2018年(高三)-语法填空解题技巧(给词类).ppt

英语语法填空解题探GrammaticalFillingPracticemakesperfect.熟能生巧。,EmmyPan,高中英语语法填空题解题策略语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。主要考查的知识点：一是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。从整篇布局来看，它的考点主要集中在以下三点：1词或者词组（名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、数词）2句子（谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词）3语篇（过渡词）,(1)给出提示词题型：用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有6-7个小题。包括动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。(2)纯空格题型：空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。这类题大约有3-4小题。,变,填,近4年语法填空题考点分布情况,必考词：谓非谓；形容词、副词；连词，从句引导词、名词；常考词：介词、代词、冠词,变,填,连词冠词介词副词代词,名词动词形容/副词,关连词(引导词）：三大从句(定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）which,that,who,although，what,why,where等并列连词：and,but,while,so,neithernor等强调句，倒装句中的连词,the;a+辅音音素；an+元音音素;抽象名词具体化success,surprise等,n.前;vi.后;定语从句介词+关系代词等,功能性连接副词：however,therefore,anyhow等修饰比较级的副词even，much等,不定代词;反身代词;物主代词;主/宾格等,单复数，名词所有格;与其它词性的转化,谓语：时态，语态，情态动词,虚拟语气等非谓语：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词,比较级、最高级;adj.adv.相互转化;adj.修饰n.;adv.修饰adj./adv./v.,解题步骤,1、跳读大意2、初填易题3、补填难题4、通读检查,HowtodealwithGrammaticalFilling?,就句子成分来说，涉及到的句子成分有：主语（形式主语），谓语，宾语（形式宾语），宾补，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语。考点1：主语（名词，代词，数词，do-ing，不定式，主从等）Recent_6_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_7_(regular).(2016年课标全国II)Ittookyearsofwork_5_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014年课标全国I),studies,toreduce,考点2：谓语（动词）Fastfood_7_(be)fulloffatandsalt;.(2017年课标全国I)Butatthemoment,school_9_(come)first.(2017年课标全国III)Whenfatandsalt_4_(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017年课标全国I)untiltomorrow_3_(be)oftenacceptable.(2016年课标全国II),is,comes,areremoved,is,考点3：宾语（名词，代词，do-ing，不定式，宾从等）Thistrend,hashadsomeunintendedside_2_(effect)suchas(2017年课标全国I)toavoidterrible_1_(crowd)ontheroads.(2017年课标全国II)influencedthe_8_(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016年课标全国III)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher_6_(educate).(2017年课标全国III),effects,crowds,development,education,考点4：表语（名词，代词，形容词，todo，do-ing，done，表从，介短）However,be_9_(care)nottogotoextremes.(2017年课标全国I)someofthemlookedveryanxiousand_3_(disappoint).(2014年课标全国II)考点5：宾补Theyarerequired_3_(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrom.(2017年课标全国I)主补,careful,disappointed,toprocess,考点6：定语（名词，形容词，todo，doing，done，介短，定从前置和后置）Sheisavery_3_(care)mother.(2016年四川)andidentifythoseof_1_(great)andlessimportance.(2016年课标全国II)Astudyoftravelers_8_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015年课标全国I)Theadobedwellings（土胚房）_1_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemost.(2015年课标全国II),carefulcaring,greater,(whichwas)conducted,built,考点7：状语（形容词，副词，介短，doing，done，todo，状从）Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_3_(create)specialdesigns.(2016全国课标III)Recent_6_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_7_(regular).(2016年课标全国II)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_10_theirhands.(2016年课标全国III),tocreate,gradually,with,考点8：同位语（名，不定代，数词，同从）Setasidethethought_1_youhavetofallasleep.(2015河北百校联盟3月模拟)（以上考点见5年高考，3年模拟P115-116）,that,就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：1Thiscycle_8_(go)dayafterday.（2015年课标II）2Thistrend,hashadsomeunintendedside_2_(effect)suchas(2017年课标全国I)3someofthemlookedveryanxiousand_3_(disappoint).(2014年课标全国II),goes,SV主谓,effects,SVO主谓宾,disappointed,SVP主系表,就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：4Sarah_3_(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel,.（2017年课标III）5Theyarerequired_3_(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrom.(2017年课标全国I)主补以上考点解释见5年高考3年模拟P117（其他特别句子后补）,hasbeentoldwastold,SVOO主谓双宾,toprocess,SVOC主谓宾宾补,语法填空题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，另一种为不给单词提示。下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究，总结出以下语法填空的解题技巧。,HowtodealwithGrammaticalFilling?,PartA:Howtochange?怎么变？(有提示词),语法填空给提示词解题技巧,1动词,谓语动词,非谓语动词,词性转换,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,1谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）2非谓语动词doing:having(been)done+beingdone,done:todo:tohave(been)done+tobedone3词性变化：名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,有提示词：1动词,技巧1：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,例1.Thefirstcard_(design)byJ.C.Horsleyasacommercialendeavor.例2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.例3.Nobodyknowswhat_(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.,wasdesigned,closed,wouldhavehappened,ItwasraininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015新课标）Yangshuo_(be)reallybeautiful.(2015新课标）Bepatient!TaiChi_(call)“shadowboxing”(太极拳）inEnglish.We_(tell)thatourroomshadalreadybeenreservedforthatweek,（2014广东）,高考链接,arrived,is,iscalled,weretold,building,Followed,seated,Tocomplete,A._(follow)bymanyfans，thesingerwalkedoutofthehall.B.Theworkers_(build)thebridgecamefromalloverthecountry.C.Wehope_(get)therebeforedark.D._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.E.Thefirsttimeshesteppedintotheroom,shenoticedastrangeman_(seat)nearthestove.,技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有转折或并列连词时，应该考虑此处考察非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，done形式，还是todo形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。,toget,1._(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.2.Thegirlscamein,_(follow)theirparents.3._(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.4._(give)moretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.,Seeing,following,Seen,随堂检测,Given,he,Thegirls,thecity,I,5.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.6.Nooneknowsthegirl_(stand)there.7.Iremembered_(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice.,watching,standing,tolock,people,thegirl,By_(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017年课标全国I)2.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017年课标全国II)3.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,_(use)twigs（树枝）toremoveit.(2016年课标全国III),高考链接,eating,laying,using,1ButTomknewfrompastexperiencethathis_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedhisfather.2,thosearoundherhadnotedher_(satisfy)withnotfinishingschool.,choice,技巧3：有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式,这时需要进行词类转换。（V-Adj;V-Adv;V-N）,(dis)satisfaction,Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher_(educate).(2017课标全国III）2.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop_(attract).(2016课标全国I）3,thosearoundherhadnotedher_(satisfy)withnotfinishingschool.4Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyouwillfeelarealsenseof_(achieve).(2016课标全国II）,高考链接,education,attraction,satisfaction,achievement,谓语动词,时态,语态,主谓一致,todo,doing,done,非谓语动词,Howtochange?,词性变换,不同考点各个击破,Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.3.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_(grow)upfromchildhood.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_(learn).Healwaysworkshard.5.DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?Hehadit_(fix),becausehedoesntknowmuchaboutcomputers.,feel,grow,tolearn,fixed,finished,6.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_(improve)inashortperiod.7.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself_(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.8.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow_(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.,improved,heard,saying,tosettle,10.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.11._(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.12._(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.13._(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.14.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.,moving,Walking,Havingwaited,BlamedHavingbeenblamed,tobetold,15.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.16.Youweresillynot_(lock)yourcar.17.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_(breathe).18._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.19.When_(ask)whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.20.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless_(water)everyday.,making,tohavelocked,tobreathe,Tocomplete,asked,watered,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,1AdjAdv的比较级或者最高级2AdjAdv的之间的相互转化3转化为其他词性,有提示词：2AdjAdv,harder,sweeter,Actually,gradually,例1.SoonCharliemadefriendswithPatrickandhisstepsisterSaraandthey_(gradual)becamefriends.例2._(actual),whatyousaidisreasonabletosomeextent.例3.Nothingcouldbe_(sweet).例4.Hejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.例5.Thehigheryoustand,the_(far)youwillsee.,技巧1：第一步，分析句子结构，确定设空处在句中做定语、表语还是做状语。第二步，根据结构、语境或句子意思确定填原级、比较级还是最高级，以及要不要加表否定或反义的前缀、后缀。技巧2：给出的ADJ或者Adv词性保持不变时，优先考虑比较级或者最高级；技巧3：有些词常给ADJ形式，然后用其副词形式，比如actual(ly),sudden(ly),complete(ly),gradual(ly),regular(ly),accidental(ly),natural(ly),farther,Tips:1比较级的标志：moreandmore;than;even;themore,themore;alittlealotfarmuch（比较级的修饰词）；两者里比较的那一个用比较级。,Tips:2最高级的标志：A:有范围(in，of，among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。如：Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。B:“oneofthe形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“中最之一”。如：BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大的城市之一。,C：选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如：Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？D：表示“第几个最”时，用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。,Even_(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017课标全国I）2.anditmusthavebeen_(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers.(2017课标全国II）3The.Railwaywasoneofthemost_(success)ofthesenewlines,andwas(2017课标全国II）4Itis_(certain)funbutthelifestyle.(2016课标全国III）,高考链接,worse,fairly,successful,certainly,5andidentifythoseof_(great)andlessimportance.(2016课标全国II）6.saysit_(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015课标全国I）andgiveoutthatthatheat_(slow)duringcoolnights,(2015课标全国II）,高考链接,greater,regularly,slowly,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,1N的单复数2转化为其他词性,有提示词：3N,insomanyChinese_(painting).(2015课标全国II）2.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew_(day)withhissistersothat.(2016课标全国I）3toavoidterrible_（crowd）(2017课标全国II）4As_(nature)architects,thePuebloIndians(2015课标全国II）,高考链接,paintings,days,crowds,natural,综合检测,Iwasdelightedandwasabouttoacceptherproposalwhenshesuggestedwefirst38_(go)totheWestLakeandwalkalongtheBrokenBridge.Peter_(leave)forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidntseehim.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_(repair)atthegarage.Iwentdownthere,_(pay)mypennyandgotareceipt.,paid,isbeingrepaired,hadleft,go,5.There,40_(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennieshertip!6.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft40_(complete)thetest!7.Mypupils,40_(in