选修八unit5知识点

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. used to / would 2. interrupt / disturb / bother 3. assume / suppose / presume 词形变化1. alternative n.c替换物 adj.选择性的，二中择一的alternatively adv. 作为选择，二者择一2. accuracy n.u精确性，正确度accurate adj. 正确的，精确的inaccurate adj.不准确的accurately adv. 正确地，精确地inaccurately adv. 不准确地3. assume vt.假定；设想；采用；承担assumption n. 假定，设想，假装，就职assumed adj. 假定的，假装的，装的4. analysis n.c分析，分解analyse(analyze) vt.分析，分解analytical adj.分析的，解析的5. significance n. 意义，含义；重要性，重大significant adj. 相当数量的；意义重大的significantly adv. 意义深远地，重大地6. division n.分(开，配，担；歧，裂)；除(法)；部门divide vt.分(开)；vi.分开 7. skill n.c,u技能，技巧，熟练，巧妙skillful adj. 灵巧的，熟练的，制作精巧的skillfully adv. 巧妙地，技术好地重点单词 1. interrupt vt.&vi. 阻断，中断；打岔；插嘴 2. applaud vt. 鼓掌，称赞，赞成 3. accelerate vt. 加速，促进4. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.c逮捕 重点词组1. regardless of 不管；不顾2. fed up with 受够了，厌烦3. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划4. date back to. 追溯到，从时候就有了重点句型1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.2. Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made form animal skins.重点语法复习现在进行时（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. used to / would【解释】would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。would只能表示反复发生的动作。如果表示过去经常性的状态，就不能用would，只能用used to。used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，但现在已经结束。would则表示有可能再发生。【练习】用used to或would填空。1). When we were boys we _ go swimming every summer. 2). He _ be very poor. 3). People _ believe that the earth was flat. 4). He _ go to the park as soon as he was free. Keys: 1). used to / would 2). used to 3). used to 4). would (现在有可能再去) 2. interrupt / disturb / bother 【解释】interrupt意为“打断，中断”，尤指中断某活动的连续性。disturb意为“因焦虑、失望、困惑等情感因素而使人心绪收到明显干扰”。bother意为“扰乱某人心绪而使人不能专心或专一”。【练习】选择interrupt，disturb，bother的正确形式填空。1). She was _ to hear of your illness. 2). I m sorry to _ the meeting, but there is an urgent long-distance call for Mr. Zhou.3). Don t _ yourself too much about me. 4). We _ in the middle of our conversation.Keys: 1). disturbed 2). interrupt 3). bother 4). were interrupted3. assume / suppose / presume【解释】assume“假定，设想”，用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。suppose意为“根据一定证据作出的见解”，最不正式。presume意为“某人以过去的经验作为依据，对某事作出合乎逻辑的推测”。【练习】选择assume，suppose，presume的正确形式填空。1). I _ that he has gone for a walk. 2). We _ the situation will improve.3). From the available data it may be _ that the writer was very famous in the 4th century. Keys: 1). assume 2). suppose 3). presumed.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. alternative n.c替换物 adj.选择性的，二中择一的alternatively adv. 作为选择，二者择一2. accuracy n.u精确性，正确度accurate adj. 正确的，精确的inaccurate adj.不准确的accurately adv.正确地，精确地inaccurately adv. 不准确地3. assume vt.假定；设想；采用；承担assumption n. 假定，设想，假装，就职assumed adj. 假定的，假装的，装的4. analysis n.c分析，分解analyse(analyze) vt.分析，分解analytical adj.分析的，解析的5. significance n. 意义，含义；重要性，重大significant adj. 相当数量的；意义重大的significantly adv. 意义深远地，重大地6. division n.分(开，配，担；歧，裂)；除(法)；部门divide vt.分(开)；vi.分开 7. skill n.c,u技能，技巧，熟练，巧妙skillful adj. 灵巧的，熟练的，制作精巧的skillfully adv. 巧妙地，技术好地【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式或介词填空。1). The way was blocked, so we went by an _ (alternatively) road. 2). The design is slightly _ (accurate), so we must make some changes. 3). The boss is worried about the _ (accurate) of the statistics. 4). It s impossible to predict the weather _ (accurate). 5). A lot of people make the _ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.6). The _ (analyse) of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police the address. 7). Students need to possess certain basic _ (skillful) by the time they finish schoo1. 8). He was valued for his skill _ (介词) raising money for the company. 9). The discovery of the new drug is of great _ (significant) to people suffering from heart problems.10). Sometimes there is no simple _ (divide) between good and evil.Keys: 1). alternative 2). inaccurate 3). accuracy4). accurately 5). assumption6). analysis 7). skills 8). in 9). significance 10). division.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1. interrupt vt.&vi. 阻断，中断；打岔；插嘴 interruption n. 中断，打断典例1). Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。2). It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。重点用法 interrupt (sb/sth) (with sth) 打断（某人）讲话；打岔；打扰练习 用interrupt的正确形式填空。1). Electricity _ (interrupt) in the course of work. 2). Let s go somewhere where we can talk without _ (interrupt).Keys: 1). was interrupted 2). interruption 2. applaud vt. 鼓掌，称赞，赞成 applause n. 鼓掌欢迎，欢呼典例1). Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。2). I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定。重点用法applaud sb. for sth 因某事而赞扬某人 applaud the decision赞成某个决定3. accelerate vt.&vi. 加速，促进 acceleration n. 加速度典例1). We must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. 我们必须采取措施，加速经济增长。2). The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。练习 用accelerate或其同根词的适当形式填空。1). The driver stepped on the gas and _ the car.2). The _ of train service will bring us great convenience. 3). The bad weather _ our departure. Keys: 1). accelerated 2). acceleration 3). accelerated 4. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.c逮捕典例1). The criminal was arrested yesterday. 罪犯昨天被捕了。2). What she did arrested my attention. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。重点用法be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕arrest one s attention吸引某人的注意under arrest被捕；被拘留.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. regardless of 不管；不顾典例1). I ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。2). He says what he thinks, regardless of other people s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。2. fed up with 受够了，厌烦典例 1). I m fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。2). What s the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎麽啦？你显得那麽不高兴。 短语归纳 feed短语：feed sb/sth on sth给（人或动物）食物；喂；饲养 feed on（动物）以为主食feed sth to sb/sth 给（人或动物）某物作为食物练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1). Several children were feeding bread _ the ducks. 2). What do you feed your dog _? 3). Cows feed _ grass. 4). I m fed up _ the same breakfast every morning.Keys: 1). to 2). on 3). on 4). with 3. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划典例 Have you looked ahead to what you ll be doing in five years time? 你是否想过五年後你要做些什麽?短语归纳 look短语：look back 向后看； 回顾look out 留神；注意look into 调查look up 查找；形势好转；看望look up to sb. 尊敬某人look through 仔细查阅look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望look on 旁观；看作look over 快速浏览，复习look down (on/upon sth.) 向下看； 轻视4. date back to. = date from. 追溯到，从时候开始就有了典例 The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入短语或所给词的适当形式。 1). The custom _ _ hundreds of years.2). Our friendship_ _ _ the late 70s. 3). This is a law _ (date) from the 17th century. Keys: 1). dates back 2). dates back to 3). dating.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。解释“have been excavating”是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。如：We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。注意：区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。一般来说现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成。试比较：They have built a house. (完成) / They have been building a house. (尚未完成)2. O