高级软件工程课件-软件测试.ppt

TestingthePrograms,中国科学技术大学软件学院孟宁,2012年12月,Contents,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailures8.2TestingIssues8.3UnitTesting8.4IntegrationTesting8.5TestingObjectOrientedSystems8.6TestPlanning8.7AutomatedTestingTools8.8WhentoStopTesting,Chapter8Objectives,TypesoffaultsandhowtoclasifythemThepurposeoftestingUnittestingIntegrationtestingstrategiesTestplanningWhentostoptesting,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresWhyDoesSoftwareFail?,Wrongrequirement:notwhatthecustomerwantsMissingrequirementRequirementimpossibletoimplementFaultydesignFaultycodeImproperlyimplementeddesign,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresObjectiveofTesting,Objectiveoftesting:discoverfaultsAtestissuccessfulonlywhenafaultisdiscoveredFaultidentificationistheprocessofdeterminingwhatfaultcausedthefailureFaultcorrectionistheprocessofmakingchangestothesystemsothatthefaultsareremoved,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresTypesofFaults,AlgorithmicfaultComputationandprecisionfaultaformulasimplementationiswrongDocumentationfaultDocumentationdoesntmatchwhatprogramdoesCapacityorboundaryfaultsSystemsperformancenotacceptablewhencertainlimitsarereachedTimingorcoordinationfaultsPerformancefaultsSystemdoesnotperformatthespeedprescribedStandardandprocedurefaults,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresTypicalAlgorithmicFaults,AnalgorithmicfaultoccurswhenacomponentsalgorithmorlogicdoesnotproduceproperoutputBranchingtoosoonBranchingtoolateTestingforthewrongconditionForgettingtoinitializevariableorsetloopinvariantsForgettingtotestforaparticularconditionComparingvariablesofinappropriatedatatypesSyntaxfaults,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresOrthogonalDefectClassification正交缺陷分类,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresSidebar8.1Hewlett-PackardsFaultClassification,8.1SoftwareFaultsandFailuresSidebar8.1FaultsforoneHewlett-PackardDivision,8.2TestingIssuesTestingOrganization,Moduletesting,componenttesting,orunittestingIntegrationtestingFunctiontestingPerformancetestingAcceptancetestingInstallationtesting,8.2TestingIssuesTestingOrganizationIllustrated,8.2TestingIssuesWhoPerformstheTest?,DeveloperVerifyTestIndependenttestteamavoidconflictimproveobjectivityallowtestingandcodingconcurrently,8.2TestingIssuesViewsoftheTestObjects,Closedboxorblackbox:functionalityofthetestobjectsClearboxorwhitebox:structureofthetestobjects,8.2TestingIssuesWhiteBox,AdvantagefreeofinternalstructuresconstraintsDisadvantagenotpossibletorunacompletetest,8.2TestingIssuesClearBox,Exampleoflogicstructure,8.2TestingIssuesFactorsAffectingtheChoiceofTestPhilosophy,ThenumberofpossiblelogicalpathsThenatureoftheinputdataTheamountofcomputationinvolvedThecomplexityofalgorithms,8.3UnitTestingCodeReview,CodewalkthroughCodeinspection,8.3UnitTestingTypicalInspectionPreparationandMeetingTimes,8.3UnitTestingFaultDiscoveryRate,8.3UnitTestingProvingCodeCorrect,Formalprooftechniques形式化证明技术Symbolicexecution符号执行Automatedtheorem-proving自动定理证明,8.3UnitTestingTestingversusProving,Proving:hypothetical假想的environmentTesting:actualoperatingenvironment,8.3UnitTestingStepsinChoosingTestCases,DeterminingtestobjectivesSelectingtestcasesDefiningatest,8.3UnitTestingTestThoroughness,StatementtestingBranchtestingPathtestingDefinition-usetestingAll-usestestingAll-predicate-uses/some-computational-usestestingAll-computational-uses/some-predicate-usestesting,8.3UnitTestingRelativeStrengthsofTestStrategies,8.3UnitTestingComparingTechniques,FaultdiscoveryPercentagesbyFaultOrigin,8.3UnitTestingComparingTechniques(continued),Effectivenessoffault-discoverytechniques,8.4IntegrationTesting,Bottom-upTop-downBig-bangSandwichtestingModifiedtop-downModifiedsandwich,8.4IntegrationTestingTerminology,ComponentDriver:aroutinethatcallsaparticularcomponentandpassesatestcasetoitStub:aspecial-purposeprogramtosimulatetheactivityofthemissingcomponent,8.4IntegrationTestingViewofaSystem,Systemviewedasahierarchyofcomponents,8.4IntegrationTestingBottom-UpIntegrationExample,Thesequenceoftestsandtheirdependencies,8.4IntegrationTestingTop-DownIntegrationExample,OnlyAistestedbyitself,8.4IntegrationTestingModifiedTop-DownIntegrationExample,Eachlevelscomponentsindividuallytestedbeforethemergertakesplace,8.4IntegrationTestingBing-BangIntegrationExample,Requiresbothstubsanddriverstotesttheindependentcomponents,8.4IntegrationTestingSandwichIntegrationExample,Viewedsystemasthreelayers,8.4IntegrationTestingModifiedSandwichIntegrationExample,Allowsupper-levelcomponentstobetestedbeforemergingthemwithothers,8.4IntegrationTestingComparisonofIntegrationStrategies,8.4IntegrationTestingSidebar8.5BuildsatMicrosoft,Thefeatureteamssynchronizetheirworkbybuildingtheproductandfindingandfixingfaultsonadailybasis,8.6TestPlanning,EstablishtestobjectivesDesigntestcasesWritetestcasesTesttestcasesExecutetestsEvaluatetestresults,8.6TestPlanningPurposeofthePlan,Testplanexplainswhodoesthetestingwhythetestsareperformedhowtestsareconductedwhenthetestsarescheduled,8.6TestPlanningContentsofthePlan,WhatthetestobjectivesareHowthetestwillberunWhatcriteriawillbeusedtodeterminewhenthetestingiscomplete,8.7AutomatedTestingTools,CodeanalysisStaticanalysiscodeanalyzerstructurecheckerdataanalyzersequencechecker,Outputfromstaticanalysis,8.7AutomatedTestingTools(continued),Dynamicanalysisprogrammonitors:watchandreportprogramsbehaviorTestexecutionCaptureandreplayStubsanddriversAutomatedtestingenvironmentsTestcasegenerators,8.8WhentoStopTestingMorefaulty?,Probabilityoffindingfaultsduringthedevelopment,8.8WhentoStopTestingStoppingApproaches,Coveragecriteria覆盖准则FaultseedingdetectedseededFaults=detectednonseededfaultstotalseededfaul