企业管理(双语)ppt课件

.,1.Theimportanceforlearning“EssentialsofEntrepreneurship(企业家精神)andSmallBusiness(企业)Management(管理)”.学习本课程的重要性主要体现在如下2点：,1.1Thetextbookcanprovidefutureentrepreneurswiththetoolstheyneedtomasterthemostimportantissuesinvolvedinstartingandmanagingasuccessfulnewbusinessventure.(考虑到企业内外部环境因素).,.,1.2Afterfinishingthiscourse,youwillhaveabasicunderstandingofbusinessfunctions(企业的职能).Anditcouldhelpyoutomanageyourenterpriseinthefuture.,.,2.Maincontentsofthiscourse（本课程的主要内容）:,SectionIThechallengesofentrepreneurship1.Thefoundationsofentrepreneurship(企业家精神的基础)2.Insidetheentrepreneurialmind:fromideastoreality(企业家思想的内部:从想法到现实),.,SectionIIBuildingthebusinessplan:beginningconsiderations1.Strategicmanagement(战略管理)andtheentrepreneur(企业家)2.Conductingafeasibilityanalysisandcraftingawinningbusinessplan(进行可行性分析并打造一个成功的商业计划)3.Formsofbusinessownershipandfranchising(公司所有制形式及特许经营),.,SectionIIIBuildingthebusinessplan:marketingandfinancialconsiderations1.Findinganiche（瞄准市场空白点）2.Takingaim:themarketingplan（制定营销计划）3.Choosingtherightlocation（选择合适的经营场所）4.Strategicmarketing（中小企业的市场战略）5.Financialconsiderations(showVCD),.,SectionIVManagementwork(中小企业的管理运作)1.Makingthepiecesfit:managingasmallbusiness(确定适合的管理体系)2.Thehumanfactor(员工管理)3.Takingstock:purchasingandinventorycontrol(采购和库存管理)SectionVBuildinganewventureteamandplanningforthenextgeneration(组建新的风险团队并为下一代进行规划),.,SectionIThechallengesofentrepreneurship(第一部分企业家精神的挑战)Chapter1Thefoundationsofentrepreneurship(第一章:企业家精神的基础)Learningobjectives(学习目标)Uponcompletionofthischapter,youwillbeableto:1.Understandwhatanentrepreneuris.2.Understandwhattheentrepreneurialprofile(性格特点)tendtoexhibit.,.,3.Explaintheforcesthataredrivingthegrowthofentrepreneurship.4.Describetheimportantrolesmallbusinessesplayinournationseconomy.5.Describetheninedeadlymistakesofentrepreneurshipandexplainhowtoavoidthem.6.Explainhowentrepreneurscanavoidbecominganotherfailurestatistic.,.,1.Theworldoftheentrepreneur1.1Entrepreneurialactivityacrossglobe(下图中横轴表示世界各国,纵轴表示各国的小型企业创业者人数),.,1.2导致企业家增加的原因之一:Accordingtothetextbook(P2),thedownsizing(裁减员工人数)hasdestroyedthelong-standingnotionofjobsecurityinlargecorporations(大型公司),andtheflurryof“pinkslips”hasspawnedanewpopulationofentrepreneurs:castoffsfromlargecorporationswithsolidmanagementexperienceandmanyproductiveyearsleftbeforeretirement.Alsomoreandmoreyoungpeopleseeentrepreneurshipastheidealwaytocreatetheirownjobsecurityandsuccess.Whythecorporationsreducetheiremployees?,.,Whythecorporationsreducetheiremployees?Answer:e.g.carryoutteammanagement(如:某饭店银行等),reduceorganizationallevels,thecompanysprofitisdescending(如大宇集团桂林洗涤剂厂某毛巾厂等)andsoon.,.,2.Whatisanentrepreneur?(Page5),2.1Anentrepreneurisonewhocreatesanewbusinessinthefaceofrisk(风险)anduncertaintyforthepurposeofachievingprofit(利润)andgrowthbyidentifyingsignificantopportunitiesandassemblingthenecessaryresources(资源)tocapitalizeon(利用)them.企业家们很善于抓住机会，在面对一定风险及不确定性环境的条件下，创办一种新型企业。当企业步入正轨之后，他们会持续发展其规模及整体管理水平，而且企业家们能有效地配置公司的各种资源，以使企业获得最佳的利润。企业家是从事劳动和资本的承包业者,也就是我们平时所称的“老板”。(e.g.oneofmyrelative),.,Althoughmanypeoplecomeupwithgreatbusinessideas,mostofthemneveractontheirideas.Entrepreneursdo.Researchershaveinvestedagreatdealoftimeandeffortoverthelastdecadetryingtopaintaclearpictureoftheentrepreneurialpersonality.Althoughthesestudieshaveidentifiedseveralcharacteristics(特点)entrepreneurstendtoexhibit,noneofthemhasisolatedasetoftraits(特点)requiredforsuccess.,.,3.Severalcharacteristics(=profile,特点)entrepreneurstendtoexhibit:(企业家的性格特点表现为以下几个方面:),3.1Desireforresponsibility.(有强烈的责任心)(1)责任心的含义文/乐善耀(2002年8月,摘于网上)所谓责任心，是指个人对自己和他人，对家庭和集体，对国家和社会所负责任的认识、情感和信念，以及与之相应的遵守规范、承担责任和履行义务的自觉态度。责任心与自尊心、自信心、进取心、雄心、恒心、事业心、孝心、关心、慈悲心、同情心、怜悯心、善心相比，是“群心”灿烂中的核心。由此可见，责任心是孩子健全人格的基础，是能力发展的催化剂。责任心以认识为前提。没有是非标准，责任心就无从谈起。,.,责任心与人生观、价值观、道德、理想、集体主义、爱国主义紧密相联。如果他的价值取向以奉献为乐，那么他就会有很强的责任心，反之，则对人对事漠然置之。责任心以情感为基础。可以想像，一个孩子对父母没有感情，不可能对家庭承担任何责任，一个对社会、对祖国、对人民没有情感的人，当外族入侵，祖国受难之时，他不可能挺身而出，舍生忘死，为国献身。责任心靠意志来维持。尽责尽心并非听他说得如何动听，主要反映在行动之中，不管承担什么样的责任，都离不开坚强意志和毅力的支撑，只有在克服困难中，在抵制各种诱惑中，才能反映一个人的责任感。,.,责任心的强弱通过行为来体现。从为家庭烧一顿饭，洗一次衣服，到报名义务献血，应征入伍，都是责任心的体现。不过这是两种不同层次的责任心的体现罢了。不久前放映的一部电影背起爸爸上学感动得多少人热泪盈眶。电影说的是一个16岁的农村少年，以优异的成绩考取了师范学校，面对着瘫痪在床无人照顾的父亲，无奈之下卖掉了全部家产，背着父亲走进校门，开始了漫长而艰辛的求学之路。一个“背”字，不仅体现了父子之情，也体现了孩子对家庭的责任。有报纸评论说他“背”起了责任。正是这种久违了的反哺情结，震撼着人们的心灵，呼唤着人们的良知。,.,Studentsresponsibility?Theemployeesresponsibility?Theentrepreneursresponsibility?Pleasediscuss.Seepage5(control控制,goal目标).3.2Preferenceformoderate(适度的)risk.(喜欢适当地冒险;企业家都或多或少地具有冒险精神,他们都有推断自己冒险程度的特殊能力)(1)Seepage5:Entrepreneursarenotwildrisktakersbutareinsteadcalculatingrisk(有计算的风险)takers.Unlike“high-rolling”gamblers(肆意挥霍的赌徒),theyrarelygamble(很少赌博).,.,(2)美国作者苏姗近年来对中国的大多数企业家进行了调查研究,书中提到:企业家应该清楚经营企业没有风险是几乎不可能的,因为风险本身就是市场的特征。竞争环境的变化，客户需求的多变性，产品品质的可替代性的提升，使企业家的经营活动受到挑战，同时充满风险。风险实际不是最可怕的，因为风险有时也可以成为契机，但如果盲目地冒险或没有规避风险的策略也会掉入沉沦的陷阱。企业家必须知道如何把有计算的风险当成动力并有能力充分利用风险机制，为企业带来发展的先机。没有冒险精神的企业家不能称为真正的企业家。,.,(e.g.中的大商人乔致庸冒险去五夷山贩茶;某公司老板投资建房,有60%以上的把握便会冒险去做;生活中个人风险投资:炒股或买基金),乔致庸从一个叫花子身上偶然买到一张百年商路地图，潜心研究后发现因太平军作乱而封锁多年的茶路蕴藏着巨大商机。乔致庸不顾家人的强烈反对，带着各商家不怀好意的股银南下前往产茶胜地武夷山。半年之后，正当大家盛传乔致庸在南下途中遇难，准备瓜分乔家家产的时候，乔致庸带着为各家采办的茶叶回到了祁县。随后，乔致庸又北上恰克图，直到中俄边境，凭借着“义、信、利”和俄国商人签定了长期合作贸易合同。至此，南至武夷山，北到恰克图的这条封锁多年的茶路被乔致庸疏通，千万茶农也因此得救。,.,Seepage6:Theyusuallyspotopportunitieseliminatingrisksistobuildasolidbusinessplanforaventure.,.,3.3Confidenceintheirabilitytosucceed.(在成就某事业方面有坚定的信心或企业家必须具备想成功的坚定的、不屈不挠的个性)3.4Desireforimmediatefeedback.(渴望立即得到反馈信息)3.5Highlevelofenergy.(具备充沛的精力)(SeePage5ande.g.SherzardRestaurant)(Weshouldworkhard,butwealsoshouldcombineexertionwithrest.)劳逸结合,.,3.6Futureorientation.(具备展望未来的能力)Entrepreneurshaveawell-definedsenseofsearchingforopportunities.Theylookaheadandarelessconcernedwithwhattheydidyesterdaythanwithwhattheymightdotomorrow.(Seepage6:TomStembergshoppingforshoesforhisfourboys.)Entrepreneursseepotentialwheremostpeopleseeonlyproblemsornothingatall,acharacteristicthatoftenmakesthemtheobjectsofridicule(atleastuntiltheirideasbecomehugesuccesses).Newphrase:theobjectsofridicule嘲笑的对象(onpage6),.,Seetheexample(以下两例说明了:Sometimesentrepreneursaretheobjectsofridicule):里提到的由会计师成为企业家(金利沃德,1990:P32-P33),书中提到:,.,“一生成功的行动,却受到朋友们的嘲笑和反对的克鲁特霍普金斯的这段话,我看了许多遍,引起我的同感,我为了晋升官准会计师,刻苦学习了10年,却扔掉了这个大有前途的差使,进了琼伯特当年经营的只有14万美元的小公司（并参与经营）。那时，朋友们都不理解。一个加拿大几家最大公司的会计监察采取这样的行动，他们都认为我疯了。然而，你看看这个公司今年的销售额是2500万美金，就会庆幸我的路没有走错。”,.,Seetheexample“PsionPLC”:WhenDavidPotterdecidedtoleavehisjobasaphysicsprofessoratBritainsImperialCollegetolaunchabusiness,hiscolleaguesquestionedhisjudgment.PotterlaunchedPsionPLC,acompanythatmadepalmtopcomputers(掌上型电脑).PotterrecentlynegotiateddealswithindustryheavyweightsNokiaCorporationandMotorolaInc.tolicenseitssoftwareforuseinthenextgenerationofpalmtopcomputers.Psionnowemploysmorethan1,100peopleandhasamarketvalueofmorethan1billion!,.,3.7Skilledatorganizing.(具有组织能力)(Studentstranslateitsmeaning;jigsawpuzzle:拼板玩具)3.8Valueachievementovermoney.(金钱在企业家心里的地位不是最重要的)若一个企业获得可观的利润,则说明老板的管理水平及技术水平都相当高,但利润并不是企业家们所追求的唯一目标。e.g.他们想有所成就（achievement)；想证实自己在社会上的价值；想从事自己喜欢的行业；他们有钱之后，想分一部分给穷人，创造社会效益等。,.,3.9Highdegreeofcommitment.(具有高度的工作热情或对工作有奉献精神)Toleranceforambiguity.(具有应变能力)Seepage7.Flexibility.(处理事情有灵活性)(Seepage7-8)Howdoemployeesworkflexibly?Howdoemployers(entrepreneurs)workflexibly?Pleasegiveexamples.,.,Answer:e.g.changecinematickets,workinthebank(爱尔琴手表公司没有注重消费者的需求变化,最终导致公司走向衰落,这也说明了该公司的董事长处理事情缺乏灵活性).Tenacity.(做事有恒心,有毅力,从不轻易放弃)Newwords:obstacle障碍物vision远见(指目标);doggedly顽强地Seee.g.坚持到最后者必能成功(美国:奥格曼狄诺,1988:P51-P52)Seepage8:Para.2.看范例：执着而不是固执,.,4.Youbetheconsultant,Paradiseinapan(Beforedocasestudies,letsgooverwhatwehavestudied)baking烘,烘干pie馅饼out-of-the-way偏僻的giveaway送掉,分发double-park(把车)停在与人行道平行停靠的车旁,.,4.Youbetheconsultant,stayup不睡觉downtown闹区comeupwith提出customerservice顾客服务rushorder紧急订单alaboroflove出自喜爱而做的事,.,4.Youbetheconsultant,Discussquestions:1.Whichentrepreneurialtraits(特点)doPeggyDayandJeanneWagsterexhibit(显示)?2.Whatadvantages(优势)didDayandWagsterhavewhenlaunching(创办)theirbusiness?3.Whatobstacles(障碍)didtheyface?,.,1.Whichentrepreneurialtraits(特点)doPeggyDayandJeanneWagsterexhibit(显示)?Answer:PeggyDayandJeanneWagsterexhibitthefollowingentrepreneurialtraits:(1)Theyhavestrongresponsibilitywhendoingtheirbusiness.e.g.Theyworkveryhardandtheycanallocatetheirbusinessresourceseffectively.,.,(2)Theyareconfidentintheirabilitytosucceed.(3)Theyhavehighlevelofenergy.(4)Theyhavehighdegreeofcommitment.(5)Theycanadapttothechangingdemandsoftheircustomersandtheirbusinesses(Theydotheirbusinessflexibly).(6)Theycanovercomethedifficultiesandmaketheirbusinesssuccessfully.Theyinsistthattheirbusinessisalaboroflove,notonlyformoney.,.,2.Whatadvantages(优势)didDayandWagsterhavewhenlaunching(创办)theirbusiness?Answer:(1)BothDayandWagsterhaveamutualtalentandinterestinbaking,sotheirbusinessisalaboroflove.Ifsomeoneisinterestedindoingtheirbusiness,theywillhavestrongresponsibilityandhighdegreeofcommitmentinit.Theseelementsare,.,goodfordoingbusiness.(2)Theyhaveenoughmoney(theyonlyinvestedabout$1000whenlaunchingtheirbusiness)andotherresourcestostarttheirbusiness.Theydonotneedtoworryaboutbuyingexpensiveequipment(Theyhavethecarandwarehouseforsellingpies),employ,.,suitableemployees(atfirsttheyonlyneedtwopersonstowork).3.Whatobstacles(障碍)didtheyface?Answer:(1)Theyhavetoworkveryhard.(e.g.Bythanksgiving36hours,theyarrivedattheshopat4A.M.tostartthedaysbaking.)(2)Sometimestheyhavetodeliverpiestocustomershomesandtomeetrushorderswithasmile.Sotheymayfeel,.,stressful.(seethecase:Oneelderlycustomer).Theabovearetheobstaclestheyface.Buttheyhaveovercomethesedifficultiesandmaketheirbusinesssuccessfully.,.,Readthecaseonpage11-12andanswerthequestion:(extensivereading)Case:TheseBootsAreMadeforRidingQuestion:ExplainhowBethCrossexhibitstheentrepreneurialspirit.carbonfibre碳纤维equestrian骑马的tycoon(企业界)巨头,.,breakinanewpairofshoes穿用新鞋使逐渐合脚payoff使人得益;有报偿apparel衣服;装饰物,.,Thebenefitsofentrepreneurship(创业的优点)(Pleasereadthemyourself.),Theopportunityto:CreateyourowndestinyMakeadifferenceReachyourfullpotentialReap(获得)impressiveprofits(利润)ContributetosocietyandtoberecognizedforyoureffortsDowhatyouenjoyandtohavefunatit,.,Thepotentialdrawbacksofentrepreneurship(创业的缺点):(Pleasereadthemyourself.),UncertaintyofincomeRiskoflosingyourentireinvestmentLonghoursandhardwork,看下图(企业家创业时每周工作的时间):,.,Thepotentialdrawbacksofentrepreneurship(创业的缺点),.,Thepotentialdrawbacksofentrepreneurship(创业的缺点),Lowerqualityoflifeuntilthebusinessgetsestablished(在企业走向成功之前,生活质量较低,看下图:大多数创业者介于25至44岁之间,既要忙于事业,又要兼顾家庭。),.,Thepotentialdrawbacksofentrepreneurship(创业的缺点),.,Thepotentialdrawbacksofentrepreneurship(创业的缺点),HighlevelsofstressCompleteresponsibilityDiscouragement(e.g.创办企业后发现资金不够;公司内部有人捣鬼,挪用大量公款造成法律纠纷等都可能会使创业者失去信心),.,FeedingtheEntrepreneurialFire(是什么因素导致企业家时代的到来?),(1)Entrepreneursasheroes(2)EntrepreneurialeducationUniversitieshavediscoveredthatentrepreneurshipisanextremelypopularcourseofstudy.Becauseofdownsizedjobofferingsinthecorporationsandlesspromisingcareerpaths,arapidlygrowing,.,numberofstudentsseesowningabusinessasanattractivecareeroption.(3)Demographicandeconomicfactors(人口统计方面和经济方面的因素,SeeP12)(4)Shifttoaserviceeconomy(转