高考虚拟语气详解PPT.ppt

GrammartheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,Wemetinthisroom.DocometothemeetingnextFriday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,英语动词有种语气,三,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。,ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood,虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。,If从句,主句,did（be用were),had+done,did（be用were)wereto+doshould+do,Woulddo(should/could/might),Would/should/could/might+do,Wouldhave+done(should/could/might),1.If引导的条件状语从句（1）,Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.,IfIwonthelotterynow,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.,现在事实相反,过去事实相反,将来事实相反,Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet,高手过招,IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehadIfit_tomorrow,Iwouldntattendtheparty.A.rainB.rainsC.hadrainedD.weretorain,注意:含有should的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.,（2.）省略if的条件从句IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.,WereItomeethimtomorrow,Shouldhefailintheexperiment,省略if的条件从句IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadesuchfoolishmistakes.,HadIfollowedyouradvice,（3.）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件句butthat（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）、undercircumstances（在的情况下）、inthepast（在过去）相当于ifitwerent/hadntbeenfor.e.g.:Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.,（4)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。e.g.:Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).Ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.,2.名词性从句的虚拟语气(1).Wish引导的宾语从句与现在事实相反：过去时（were）与过去事实相反：had+过去分词与将来事实相反：would/could/might+Ve.g.:IwishIwereabird.Iwishhehadntdonethat.(do)IwishIwouldberichinthefuture.,IwishI_tohaveawordwithDannywhenhewasherelastweek.,hadbeenableshouldbeablehavebeenablewereable,HowIwishI_aswellasshe.shallsingcansingcouldsingshouldsing,（2)表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气,宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire,WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.,注意：如果suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。HispalefacesuggestedthathewasillTheboyinsistedthathewasright.,1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.,obey,was,besent,（3）在主语从句表语从句，同位语从句中的应用1）在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。demand(要求),desire(请求),requirment(要求)advice(劝告),recommendation(建议),suggestion(建议)order(命令)necessity(必要地),preference(优先)proposal(计划),plan(计划),idea(办法)，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。,ThesuggestionthatthemayorpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryoneTheadviceisthatwe(should可省略，)leaveatonce.Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.(idea,should+get)(表示做出主意)Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,2）在主语从句中Itisimportant/necessary/strange/nature/desiredthatthat引导的从句中的谓语动词用should+v。Itisnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.Itisnaturalthatshebetakengoodcareof.Itisimportantthatweshouldtakecareofthepatient.,3.状语从句1)asifasthough引导的状语从句asifasthough（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句，a一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）b过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）cwoulddo（表示与将来事实相反）,YoulookasifyouhadseenaghostHelooksasifhewerehisfather.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.Heseemedasthoughhehadknowneverything.Itlooksasifitwouldbethelastdayforhim.Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.Note:如果句子表示的是陈述语气，事实则要用陈述语气e.g.:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorainbecausetherearealotofdarkclouds.,2)lestincaseforfearthat引导的状语从句lest（以防、以免）、incase（万一、以防）、forfearthat（因恐、免得）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（should）do的形式。Theoldwomanwalkedslowlylestshe（should）slipHetookenoughmoneyforfearthatunexpectedthingsshouldhappen.Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.,4.定语从句Its(about/high)time+从句，表示“该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建议,从句中的动词用一般过Itishightimewebegantowork.Weveenjoyedtheevening,butitstimewewenthome.Itsabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.,虚拟语气特殊句型：,5.ifonly,现在：过去：未来：,did（were）,haddone,woulddo,IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,6.wouldratherthat,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,did,did,haddone,1.Withoutsunlight,orwaterorair,there_nolifeontheearth.AwillhaveBwouldbeCcanbeDmustbe2Butforthesnow,we_earlier.AwillarriveBwouldhavearrivedCarriveDarrived,1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold,D,B,判断是否虚拟,2.判断虚拟类型,3.判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,1.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he_thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.boughtD.couldhavebought2.Ifweweretobe200yearsold,we_everything.A.willchangeB.canchangeC.couldchangeD.changed,Practise,3.Ifyou_thatfilmlastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.A.didntseeB.haventseenC.wouldntseenD.hadntseen,4.Youarelate.Ifyou_alittleminutesearlier,you_him.A.came,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.came,wouldhavemetD.weretocome,wouldmeet,5.Butforthestorm,we_apleasantjourney.A.shouldhaveB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.shouldhavehad6._todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI,7.Withoutthecomputer,theproblem_insuchashorttime.A.couldntbesolvedB.wouldnthavesolvedC.couldnthavebeensolved,8.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.willbeB.weretobeC.wouldbeD.is,9.“Youareveryselfish.Itshightimeyou_youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize,10.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept,11.Iadvisedthatyou_thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish12Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould,13.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo,14.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished15.Thecommanderorderedthatwe_work.A.mustfinishB.finishedC.shouldfinishD.couldfinish,16.Janespalefacesuggestedthathe_ill.AbeBwasCshouldbeDis17.Heinsistshe_right.A.wereB.wasC.beD.is,18.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry,19Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_atonceforIraq.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.tobeleft,20.Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting_.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff,21.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldnthavelosthisjob.(2010,天津)