定语从句完整(高中英语)ppt课件VIP

AttributiveClauses定语从句,Page2,WhatisAttribute?,Heisanhonestboy.,Weloveourcountry.,Whatsyourtelephonenumber?,MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.,honest,our,telephone,inRussia,定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。,Page3,句子可以做定语吗？,昨天来参观我们学校的外宾来自加拿大。,_,Theforeigner,whovisitedourschoolyesterday,isfromCanada.,Theforeignervisitedourschoolyesterday.,Theforeigner,isfromCanada.,在句子中担任定语功能的句子是定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。,Page4,定语从句的概念,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。,_,_,什么是先行词？,什么是关系词？,定语从句的分类,Page5,定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。,什么是先行词？,Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。,Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。,Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。,_,_,_,Page6,定语从句的分类,限制性定语从句,根据定语从句与先行词间的关系紧密程度，定语从句分别分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,用来修饰和限定先行词，与先行词见的关系非常紧密，如果去掉则意思含混不清。,eg.Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeopleshealth.,医生就是照顾病人的人。,Page7,非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用，缺少它也不会影响全句的理解，译为汉语时常常不译作定语，而是根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句的关系那样紧密。非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开。,eg.LastmonthImetHolly,whowasthenpreparingforatest.,上个月我碰到了霍利，她当时正在准备进行一项测验。,Page8,什么是关系词？,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。,如果定语从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语等成分，则应该选择关系代词。,Thisisbook_Iwant.,Ishetheman_wantstoseeyou?,如果定语从句中缺少状语，则应该选择关系副词。,Istillrememberthetime_wefirstmetafewyearsago.,Icamearoundtoexplainthereason_Iwasabsentthismorning.,which/that,who/that,when,why,Page9,关系代词,Page10,who的用法,先行词必须是人，作主语和宾语e.g.Themanwhospokeatthemeetingthismorningisafamouslawyer.ThegirlwhoyousawjustnowisJane.作宾语时，可用whom,that替换,可以省略。,whom的用法,先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语e.g.Thisisthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenineasyEnglishbyourEnglishteacher.作主语时，关系词不可省略。Thepictures(which/that)hedrewinthe1980sareonshow.作宾语时，关系词可以省略。,Page11,which的用法,先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语,eg.Thisisthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenineasyEnglishbyourEnglishteacher.,eg.Thepictures(which/that)hedrewinthe1980sareonshow.,作宾语时，关系词可以省略,作主语时，关系词不可省略。,Page12,注意(whom&which)：,whom&which做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+whom/which+从句，此时whom&which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。,e.g.Thisisthemanfromwhomyoursonalwaysbegsmoney.Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood.,但当介词置于从句末尾时，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。,e.g.Thisistheman(whom/that/who)yoursonalwaysbegsmoneyfrom.,Page13,有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开，一般还是放在动词之后，不提前。,eg.Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.,动词短语是否可以拆分，关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不变，可以拆分，否则不行。,Page14,that的用法,that可作定语从句中的主语（取代who或which），宾语（取代who或whom或which）,关系代词作表语，必须使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。,e.g.Myfatherisnolongertheman(that)hewas.Myhometownisnotthesmalltownthatitusedtobetwentyyearsago.,that的特殊用法(必须使用that的情况或不能使用that情况).,Page15,必须使用that的情况,当先行词是人+事物时,e.g.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.Thepolicehadgreattroubleindivertingthemenandthecarsthathadblockedtheway.,当先行词跟在系动词be后作表语，或关系词本身作定语从句的表语时，关系代词必须用that，但也可以省略,e.g.Myfatherisnolongertheman(that)hewas.Hethoughthisdaughterwouldbethedancer(that)shealwayswantedtobe.Itsabook(that)willhelpyouagreatdeal.,Page16,当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词如thefirst,thelast等词修饰时。e.g.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstchoicethatIhavemade.SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthelastletterthatIreceivedfromhim.,当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,oneof,any,no,every,few,little等词修饰时。e.g.TheonlypersonthatseemstoknowthetruthisDoctorBrown.Anypersonthatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.Thereisnodifficultythatwecannotovercome.Ihavereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.,Page17,当先行词本身为不定代词如anything,something,nothing,everything,all,much,few,little,none,theone时。e.g.AllthatIwantispeaceandstability.ThereislittlethatIcando.ThereisnothingthatIcantellyou.IhavetriedeverythingthatIcanthinkof.Idonotmeanthisone.Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.注意：anybody,nobody,everybody等不在此列。,Page18,不能使用that的情况,当定语从句前有介词时，关系代词不能用that。that不能用于非限制性定于从句。当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those,指人时，用who。e.g.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.当先行词是he时，用who。(多谚语)e.g.Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburnt.Hewholaughsatlastlaughsbest.当先行词本身是that时，用which或who避免重复不能用于非限制性定于从句。e.g.Whatsthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?,Page19,whose的用法,whose作定语从句中的定语，表示所修饰的“某（些）人的”或“某物的”。e.g.TheboywhosenameisTomisthetopstudentinmyclass.Lookatthehousewhoseroofisred.,注意：,当whose指代物时，whose+从句结构=ofwhich+从句=ofwhichthe+从句e.g.Lookatthehousewhoseroofisred.Lookatthehouse,theroofofwhichisred.Lookatthehouse,ofwhichtheroofisred.,Page20,as的用法,1)as用于限制性定语从句soas；suchas；thesameas；2)as用于非限制性定语从句。代表所修饰的句子，作用相当于which，但比which多一层“正如”的意思。e.g.Sheisverycareful,as(=which)herworkshows.Itislikeasnake,as(=which)anybodycansee.但要注意，当as从句置于句首时，as不能由which取代。e.g.Ashehadhoped,hesawtheplay.,Page21,3)as的习惯用语asweallknow众所周知asiswell-known众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述aswehadexpected正如人们所预料的那样asanybodycansee正如人人都看到的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样,Page22,关系副词,Page23,when,where,why等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定