主谓一致 就近原则.ppt

定义：谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致.,分类,1.语法一致：语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。2.意义一致：主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。3.就近原则：离谓语动词最近的名词决定,语法一致原则,1.不可数名词，动名词，动词不定式，单个从句做主语，谓语动词用单数。Thisinformationisveryimportant.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Thatheisimportantistrue.,由and链接两个主语,.由and链接两个主语,表达两个不同概念时,V复数,表达一个概念时，V单数,Theworkerandwriter_fromWuhan.那个工人兼作家(be)Theworkerandthewriter_fromBeijing.(be)那位工人和那位作家Breadandbutter_akindofdailyfoodintheWest.(be)Earlytobed,earlytorise_amanhealthy,wealthyandwise.(make),2)everyandeveryeachandeachnoandno,manyaandmanya连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasmadethesamemistake.,and链接两个完整的句子，谓语动词用复数；连接两个省略的句子谓语动词用单数。Whathesaidandwhathedidhavenothingtodowithme.WhatIdoandsayismyownbusiness.,3.N1+prep+N2谓语动词由N1决定with,alongwith,togetherwith,ratherthan,Aswellas,like/unlike（不像）,including,besides,except,but(除了之外),inadditionto(除了)1.Theteacherwithhisstudents_(be)playingbasketballnow.2.Theteacher_(be)playingbasketballwithhisstudentsnow.3.Tomratherthanyou_(be)hiredasmanagerofthecompany.4.Alibraryincluding5000books_offeredtothenation.,4.不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数something,somebody,someoneanything,anybody,anyoneeverything,everybody,everyone,thingsnothing,nobody,noone,neither,eitherAttention:none作主语时，谓语动词可单可复,有时需要参照表语Noneofthem_workers._aworker.,(2)All作主语时，指人V复全体人员，所有的人指物V单全部所有事物Allofmybrotherslikeplayingbasketball.AllIwantisaroomofmyown.ThisisallIwant.Translation：Allaresilent.Allissilent,5.Manya,morethanone+可数名词，V单e.g.Morethanonestudentwaslateforshool.Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.,6.this/akindof,atypeof,asortof,apairof,apieceof+n.V单twokindsof,twotypesofV复数即以这些名词本身的单复数而定。Thiskindofbookssellswell.Thispairoftrousersfitsmewell.Attention:Books(ofthiskind)sellwell.,7.oneof/theonlyoneof在定语从句中,需要先找出先行词。Heisoneofthestudentswho_lateforschool.(be)他是迟到的学生当中的一个。（迟到的学生不止一个）Heistheonlyone（ofthestudents)who_lateforschool.(be)他是学生当中唯一一个迟到的。（只有一个人迟到）,8.Oneortwo+可数名词复数V复One+可数名词单数+or+twoV单e.g.Onlyoneortwostudentsgotouniversityinthatvillage.Onlyonestudentortwogoestouniversityinthatvillage.,意义一致,表示数量，金钱，距离,时间等复数形式作主语时，看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Tenthousandyears_toolongatime.,在四则运算当中，一般情况下：谓语动词都用单数Twoandthreeare/isfive.Twoplustwoisfour.Tenminusfiveisfive.Twotimestwoisfour.2x2=4Tendividedbyfiveistwo.,2.The+adj.属于一类人，V复Thepoorliveamiserablelife.Theyoungarelively.3.有些学科名词虽然以s结尾，但是单数名词，V单Maths,physics,politicsMathsismyfavoritesubject.,4.用作书名，报名，国家名，地区名的复数名词看做一个整体，V单TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.5.all,both,part,half,rest，百分数等+of+n.谓语动词由n.的单复数决定Bothofthebooksareboughtforyou.Therestofthemoneyiscomingnextweek.,6.集合名词做主语，谓语动词分两种情况若强调整体，V单；若强调个体成员，V复注：family，group，class,team,government,army,club,publicOurclass_verybig.(be)Ourclass_listeningtotheirteacherattentively.(be),7.Police,people,cattle,trousers,clothes做主语，V复Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.8.Anumberof+n.V复大量的，很多Thenumberof+n.V单的数目,9.对于单复数同形的名词，要先根据上下文来判断名词的单复数，然后确定谓语动词的单复数。Deersheepmeansseriesfishworks(工厂)crossroads(十字路口)等等Everymeans_beentried.Allmeans_beentried.,plastics(塑料制品),manners,thanks（感谢）,goods（货物）,statistics（统计数字）,glasses（眼镜）,trousers（裤子）,shorts（短裤）,compasses(圆规)等，只用复数形式。Plastics_likemetal.（notrust）Manners_importanttohappyrelationship.(be),就近原则,定义：哪个名词离谓语动词最近，谓语动词就和谁保持一致Or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut(不是而是),Whethero