动词和动词短语精品课件.ppt

一、常考的十类动词及词组1连系动词特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：(1)变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,come等。(2)感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel,smell,taste,look，sound等。,(3)状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove,turnout等。(4)外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear,look,seem等。2感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。常考的使役动词有make,have,let,keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：,Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapassenger.AputBtobeputtingCtoputDputting【解析】Dcatchsbdoingsth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doingsth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：feel,hear,have,get,see,watch,notice,observe,find,keep,leave等。,3.不用被动语态的动词及动词短语英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。(1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。这类动词有：sell,wash,write,last,read,wear等。如：Thisnewproductsellswell.这种新厂品很畅销。Thiskindofclothwasheswellandlastslong.这种布耐洗而且耐用。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。WritteninsimpleEnglish,thisarticlereadseasily.因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。,(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如：Thisshopopensmuchearlierthanitusedto.这家商店比过去开门更早了。Eachstoneweighstwotons.每块石头重达两吨。,(3)某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词及词组有：happen(发生),occur(发生),cost，takeplace(发生)comeout(出版)，turnup(被找到)，comeintobeing(产生)，cometoonesmind(想起)，comeintouse(开始使用),turnout(证明是)，comeabout(发生)，breakout(爆发)，belongto(属于)，comeup(被提出),beworth(值得做),betoblame(受责备)等。如：,ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。Suddenlyanideacametohismind.他突然想到一个主意。Whoistoblameforbreakingthevase?打碎花瓶应由谁负责？Theproblemfinallycameupatthemeeting.这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。Eventhebesttheorycanturnout(tobe)wrong.即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。,(4)“主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,heavy,fit,expensive等。如：Thephysicsproblemiseasytoworkout.这道物理题很容易算出来。Aguideisexpensivetoemploy.雇用向导花钱很多。Thiskindoffishisnotfittoeat.这种鱼不适合吃。,4接动名词作宾语的动词或词组常见的有：avoid,canthelp,cantstand,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,imagine,fancy,keep,mind,miss,practise/practice,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid等。如：Thebirdwasluckytoescapebeingcaught.这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。Heisalwayspractising/practicingplayingthepianoafterschool.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。,5接不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse，want等。如：Hecantaffordtobuysuchanexpensivecar.他买不起这么贵的车。Tommanagedtocutdowndozensoftrees.汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。,6表示“需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need,want,require等。如：Yoursickmotherneedslookingafter.Yoursickmotherneedstobelookedafter.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。7接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形，其中should常可省略。它们是：order,suggest,insist,advise,demand,request,require,propose等。如：PetersuggestedthatTomgothereatonce.彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。,Ourteacherrequiresthisbedoneinnotime.我们老师要求这个立刻完成。8表示“计划未能实现”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,think,want,suppose等。如：Ihadmeanttotellyouaboutityesterday,butthesnowstormpreventedme.Theyhopedtohavestayedthereaweek,buttheycouldntbecauseofanotherimportantmeeting.,9现在表将来类这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come,go,leave,start,arrive,move,begin,fall,see,stay,takeoff等。如：Yourplanetakesoffataquarterpasttwointheafternoon.你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。Iamcomingtothat.TheNationalDayisdrawingnear.10带介词to的动词短语带介词to的动词短语有：be(get)usedto,leadto,devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,adaptto等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.ing形式。,二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语1.以break为中心breakawayfrom脱离，逃离breakdown出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解breakin闯进，打断breakinto闯入；强行进入breakout爆发，发生breakoff打断，断绝，折断；突然终止breakthrough突破；克服breakup破碎；解散，分解；结束Theplan_justbecausepeoplewereunwillingtocooperate.A.turneddownB.pulleddownC.brokedownD.putdown,2.以bring为中心bringabout导致，引起，促使bringback带回，使回忆，使恢复bringdown使下降，打垮，击落bringforward提出；提前bringin把带进来；引进；挣得(收入)bringon导致，引起，使发展bringout使显现；出版bringup抚养，养育，培养*NowIdliketo_thequestionoffunds.A.bringaboutB.bringdownC.bringforwardD.bringin,3.以call为中心callat访问(某地)；停泊在callaway叫走；把(注意力)转移开callfor需要，要求；接(某人)，迎callin召集，收集；下令收回calloff取消，下令停止callon要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人)callout下令罢工；召唤出动callup打电话给；召集；使想起-CanIdothejob?-Imafraidnot,becauseit_skillandpatience.A.callsforB.asksforC.sendsforD.caresfor,4.以carry为中心carryaway冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑carryback拿回，运回；使想起carryoff成功地对付；获得(奖品)carryon坚持，继续，进行carryout贯彻，执行，实施carrythrough坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺)Theaudiencewere_byherbeautifulsong.A.carriedawayB.carriedonC.carriedoutD.carriedthrough,5.以come为中心comeabout发生comeacross偶尔发现；偶然遇到comeback回来；恢复，复原comeoff(头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开comeon上演；开始；赶快；发展comeout出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出comeover访问；突然感到comeround/around苏醒；拜访；再次发生cometoanend终止，结束cometolife苏醒cometolight明朗化，出现，显露出来cometooneself恢复常态,whenitcomesto就而论，谈到cometrue实现，成为现实comeup走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出*Whenit_tennis,youcantbeather.A.comeaboutB.comeacrossC.comeoutD.cometo*Isimplycouldntunderstandhowit_thatyoudidsomuchworkwithinsuchashorttime.A.cameacrossB.cameaboutC.cameupD.cameback*Thetruthwillsoonerorlater_.A.comeaboutB.turnoutC.comeoutD.giveout,6.以cut为中心cutaway切去，砍掉cutdown砍倒，削减，缩短cutoff切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡cutout切下，剪下，裁下；删去cutthrough开辟(出路等)cutup切碎，切掉；使悲伤*Eagertogetthin,Ruthhasdecidedto_meatentirelyforthreeyearsatleast.A.cutoffB.cutupC.cutoutD.cutdown*Jimmywasreally_whenallhisfriendsrefusedtohelphim.A.cutawayB.cutoffC.cutoutD.cutup,7.以fall为中心fallback撤退，后退fallbehind落后，落伍，落在后面falldown不够好fallinlovewith爱上fallinto陷入；养成falloff衰退，减少fallover被绊倒*Dontwalktooneartheedgeofthecliff(悬岩),youmight_.AblowoverBfalloverCcarryoffDcutoff,8.以get为中心getabout徘徊，走动；流传getacross使被理解getalong前进，进步；离去，相处getaround走动；传播getaway离开，逃脱getback取回，回来；报复getdownto认真对待，静下心来getoutof由出来，从得出；避免；放弃getover越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成getridof除去，去掉；免除，摆脱getthrough拨通；到达；完成；通过；及格getup起床，起立；忙于，从事,9.以give为中心giveaway赠送；失去；泄露/透露(秘密等)；背弃；颁发，分发giveback归还；还给；归还；使恢复givein屈服，让步，投降givesthin(tosb)呈上；交上giveintosb/sth向某人/某物让步；屈服于giveout分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽giveoff发出(光、烟、气味等)giveout用完，消耗尽；分发giveway(to)屈服于；给让路，为所代替giveup放弃；停止,【活学活用】(1)Believeinyourselfandnever_(屈服)(2)Theauthoritieshaveshownnosignsof_(向屈服)thekidnappersdemands.(3)Theroomis_(发出)amustysmell.(4)Theyare_(赠送)prizesatthenewstore.(5)Whatshallweuseforpowerwhenalltheoilintheworldhas_(用完)?(6)Thedoctorsdideverythingto_(使我恢复)theuseoflegs,butinvain.Wewillnever_(放弃)working,whateverhappens.Thenewsofthemayorscomingtoourschoolforavisitwas_theradioyesterday.Giveoutthenews意为“播报新闻”.,givein,givinginto,givingoff,givingaway,givenout,givemeback,giveup,givenout,10.以go为中心goabout开始做某事；忙于某事goacross度过，越过goafter追逐，追求，跟随goagainst反对，不利于goahead前进，进展，继续goalongwith陪伴，和一道走goaway离开，走掉goby经过，过去gofor支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿)gooff走开；爆炸,goon继续，接下去goout出去；熄灭；送出；播出goover温习，检查goround拜访；参观gothrough审查，履行；通过；经历，忍受gotoofar走得太远，做/说得太过火goup上升，上涨；攀登gowithout没有也行,11.以hold为中心holdback隐瞒；阻止；克制holddown压制；压低holdon坚持；等一等，别挂断holdonto抓住不放；不卖holdout伸出；提供机会holdup举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁*ThestorywassomovingthatIcouldhardly_mytears.A.holdupB.holdonC.holdontoD.holdback*Themailwas_fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.A.heldoutB.heldoffC.heldupD.helddown*Theteacher_excellentmodelsofcompositionsforherclass.A.heldupB.heldbackC.gotthroughD.gotup,12.以keep为中心keepaway(from)不接近，避开，远离keepback阻止，扣留，隐瞒keepinmind记住keepoff不接近，远离；避免吃(或喝、吸)某物keepout使不入内；不卷入keeppacewith跟上，同步调一致keepto坚持；固守，遵守keepup继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持keepupwith赶上，跟上，与并肩前进,13.以lay为中心layaside把放在一边；留存备用laydown放下；规定layoff(暂时)解雇；停止layout铺开，展开14.以leave为中心leavebehind留下，忘记携带；超过；永久离开leaveout省去，遗漏，不把计算在内leaveoff停止；中断leaveover留下，剩下leavealone不干涉，不打扰,15.以look为中心lookabout四下环顾；查看lookafter照顾，看管lookaround东张西望lookback回顾，回头看lookbackon/upon回顾lookfor寻找；期待，期望lookdownon/upon俯视；轻视lookforwardto盼望，期待lookinto窥视；调查；浏览lookon/uponas把看作,lookout向外看；注意；当心，提防lookoutfor当心，寻找，搜寻lookthrough透过看去；看穿；浏览lookup查阅；仰视lookupto仰慕，尊敬16.以pick为中心pickoff去除；选择(目标)射击pickout精心挑出，辨别出pickup接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到,17.以pull为中心pullapart拉开，分开pullaway开动pulldown拉下，拉倒；拆毁；使(价格)下降；使扫兴pullin（车船）抵达pulloff短暂停车；获得成功pullon（匆匆）穿上，戴上pullout驶出，离开pullthrough克服困难；恢复pullup停止；训斥,18.以put为中心putaside把放在一边；搁置；积蓄，攒钱putaway把放好，把收拾；储藏putback把放回原处putdown放下；镇压；记下putanendto结束，终止，废除putforward提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡putin安装；添上；打断putoff推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下puton上演；穿上；增加；开动,putonesheartinto全神贯注，专心致志putout熄灭，伸出，拿出putthrough完成；(电话用语)拨通；使穿过putup举起，挂起；提名，推荐；安排住宿putupwith忍受，容忍19.以send为中心sendaway解雇；赶走，把送往远处sendfor派人去叫(请、拿)sendoff发出，寄出；邮购，函购sendout发出，散发sendup发射；使上升；取笑,20.以set为中心setabout(doing)着手，开始setanexampletosb.给某人树立榜样setaside留出；放在一边；暂不考虑setback使推迟；使花费setdown放下，卸下；登记，记载setfree释放(某人)setoff出发；使爆炸；引起setout出发；发表；着手做某事setup建立，设立，开办；引发，产生,21.以take为中心takeafter仿效，与相似takeaway拿走，减去；消除takeback收回，取消takecareof当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎takechargeof负责，主管takedown取下；记下；拆毁;拆掉，拆除takein留宿；欺骗；吸收；理解takeintoaccount/consideration考虑，重视takeoff开始有成就(成名)；脱掉(衣服等)；(飞机)起飞；起程;(价格)打折；请假，休息takeon呈现；雇佣；承担，担任takeonesplace代替,takeout拿出，取出；去除takeover接管，接任；占上风takepartin参与，参加takeplace发生；举行takepridein以为荣，对感到骄傲takeup拿起；从事(某项活动)；继续做;占用(时间或空间)；takeapart把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开、拆散；(在体育运动或比赛中)轻易击败某人*Oursondoesntknowwhatto_attheuniversity；hecantmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.AtakeinBtakeupCtakeoverDtakeafter解析：选B。takein接受，吸收，理解，欺骗；takeup从事，参加，占据，继续；takeover接管；takeafter像。根据句意选B。,【活学活用】(1)ImsorryIwasrude;I_(收回)everythingIsaid.(2)Wefinditdifficultto_(理解)whathehastaught.(3)Thecompanydecidedto_(聘用)anewsecretary.(4)Whenthepicturewas_(取下来),thewalllookedverybare.(5)Wouldyoulikemeto_(接手)thedrivingforawhile?(6)BillGatesisreallyagreatman,whosecareer_(大获成功)inhisearlythirties.,takeback,takein,takeon,takendown,takeover,tookoff,(7)Englandwasreally_(彻底打败)byItalyinlastnightsmatch.Ill_(继续讲)thestorywhereIfinishedyesterday.(9)Wetriedtofindatableforseven，buttheywereall_(占据;占用).Theydecidedtokickhimupstairsandappointayoungermanto_(取代他)Nowadaysplastics_(取代了)manyconventionalmaterials.Mystudyofbiologyhas_(占据;占用)muchofmysparetime,butithasgivenmeagreatdealofenjoyment.,takenapart,takeup,takenup,takehisplace,havetakentheplaceof,takenup,22.以think为中心thinkabout考虑thinkofas把看作thinkout仔细考虑，想通thinkover仔细考虑thinkthrough想通；充分考虑thinkup想出；发明thinkhighly(well/alot/agreatdeal/much)of对评价很高thinkpoorly(little/badly/ill)of对评价不高;轻视，看不起singhighpraisefor对评价很高speakhighlyof对评价很高haveahighopinionof对评价很高,23.以throw为中心throwat把投向throwaway丢弃，浪费；错失(机会)throwoneselfinto投身于，积极从事throwout逐出；否决；散发throwup呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造*Everyday,people_alotofrubbish.A.giveawayB.throwawayC.cleanawayD.washaway*Whatapity!He_theonlychanceofsuccess.A.gaveinB.putdownC.threwawayD.brokeoff,24.以turn为中心turnaway把打发走，转脸不理睬turndown调小；驳回，拒绝考虑turnoff关上；拐弯；使厌烦turnon打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击turnout出席；证明是；向外；出现turnover翻转；转动turnround/around旋转，转过身来turnin上交(=handin)turnto转向，求助于turnupsidedown颠倒过来，翻过来*Themobilephoneyoulostyesterdayhas_.A.turnedinB.turnedoutC.turnedtoD.turnedup,1【误】Heislisteningtheteachercarefully.【正】Heislisteningcarefully.【正】Heislisteningtotheteachercarefully.【解析】学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。,3Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Jane_herjobasadoctorinthecountryside.AsetoutBtookoverCtookupDsetup【误】B【正】C【解析】对高频短语takeup的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事”。句意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。setout“出发，开始”；takeover“接收，接管”；takeup“拿起，开始从事”；setup“设立，竖立”。根据题意选C。,1Theworkers_theglassesandmarkedoneachbox“ThisSideUp”.AcarriedBdeliveredCpressedDpacked【解析】D考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。,2Thenewmovie_tobeoneofthebiggestmoneymakersofalltime.ApromisesBagreesCpretendsDdeclines【解析】A考查动词词义辨析。promise表示“允诺，答应”，“有的希望”的意思；agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。又如：Thegirl_tobeagoodteacherifsheiswelltrainedinanartschool.A.expectsB.promisesC.allowsD.wishes,3Whattheyoungmancant_isthathismumalwaystreatshimlikeababy.AsupportBundertakeCholdDbear【解析】D考查动词辨析。A意为“支持”；B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。4Wewanttorentabuswhichcan_40peopleforourtriptoBeijing.AloadBholdCfillDsupport【解析】B根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。,5.ThefilmAvatar(阿凡达)willbeontonightbutitsat1：30am.Idontwantto_thatlate.AstayupBshowoffCputupDgetoff【解析】A考查动词短语辨析。根据题干意思选A。stayup熬夜；showoff炫耀，卖弄；putup举起，建起，张贴；getoff下车，出发，脱掉。,6Howareyoumanagingtodoyourbusinesswithoutasecretary?Well,I_somehow.AgetalongBcareaboutCwatchoutDsetoff【解析】A考查动词短语辨析。getalong(勉强)生活，工作下去；careabout关注；watchout小心；setoff出发。7Ive_myumbrellaintheofficeandIllhavetofetchit.AforgotBleftCremainedDlost【解析】B根据句意，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。,8Dontletyourselfbe_intodoinganythingyoudontwanttodo.AtoldBmadeCtalkedDasked【答案】C9Thedesignsofthefewtoolsshouldbe_carefully,sothatwecanpickouttheonethatbestsuitsourjob.AtriedBexaminedCexperimentedDexperienced【答案】B,10Hecantbeathomenow,forIsawhim_inthegymjustnow.AgivingoutBworkingoutCcarryingoutDbringingout【解析】B本题考查短语辨析。giveout用完，分发；workout解决，锻炼；carryout实现，执行；bringout出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。,11SoHelen,arewegoingforthatChinesemealyoupromisedme?Well，Ikindofforgotto_，sowellhavetodoFrench.AconsultBorderCreserveDconfirm【解析】C由答语的“sowellhavetodoFrench”可以看出，这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的中国饭菜