人大版研究生英语提高级ppt课件

.,Lesson7,AChristmasSermonOnPeace,.,CATALOGUE,IntroductiontotheAuthor,DiscourseAnalysis,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,LanguagePoints,KeystoExercises,OralPracticethroughDebate,text,IHaveADream,.,IntroductiontotheAuthor,King,MartinLuther,Jr.(1929-1968)wasU.Scivilrightsleader.BorninAtlanta,hebecameanadherentofnon-violencephilosophieswhileincollege.OrdainedaBaptistministerin1954,hebecamepastorofachurchinMontgomery,Atlanta.,.,HereceivedhisdoctoratefromBostonUniversityin1955.HewasselectedheadoftheMontgomeryImprovementAssociation,whoseeffortssoonendedthecityspublictransportsegregationpolicies.,IntroductiontotheAuthor,.,IntroductiontotheAuthor,In1957,heformedtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConference(南方基督教领导会议)andbeganlecturingnationwide,urgingactivenonviolencetoachievecivilrightsforblacks.,.,IntroductiontotheAuthor,In1960,hereturnedtoAtlantatobecomecopastorwithhisfatherofEbenezerBaptistChurch.Hewasarrestedforprotestingsegregationatachurchcounterandjailed.,.,DiscourseAnalysis,Part1:,Thetimehascomeforpeacenowthetimehascomeformantoexperimentwithnonviolenceinallareasofhumanconflict,andthatmeansnonviolenceonaninternationalscale.,Para.1-2,.,Part2:,Para.3-9,A.Para.3-5Ifwearetohavepeaceonearth,ourloyaltiesmustbecomeecumenicalratherthansectional.Ourloyaltiesmusttranscendourrace,ourtribe,ourclass,andournation;andthismeanswemustdevelopaworldperspective.,DiscourseAnalysis,Theconditionsforachievingpeace:,.,C.Para.9Ifwearetohavepeaceonearthandgoodwilltowardsmen,allmustalsobeconcernedaboutthenonviolentaffirmationofthesacrednessofallhumanlife.,DiscourseAnalysis,.,OralPracticethrough,Discussion:QuestionsandAnswers:,Q1:Whydoestheauthorsay“ThisChristmasseasonfindsusaratherbewilderedhumanrace?”,A1:Wehaveneitherpeacewithinnorpeacewithout.Everywhereasakindofpiousdreamofsomeutopian.(Seeline1-5para.1),.,Q2:Whyisitimportantthatwehavegoodwilltowardallmeninthisworld?,A2:Ifwedonthavegoodwilltowardmeninthisworld,wewilldestroyourselvesbythemisuseofourowninstrumentsandourownpower.,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q3:Whydoestheauthorsay“GoodWilltowardMan”insteadofsaying“GoodWilltowardGoodMan”?,A3:(Suggestedanswer)Whoaregood?Whoareevil?WhoknowsbutGodknows.MaybeGodhadthepowertomakejudgments.Menonearthhavenorighttojudgeoneanother.JustastheBiblesays(NewTestamentLuke6:37)“Judgenot,andyeshallnotbejudged.”,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q4:Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardwar?,A4:Wisdombornofexperienceshouldtellusthatwarisobsoletethenwemustfindanalternativetowar.(line7-12,para.1),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q5:AccordingtoKing,whyispeaceonearthamoreurgentquestioninourtimethaninthepast?,A5:BecausepeoplefindthemselvesratherbewilderedinthisChristmasseason.Theyfeelnopeaceandtranquilitybuthauntingfearsintheirinnerheart.Warislikelytobreakoutatanymoment.SomepeoplemayevendismisstheChristmashopeforpeaceandgoodwilltowardallmenasakindofpiousdreamofsomeutopian.Therefore,peaceonearthbecomesamoreurgentquestioninourtimethaninthepast.,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q6:Howistheideaofnonviolencerelatedtothisurgency?,A6:Becausesomemayarguethatwarcanserveasanegativegoodbypreventingthespreadandgrowthofanevilforce,buttheverydestructivepowerofmodernweaponsofwarfareeliminateseventhepossibilitythatwarmayanylongerserveasanegativegood.Thus,warandviolenceshouldgivewaytononviolentmeansforpeaceonearth.,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q7:Whydoestheauthorsuggestthatmodernmengoallouttostudythemeaningofnonviolence,itsphilosophyanditsstrategy?,A7:Theauthorbelieveswarisobsoleteandcannolongerserveasanegativealternativegoodthatcanpreventthespreadandgrowthofallevilforce.AnalternativetowarmustbefoundtheChristianhopeofpeaceonearthandgood-willtowardsallmen.Accordingtotheauthor,nonviolenceistherightwaytorealizethisChristianhope.,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q8:Whatdoestheauthormeanby“nonviolenceonaninternationalscale”?,A8:WehaveexperimentedwiththemeaningofnonviolenceinourstruggleforracialjusticeintheUnitedStatesnonviolenceonaninternationalscale.(para.2),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q9:Whatmustwedoifwearetohavepeaceonearth?,A9:Ifwearetohavepeaceonearth,ourloyaltiesmustbecomeecumenicalratherthansectionalandthismeanswemustdevelopaworldperspective.(line1-2,para.3),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q10:Whyshouldwehaveaglobalperspective?,A10:Noindividualcanlivealoneorwearegoingtoperishtogetherasfools(line3-6,para.3;line1,para.4),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q11:WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioninghisexperienceinBombayandCalcutta?,A11:Asnationsandindividuals,weareinterrelatedandinterdependent.Whateveraffectsonedirectly,affectsallindirectly.(para.5),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q12:Inwhatwaydoestheauthordemonstratehispointthatnationsandindividualsareinterdependent?,A12:Bygivingvividexamplestoshowthatwearemadetolivetogetherbytheinterrelatedstructureofouruniverse.(para.5),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q13:Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsendsandmeans?,A13:Endsandmeansmustcohere.(para.6),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q14:Whyendsandmeansmustcohere?,A14:Becausemeansrepresenttheidealinthemakingtheendrepresentsthetree.(line6,para.7),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q15:InwhatwayweretheconquerorsofoldsuchasAlexander,JuliusCaesar,Charlemagne,andNapoleonsimilartooneanother?,A15:Theywereakininseekingtheendofpeacethroughthemeansofwar.(line3,para.8),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q16:Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardshumanlife?,A16:AllhumanlifeissacredbecausemanisachildofGodmadeinHisimageandthereforemustberespectedasmuch.(lines2and3,para.9),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q17:Whatistheauthorsviewonthebrotherhoodofallmenonearth?,A17:InChristthereisneitherJewnorGentile;inChristthereisneithermalenorfemale;inChristthereisneitherCommunistnorCapitalist;inChristthereisneitherboundnorfree.WearealloneinChristJesus.(line12,para.9),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q18:Whatshouldwedowhenwetrulybelieveinthesacrednessofhumanpersonality?,A18:Whenwetrulybelieveinthesacrednessofhumanpersonality,wewontexploitpeople;wewonttrampleoverpeoplewiththeironfeetofoppression;wewontkillanybody.(thelast3lines,para.9),OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q19:WhatarethemessagesKingintendstoimpartinhisChristmassermon?,A19:*PeaceonEarth,GoodWilltowardMen*Warisobsolete.*Alllifeisinterrelated.*Endsandmeansmustcohere.Wemustpursuepeacefulendsthroughpeacefulmeans.*Allhumanlifeissacred*AllmenoneartharebrothersorsistersbecausewearealloneinChristJesus.,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,Q20:WhatarethethreeconditionsKingsuggestsasessentialtopeaceamongmen?Howdoesheexplainandillustrateeachcondition?,A20:Ifwearetohavepeaceonearth,first,ourloyaltiesmustbecomeecumenicalratherthansectional;secondly,menandnationsmustembracethenonviolentaffirmationthatmeansandendsmustcohere;andthenextthingwemustbeconcernedaboutisthenonviolenceaffirmationofthesacrednessofallhumanlife.Theauthorillustratestheseconditionsthroughpersuasiveaugmentsandvividexamples.,OralPracticethroughDiscussion,.,LanguagePoints,1.ThisChristmasseasonfindsusaratherbewilderedhumanrace.(line1;par.1):,Wefindourselvesratherbewildered(confusedandnotcertainwhattodo)inthisChristmasseason.,find:Ifaparticulartime(oftheday)findssomeonedoingsomethingortobeinacertaincondition,thatpersonisdoingthethingmentionedorinacertaincondition;aratherliteraryuse发现某人正在做某事或处于某种状态1;par.1):,.,星期日下午，安德鲁舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅里打瞌睡。,SundayafternoonfoundAndrewsleepinghappilyinthearmchair.,她每天早晨都舒适地蹲坐在自己的茅屋前面。,Everymorningfoundhersquattedcomfortablybeforeherhut.,LanguagePoints,星期一早晨汤姆一副可怜相。,MondaymorningfoundTommiserable.,2.Everywhereparalyzingfearsharrowpeoplebydayandhauntthembynight.(line2-3,para.1):,.,Everywherepeoplearedistressedanddisturbedbystunningfeardayandnight.,paralyze:tomakesomeoneunabletothinkorbehavenormally,especiallybyfrighteningthem;stun(尤指通过恐吓)使丧失正常思考或行为能力，使吓呆；吓瘫；呆若木鸡,他被自己看到的景象吓呆了。,Whathesawlefthimparalyzedwithfright.,LanguagePoints,恐惧使我头脑发呆。,Fearparalyzedmymind.,.,她吓得目瞪口呆。,Shewasparalyzedwithterror.,harrow:torment,vex折磨；使苦恼；痛苦,他讲鬼故事使我们不安。,LanguagePoints,Heharroweduswithataleofghosts.,那次船难是一个惨痛的经历。,Theshipwreckwasaharrowingexperience.,那是一次折磨人的面试。,Itwasaharrowinginterview.,.,难听的话伤了她的感情。,Harshwordsharrowedherfeelings.,她既伤心又着急。,LanguagePoints,Shewasharrowedwithgriefandanxiety.,haunt:disturb,plague;makesomeonefeelworriedandupsetforalongtime萦绕在心头;缠绕，使担忧，苦恼,卡罗琳因担心患癌而老是提心吊胆。,Carolinewashauntedbyafearofcancer.,.,战争的影像仍萦绕在他的脑海。,Imagesfromthewarstillhaunthim.,这是一个使我们大家都担忧不止的问题。,Thisisaproblemthathauntsallofus.,LanguagePoints,那个迷困扰了我大半辈子。,Themysteryhadhauntedmeformostofmylife,作恶者经常心中害怕被发觉,Awrongdoerisconstantlyhauntedbythefearofdiscovery.,.,3.theChristmashopeforpeaceandgoodwilltowardallmencannolongerbedismissedasakindofpiousdreamofsomeutopian.(line4-5,para.1):,theChristmashopeforpeaceandgoodwilltowardallmencannolongerberejectedasakindofimpractical(unrealistic)religiousdream.,dismiss:rejectseriousconsiderationof不再考虑，拒绝考虑；摒弃；不理会,这些问题不能再置之不理了。,LanguagePoints,Theproblemscannolongerbedismissed.,.,我们不应该仅仅因为它们是老式的而不予考虑。,Weshouldntdismissthemjustbecausetheyareold-fashioned.,这部长矢口否认收受了贿赂。,Theministerdismissedclaimsthathehadacceptedbribes.,LanguagePoints,dismisssth.assth.,他们的证据被认定毫无价值而不予采用。,.,Theirevidencewasdismissedascompletelyworthless.,我并没有把这件事情看作是不值得做的事情而不加理会。,Iamnotdismissingthisasathingthatwasntworthdoing.,4.Wisdombornofexperienceshouldtellusthatwarisobsolete.(line7,para.1):,LanguagePoints,Wisdomderivingfromexperienceshouldtellusthatwarisnolongerdesirable(old-fashioned).,.,bornof:derivingorresultingfrom来源于，来自；由产生,绝望带来的力量使他强行打开了门。,Withastrengthbornofdesperation,heforcedopenthedoor.,他以毕生实践获得的速度与技术完成了这一工作。,LanguagePoints,Hedidthejobwiththespeedandexpertisebornofalifetimeofpractice.,布罗迪动怒了那是因挫折和羞辱而产生的一种恨怒。,Brodywasgrowingangryanangerbornoffrustrationandhumiliation.,.,有知识才有信心。,Confidenceisbornofknowledge.,有些人认为犯罪是贫穷造成的。,LanguagePoints,Somepeoplebelievethatcrimeisbornofpoverty.,5.modernmanreallygoallouttostudythemeaningofnonviolence,itsphilosophyanditsstrategy.(line15-16,para.1),.,modernmanreallytryashardastheycantostudythemeaningofnonviolence,itsphilosophyanditsstrategy.,goallouttodosth./forsth.:toputallyourenergyanddeterminationtogetorwinsomething尽最大的努力奋斗；全力以赴；竭尽全力地去奋斗,总部设在英国的公司尽最大的努力确保海外合同。,LanguagePoints,UK-basedcompaniesaregoingallouttosecureoverseascontracts.,.,我们会竭尽全力在星期六的比赛中大获全胜。,WearegoingalloutforabigwininSaturdaysgame.,他决心全力以赴地去完成任务。,LanguagePoints,Hedecidedtogoallouttofulfillthetask.,别相信那人，他只不过是想尽法子去保证他所需要的一切而已。,Donttrustthatman.Hejustgoesalloutforanythinghecanget.,.,我们会全力以赴去完成今年的销售指标。,Wearegoingallouttomeetoursalestargetthisyear.,6.Itreallyboilsdowntothis.(line1,para.5):,LanguagePoints,Itreallymaybesummarizedasthis.,boildownto:besummarizedas归结为,这一切归结起来似乎就是一个“钱”字.,Whatitallseemedtoboildowntowasmoney.,.,归根结底，这个问题是社会应优先考虑的问题之一。,Thequestionboilsdowntooneofsocialpriorities.,这场争论归根到底是所有权问题。,LanguagePoints,Thedebateboilsdowntothequestionofownership.,他们给他的劝告可归结为一句话：他应该注意自己的身体。,Theadvicetheygavehimboileddowntothis:Heshouldtakecareofhisownhealth.,.,很难决定买哪种工具，但最终通常取决于价钱。,Itisdifficulttochoosewhichappliancetobuy,butintheenditusuallyboilsdowntocost.,7.Ormaybeyouredesirousofhavingcocoaforbreakfast(line10,para.5):,LanguagePoints,Ormaybeyouwanttohavecocoaforbreakfast.,bedesirousofsth.:wanttohaveordoit渴望;意欲,佩吉特小姐很想去伦敦旅行吗？,IsMissPagetdesirousoftravelingtoLondon?,.,他意欲在政府市政机构找到一个职位。,HeisdesirousofobtainingapositionintheCivilService.,他渴望成名。,LanguagePoints,Heiskeenlydesirousoffame.,他们都渴望去国外。,Theyarealldesirousofgoingabroad.,我们都渴望成功。,Wearealldesirousofsuccess.,.,8.Weareallcaughtinaninescapablenetworkofmutuality,tiedintoasinglegarmentofdestiny.(line1-2,para.5),Wehaveforcedtolivetogetherinanetworkofmutualdependenceandcannotescapefromit,sharingacommonfate.,becaughtinsth.:betrappedinsth.andcannotescapefromit陷于，陷于而无法解脱,那是一个陷于革命性变迁的痛苦之中的社会。,Itisasocietycaughtintheagonyofrevolutionarychange.,LanguagePoints,.,玛丽好像陷身于英国中产阶级的那种可恶的势利心态而不能自拔。,MarywascaughtinthatdreadfulEnglishmiddle-classtrapofsnobbishness.,9.menandnationsmustembracethenonviolentaffirmationthatendsandmeansmustcohere.(line2,para.6),embrace:1）hug拥抱,他们笑着，相互拥抱。,LanguagePoints,Theylaughedandembracedeachother.,.,2）include包含，包括；涵盖,他的学习课程包括历史、地理和经济学。,HiscourseofstudyembracesHistory,GeographyandEconomics.,Itembraceselementsofchemistry,physicsandengineering.,3）adopt;completelyacceptsomethingsuchasanewbelief,ideaorwayoflife接受；信奉,LanguagePoints,他热切地接受去欧洲旅行的邀请。,HeeagerlyembracedtheofferofatriptoEurope.,它包含了化学、物理学和工程学的一些主要内容。,.,她信奉了天主教。,SheembracedtheCatholicfaith.,大部分的国家都已经欣然接受了高速铁路的概念。,cohere:belogicallyconsistent;hangtogether(论证、思想、话语等）有条理，连贯；前后一致,没有正确的论证，任何论点都会前后矛盾。,LanguagePoints,Withoutsoundreasoningnoargumentwillcohere.,Mostcountrieshaveenthusiasticallyembracedtheconceptofhigh-speedrailways.,.,10.Theconquerorsofold,wereakininseekingapeacefulworldorder.(line3,para.8),Theconquerorsofold,weresimilartooneanotherinseekingapeacefulworldorder.,akintosth.:similartosomething与某物相似的,Thepoliticalsituationhereismoreakintodictatorshipthandemocracy.,这些词形同义异。,LanguagePoints,Thesewordsareakininformbutdifferentinmeaning.,这里的政治情形更像是专制而非民主。,.,训养宠物与教育孩子有些相似。,Trainingpetanimalsissomewhatakintotrainingchildren.,我多少有些恐慌地看着他。,那工作无聊透了，就像是在挖了个坑又把它填起来似的。,Itwassouldestroyingwork,akintodiggingaholeandthenfillingitinagain.,LanguagePoints,Ilookedathimwithsomethingakintopanic.,.,11.youwilldiscoverthatHitlercontendedthateverythinghedid(line5,para.8),youwilldiscoverthatHitlerargue/assertthateverythinghedid,contend:toargueorstatethatsomethingistrue;tocompeteagainstsomeoneinordertogainsomething,Thenewspaperhavelongcontendedthataseverewintercouldcreateperilousshortage.,LanguagePoints,很长一段时间以来，各报纸一直在说，如果冬季严寒，物资匮乏将达到危险点。,.,我认为失业是我们社会最严重的弊端。,Iwouldcontendthatunemploymentisourmostserioussocialevil.,经济学家们认为中国和印度正在崛起，可能在国际舞台上扮演角色。,这个小国为了捕鱼权不得不跟一个强大的对手竞争。,LanguagePoints,EconomistscontendthatChinaandIndiaareemergingaspotentialglobalplayers.,Thesmallcountryhastocontendwithapowerfuladversaryaboutfishingrights.,.,12.ManisachildofGod,madeinHisimage,andthereforemustberespectedassuch.(line7,para.9),ManisachildofGod,andthereforemustberespectedinthatparticularcapacity.,assuch:1)inthatcapacity,manner,form,orfunction就以这种身份（或资格）；如所指的人（或事物）那样,Heistheauthorofthearticle,buthedoesnotdesiretobeknownassuch.,LanguagePoints,他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者。,.,有些珍宝不是一下子就可以辨认出来的。,Sometreasuresarenotimmediatelyrecognizableassuch.,2)consideredalone;notincludinganythingthatis,ormaybe,associatedwithsb/sth就其本身而论,Aname,assuch,meansnothing.,LanguagePoints,姓名本身并无意义。,单凭长得漂亮未必就有前途。,Meregoodlooks,assuch,willnottakeyoufar.,.,KeystoExercises,I.ReadingComprehension,A.D2.C3.D4.B5.B6.A7.A8.C9.D10.C,B.Thetheme:,Thetimehascomeformantoexperimentwithnonviolenceinallareasofhumanconflict,andthatmeansnonviolenceonaninternationalscale.,.,KeystoExercises,2.Theconditionstorealizepeace,A.Ifwearetohavepeaceonearth,ourloyaltiesmustbecomeecumenicalratherthansectional.Ourloyaltiesmusttranscendourrace,ourtribe,ourclass,andournation;andthismeanswemustdevelopaworldperspective.,B.Ifwearetohavepeaceintheworld,menandnationsmustembracethenonviolentaffirmationthatendsandmeansmustcohere.Andwemustpursuepeacefulendsthroughpeacefulmeans.,.,KeystoExercises,C.Ifwearetohavepeaceonearthandgoodwilltowardmen,wemustalsobeconcernedaboutthenonviolentaffirmationofthesacrednessofallhumanlife.,.,KeystoExercises,.Vocabulary,A.1.D2.D3.D4.B5.C6.A7.B8.D9.A10.D,B.1.hefinalanalysis8.weretrampled9.contended10.inpursuitof,1.imate4.getalongwith5.understanding6.inreturn7.operating8.appeal9.emotion10.trample,.Cloze,.,KeystoExercises,IV.Tr