money 一些钱 some time 也可作代词：some of., any of.(C)few/a few, little/a littlefew students / a few students a little English, little water +可数 +不可数few+复数(D)every/each + 单可each major styles 错each ten boys 对every four years 对(E)数词/several + 复数five aircraft 对several setting 错(F)one of/among + 复数* be considered (to be) +noun./adj.be regarded asbe viewed as(G)first/only/single + 单/复均可the first school 第一所学校the first schools 第一批学校a single + 单可= one a single student = one student no single + 复可(H)hundred, thousand, million, billionfive hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boysthousands of students, millions of (I)another + 单可 another person other + 复名(纯粹的other) other persons any other+ 单可 例外：other part .(part 永远对)(J) a number of + 复noun. + 复Verbthe number of + 复noun. + 单verbA number of students are interested in sports. The number of the students is 26. 限定词：(1)Many, a number of, a large number of, a great many, few, a few, A great many people / students (2) Much, a