How to write a literature review-学术英语写作

Howtowritealiteraturereview,Teammembers:HuaShixianRuanChaohui，HuangRizhen，ZuoBo，ChenLing,Focuses,1.Whatisareviewoftheliterature?,2.Whydowewriteliteraturereview?,3.Howtowriteliteraturereview?,4.Citedsourcesinaliteraturereview,5.OrderofCitations,6.VerbTenseinCitation,1.Whatisareviewoftheliterature?,AccordingtotheWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia,Aliteraturereviewisabodyoftextthataimstoreviewthecriticalpointsofcurrentknowledgeandormethodologicalapproachesonaparticulartopic.Literaturereviewsaresecondarysources,andassuch,donotreportanynewororiginalexperimentalwork.,Awell-structuredliteraturereviewischaracterizedbyalogicalflowofideas;currentandrelevantreferenceswithconsistent,appropriatereferencingstyle;properuseofterminology;andanunbiasedandcomprehensiveviewofthepreviousresearchonthetopic.,2.Whydowewriteliteraturereview?,Literaturereviewsprovideyouwithahandyguidetoaparticulartopic.Ifyouhavelimitedtimetoconductresearch,literaturereviewscangiveyouanovervieworactasasteppingstone.Forprofessionals,theyareusefulreportsthatkeepthemuptodatewithwhatiscurrentinthefield.,3.Howtowrite:(1)Fourstages,1.Problemformulationwhichtopicorfieldisbeingexaminedandwhatareitscomponentissues?,2.Literaturesearchfindingmaterialsrelevanttothesubjectbeingexplored,3.Dataevaluationdeterminingwhichliteraturemakesasignificantcontributiontotheunderstandingofthetopic,4.Analysisandinterpretationdiscussingthefindingsandconclusionsofpertinentliterature,(2)Fourtasks,Aliteraturereviewmustdothesethings:beorganizedaroundandrelateddirectlytothethesisorresearchquestionyouaredevelopingsynthesizeresultsintoasummaryofwhatisandisnotknownidentifyareasofcontroversyintheliteratureformulatequestionsthatneedfurtherresearch,(3)Elementscomprisedinliteraturereview,Anoverviewofthesubject,issueortheoryunderconsideration,alongwiththeobjectivesoftheliteraturereview,Divisionofworksunderreviewintocategories(e.g.thoseinsupportofaparticularposition,thoseagainst,andthoseofferingalternativethesisentirely),Explanationofhoweachworkissimilartoandhowitvariesfromtheothers,Conclusionsastowhichpiecesarebestconsideredintheirargument,aremostconvincingoftheiropinions,andmakethegreatestcontributiontotheunderstandinganddevelopmentoftheirareaofresearch,(4)Strategiesforwritingtheliteraturereview,Findafocus:notjustsimplylistyoursourcesandgointodetailabouteachoneofthem,oneatatime.Constructaworkingthesisstatement：argueforaparticularperspectiveonthematerialUseevidence：interpretationmustbebackedupwithevidencetoshowthatwhatyouaresayingisvalid.Beselective：Selectonlythemostimportantpointsineachsourcetohighlightinthereview.,Summarizeandsynthesize：Remembertosummarizeandsynthesizeyoursourceswithineachparagraphaswellasthroughoutthereview.Whiletheliteraturereviewpresentsothersideas,yourvoice(thewriters)shouldremainfrontandcenter.,Citedsourcesinaliteraturereview,Wecannotimagineonecanfulfillthewritingofaliteraturereviewwithoutreferringtoanybibliography.Inotherwords,tomakealiteraturereviewmoreconvincing,thewriterhastohavesomecitedsourcesinhisorherliteraturereview.,Howtoquote,Asforthewritingofaliteraturereviewforhisorhergraduationpaper,oneneedstodothefollowing:A.CiteandquotewhennecessaryB.Usein-textcitationsC.Numberofcitedsources(atleast20)D.Allcitedsourcesmustbelistedinthebibliography.,5.OrderofCitations,1)Chronological：earliestlatest2)Generaltospecific:remotelyrelatedcloselyrelated3)Differentapproaches:oneapproach+another+stillanotherapproach,59-13,59-14,FollowingispartofaliteraturereviewtakenfromtheintroductiontoapaperinthefieldofEnglishlearning.Thesentencesaregivenhereinscrambleorder.Arrangethesentencesintheorderyoufeeltheyshouldappearintheoriginaltext.ThereviewbeginswithsentenceB.,59-15,StylisticVariationsinScienceLectures_A.PangandWright(2005)broadenedthelinguisticfocustoincludesomepedagogicalandsociolinguisticaspectsoflecturing,suchassetting,levelofformality,participantroles,andlecturetopics._B.Mostresearchonthelecturemethodhasbeenconductedinanative-speakercontext._C.Theroleofvocabularyinmediatinginstructionhasrecentlyattractedtheattentionofappliedlinguists._D.Anumberofstudieshavesofarexaminedthewaysinformationispresentedinlectures;andrecommendationsforimprovingthestudyskillsofnativespeakershavebeenproposed(e.g.,Northetal.,2000;Murphy,2002;Hall,2005)._E.Lee(2006)hasexaminedfunctionofdefinitionsinsciencelectures._F.OnlyafewresearchershaveconsideredthespecialproblemsforeignstudentsmayhavewithlecturesgiveninEnglish(Ding,1999;YoungRichardsandrecommendationsforimprovingthestudyskillsofnativespeakershavebeenproposed(e.g.,Northetal.,2000;Murphy,2002;Hall,2005).F.OnlyafewresearchershaveconsideredthespecialproblemsforeignstudentsmayhavewithlecturesgiveninEnglish(Ding,1999;YoungRichardsthepriorityofaspecificstudy,usepasttense.,59-18,Informationprominent:Present,59-19,Authorprominent:Past,59-20,Authorprominent:presentperfect,Whenauthorsemphasizetheresearchorstudyofseveralauthors,weoftenusethepresentperfecttense.,59-21,Authorprominent:Attitudeandtense(1),Note:Theattitudesoftheauthorstothepreviousstudiescitedalsoaffectthechoiceofverbtenses.Iftheresultsofthepastareveryimportant,ordirectlyrelatedtotheauthorengagedinresearchwork,theauthorswillchoosethepresenttense,otherwise,usethepasttense.,59-22,Authorprominent:Attitudeandtense(2),SomeTips,Reviewthepreviousstudies,inchronologicalorder.Whenna