英语修辞手法.ppt

FiguresofSpeech,英语修辞,Figuresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.,Commonformsoffiguresofspeech,1.simile2.metaphor3.personification4.metonymy5.synecdoche6.irony7.epigram(paradox)8.repetition9.antithesis10.parallelism11.euphemism12.transferredepithet13.oxymoron14.alliteration15.hyperbole16.litotes17.anti-climax18.assonance19.periodicsentence20.rhetoricalquestion21.onomatopoeia22.pun23.antonomasia24.analogy,1.Simile(明喻),acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon1.用likeThewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephantsskin.Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.,2、用as表示Everytreeandeverybranchwasencrustedwithbrightanddelicatehoarfrost,whiteandpure,assnow,delicateanddefinedascarvedivory.Hisfacewasasgreyasashes.Asthelioniskingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds.3、用what表示Whatlightistotheeyeknowledgeistothemind.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Judiciouspraiseistothechildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.,2.Metaphor(暗喻),acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstatedSnowclothestheground.Theshipploughedthesea.Alltheworldisastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.Heswambravelyagainstthetideofpopularapplause.mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnationsheart,3.Personification(拟人),afigurethatendowsobjects,animals,ideas,orabstractionswithhumanform,character,orsensibilityLifedealthimprofoundpersonaltragedies.theriverhadacquaintedhimwith.toliteraturesenduringgratitude.Bitternessfedontheman.Americalaughedwithhim.TheMiddleEasterbazaartakesyou.Thewindowwinkedatme.dancingflashes,4.Metonymy(换喻)(借代）,afigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociatedInJapanthereisanincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.heart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reason,Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:,a.NamesofpersonsUncleSam:theUSAb.Animalsthebear:theSovietUnionthedragon:theChinese(afightbetweenthebearandthedragon)c.Partsofthebodyheart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonShewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.greyhair:oldage,d.Profession:thepress:newspapers,reportersetc.HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.thebar:thelegalprofessione.locationofgovernment,businessetc.DowningStreet:theBritishGovernmenttheWhiteHouse:theUSpresidentandhisgovernmenttheCapitolHill:USCongressWallStreet:USfinancialcirclesHollywood:Americanfilmmakingindustry,Letsgotobednow.(bed-sleeping)Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.(cradle-birth,grave-death)Hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.,5.Synecdoche(提喻),withpartrepresentingthewholeorviseversaTwoheadsarebetterthanone.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Thefootballmatchwasaclosecontest.Intheend,Chinawon.Theworldknowshisworth.Thecitypostedasign,whichturnedouttobeverycontroversial.,6.Irony(反语),afigureofspeechinwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressedistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humourorsarcasmHiroshima-theLiveliestCityinJapanEachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromearthlycarescongratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtmemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcentury,7.Epigram(paradox)(警句)(隽语）,abrief,pointedsayingthathasthenatureofaproverbThebestepigramsarethoseinwhichthereisanapparentcontradictionbetweentheintendedmeaningandtheformoftheexpression.Likeantithesis,epigramisbasedoncontrast.Businessisbusiness.(Friendshipisfriendship.),Homeishome,beiteversohomely.(EastorWest,homeisbest.)Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.IgnoranceisthecurseofGod,knowledgethewingwherewithweflytoheaven.Thedayhaseyes,thenighthasears.Asnowyear,arichyear.Wordsarewomen,deedsaremen.Onehastobecrueltobekind.Warispeace.Freedomisslavery.Ignoranceisstrength.Morehaste,lessspeed.,Howyoungaretheold?Thechildisfatheroftheman.(Wordsworth)Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.多施多得。Amanwhoisfullofhimselfisempty.(Donne),8.Repetition(重复),Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurposenothingwillturnus-nothingWewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate.Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclarationasweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly,9.Antithesis(对偶),thedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasisManyarecalled,butfewarechosen.Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.Manproposes,Goddisposes.Deedsshowwhatweare,words,whatweshouldbe.betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever,10.Parallelism(排比),useofparallelpartsofrelevantmeaningsandsimilarstructurestoemphasizeorrenderdepthtothenarrationThepast,withitscrimes,itsfollies,anditstragedies.Isee,.Isee.thereturnofthebread-winner,oftheirchampion,oftheirprotectorWeshallfighthimbyland,weshallfighthimbysea,weshallfighthimintheair,11.Euphemism(委婉语),thesubstitutionofanagreeableorin-offensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggeststhunpleasantHewassentencedtoprison-Heisnowlivingatthegovernmentsexpenses.Hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironmensfinalreleasefromearthlystruggle.Theboyisabitslowforhisage.,12.Transferredepithet(移就),anadjectiveusedtolimitanounwhichitcannotlogicallymodifyIspentsleeplessnightsonmyproject.TheU.S.hasnowsetupalonelinessindustry.DarrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderasHemadehimselfaprofoundlybadcupoftea.Instantlyfromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.,13.Oxymoron(矛盾修辞),formedbyconjoiningoftwocontrastingtermsMalonecalledmyconvictionavictoriousdefeat.bittersweetmemoriesproudhumilityorderlychaosadamnedsaint,cruelkindness害人不浅的仁慈（残忍的仁慈）laboriousidleness令人腻烦的闲散（辛苦的闲散）painfulpleasure悲喜交集（痛苦的喜悦）,Theparentaldisciplinecanbedescribedascruelkindness.Sheisacleverfool.Heisacheerfulpessimist.Hewaspuzzledathercruelkindness.,It(NewYork)hasthepoorestmillionaires,thelittlestgreatmen,thehaughtiestbeggars,theplainestbeauties,thelowestskyscrapers,thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw.(O.Henry:TheDuel)心灵最空虚的百万富翁（最贫困的百万富翁）人格最渺小的伟人（最矮小的伟人）最目空一切的草包（最目空一切的乞丐）最使人瞧不上眼的美女（最普通的美女）最卑鄙龌龊的摩天大楼（最低矮的摩天大楼）最令人悲哀的娱乐（最令人悲哀的欢乐）,14.Alliterationorfrontrhyme(首字母押韵),therepetitionofaninitialsoundthatisusu.aconsonantintwoormoreneighbouringwordssliptoastoptestedandtreated.theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothstayedathomeSpeechissilver;silenceisgolden.,15.Hyperbole(夸张),adeviceofcomparisonusingexaggerationorobviousoverstatementforcomicordramaticeffect.takesyou.hundredseventhousandsofyearsinnumerablelampsincrediblyyoungwiththedustofcenturies:.cruisethrougheternalboyhoodand.endlesssummeroffreedom.Thecastofcharacters-acosmos.,Thebagweighedaton.Youcannotcarryitwithyou.Theymurderedusatthenegotiatingsession.Ihaveaseaofsentimentsandaworldofwordstospeaktohim,butfailtotellthemwithmypoorpen.,16.Litotesorrhetoricalunderstatement(含蓄表达),theoppositeofhyperbole,whichcontainsanunderstatementforemphasis,frequentlywithanegativeassertion,oftenusedwithironicalintentionsIshantbesorrywhenitsover.(Ishallbeveryglad)Itsnolaughingmatter.(Itsveryserious.)Heisnomeanscholar.(Hesagoodscholar.)Wearenotunpreparedforthewar.,17.anti-climax(突降法),thesuddenappearanceofanabsurdortrivialideafollowingaserioussignificantideasandsuspensions.Thisdeviceisusu.aimedatcreatingcomicorhumorouseffects.atownknownthroughouttheworldforits-oystersThedutiesofasoldieraretoprotecthiscountryandpeelpotatoes.,18.Assonance(押尾韵),theuseofthesameorrelated,vowelsoundsinsuccessivewordsclanking,heel-clicking,cowingandtying.ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,.smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping.easierandsaferpreywhenbigotslightedfaggotstoburn.,19.periodicsentence(掉尾句)(圆周句）,toleavethemostimportantpartattheendofthesentencesoastokeeptheaudienceinsuspenseItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofafortunemustbeinwantofawife.WhenIawokeon.invasionofRussia.IfHitlerimaginesthat.woefullymistaken.AnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.,20.Rhetoricalquestion(修辞问句),aquestionthatneedsnoanswer,butusedforemphasisWasInotatthesceneofthecrime?butcanyoudoubtwhatourpolicywillbe?,21.Onomatopoeia(拟声词),wordsimitatingthesoundsassociatedwiththethingconcernedThepatientgroanedashewasliftedontothestretcher.Thehingeofthedoorneedsoiling,itcreakseverytimeitisopened.Thetickingoftheclockwastheonlysoundthatgreetedhim,fornotasoulremained.withitsclanking,heel-clicking,dandifiedPrussianofficers,Iamhungry,mystomachisrumbling.,22.Pun(双关语),aplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwordsDarwinisright-inside.Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.A:Whyareparliamentaryreportscalled“BlueBooks”?B:Becausetheyareneverred(read).A:Whatisthemostcontradictorysignseeninthelibrary?B:Tospeakaloudisnotallowed(aloud).,23.Antonomasia换称,与借代、典故相似，但它所使用的专用名词却常涉及历史上或文学作品中的著名人物与事件。1.用专名词代替普通名词(1)Soloman,Zhugeliang-awiseman(2)Judas-atraitor(3)UncleTom-aNegrowhocompromisesandconformswiththeWhites(4)JimGrow-blackpeople(5)Romeo-love情郎,ItmaybecalledtheWestLakeofourprovince.ImsureheisourfutureNewton.ADanielhascomet