2006高中英语语法系列总复习--(非谓语)

2006年高考语法复习系列,非谓语动词,过去分词,不定式,V-ing形式,非谓语动词,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing.,disappearedB.seized.,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,从形式上记忆，从意义上理解，在运用中掌握,共同点：不定式，分词，V-ing形式都不能单独作句子的谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制；都还具有动词的特征，本身可带宾语或状语构成短语在句中起作用；都有时态，语态之分；构成否定式时，not都加在前面,不同点：在语法作用上，不定式和V-ing形式在句中起名词，形容词，副词的作用；过去分词起形容词，副词的作用在时态上，不定式表示将来发生的动作，表示已经发生或正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示完成的动作或存在的状态在词汇意义上，V-ing形式说明的是他人的感觉，过去分词说明的是自我的感觉,todo,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tobedoing,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,不定式todo,+ing形式,ing的复合结构：名/代(宾格)doing，名词所有格+doing,一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。,句子成分,Shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.Sheisacleverstudent.Sheaskedherfriendtocomehere.,二、非谓语动词的句法功能,(一)作主(宾)语时1.不定式作主语表示一个未来的、具体的动作。2.动名词做主语表示一般的、经常性的动作。2)IlikeswimmingbutIdontliketoswimtoday.,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些结构：A)在Itsnouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：Itsnousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较：Theresnoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Itseasy(difficult,hard,important,possiblecomfortable,necessary)后加forsb.todoItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)后加ofsb.todo,(二)作宾语1.下列动词和短语后面只能接不定式：,注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,wouldliketo等；注意2：动词know,show等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。,2.仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admitappreciateavoiddelayenjoyescapeexcusepreventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggeststandforgivekeepallowadvisepermitforbid但allow(advise,permit,forbid)sb.todosth.在动词want(need,require,demand)doingsth=want(need,require,demand)tobedone。,带动名词作宾语的词组有：be/getusedto,beworth,devoteoneselfto,feellike,getdownto,payattentionto,insiston,lookforwardto,leadto通向，导致,turnto转向，求助于,seeto处理照料,stickto,beopento愿意接受等.,英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义不同.,remembergoon,tododoing,tododoing,todo(遗憾要做某事)doing(后悔做了某事),forget,try,todo(设法)doing(尝试着做),regret,mean,todo(继续做另外一件事)doing(继续做同一件事),stop,todo(停下手中的事去做另外一件)doing(停止做正在做的事情),todo打算做doing意味着,8.canthelptodosth.不能帮助做ImsorryIcanthelptocleantheroom.,canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁做Theycouldnthelplaughingwhentheyheardthejoke.9.stopWestoppedworking.（宾语）Westoppedtohavearest.（状语）Westoppedworkingtohavearest.,(三)作宾补时1.不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程feel，see,lookat,notice,observe,watch，listento,hear等表示感觉、感官的动词have,let,make等“使役动词”变成被动语态时，to一定不能省略Iheardhimsingtwoforeignsongs.Paulsparentsmadehimstudy.Paulwasmadetostudy(byhisparents).,2.-ing形式作宾补:强调动作的主动,正在进行。Iheardhimsingingtwoforeignsongs.3.-ed形式作宾补时,强调动作的被动、完成1)Iheardtwoforeignsongssung(byhim).2)HewasdisappointedtofindhisTVturnedoff.havesb/sthdone让某人某事被makeoneselfdone使自己被Makemyselfunderstood(heard,seen),4.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.-Dontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(99上海)A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.(02上海春季)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting,D,B,A,特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop,2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带to的动词不定式的用法。,此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在从句中作do的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用peoplehaveacomputerdo这一结构。需要注意的是have的几个常用结构：havesb./sth.do;havesb./sth.done;havesb./sth.doing;havesb./sth.todo,B,A,4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(00N)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay,that引导的是定语从句，修饰plan，在从句中作see的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为seetheplancarriedout。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。,感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。,C,A,(四)作定语时1.不定式作定语通常表示未发生的Whoisthewomantoteachusgeographynextyear?=Whoisthewomanthatwillteachusgeographynextyear?(2)Ihavealotofthingstodo.=IhavealotofthingsthatIshalldo.,2.+ing形式作定语(1)表示它所修饰的名词的用途。如：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池adiningcar=acarfordining餐车(2)表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的、主动的动作如：asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping一个正在睡觉的小孩awomanreadingoverthere=awomanwhoisreadingoverthere3.-ed作定语表示一个被动的、完成的动作如：theworkdoneyesterdayadevelopedcountry,(五)作状语时1.不定式常作目的和结果状语多出现在:inorderto.,soasto.,so.asto.,too.to.,.enoughto.等结构中。如：Sheworkedhardsoasnottofailintheexam.Heissostrongastoliftaheavyboxveryeasily.Igotupearlyenoughtocatchthe650train.,2.-ing形式和-ed形式常作时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状语如：Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.=Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,theycouldhavegrownbetter.2.Thestudentsenteredthelecturehall,followingtheirteacher.=Thestudentsfollowedtheirteacherandenteredthelecturehall.,八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：1.-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees,C,A,D,1.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemeet3.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating,高考非谓语动词单选题,4.（2004年全国，30）Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_atthemeetingbymyboss.A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned5.（2004年江苏，31）Theoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked,6.（2004年福建，27）Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.（2004年浙江，29）LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,8.Mostofthepeople_tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.wereinvitedB.invitedC.inviting9.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcenturyA.havingwrittenB.writtenC.beingwrittenD.tobewritten,4._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5.TheOlympicGames,_in776A.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying6.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIHadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.payB.payingC.paidD.topay8.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake9.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tostudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,10.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake11.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”readB.readsC.toreadD.reading12.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexp