定语从句和阅读写作.ppt

定语从句在阅读和写作中的运用,对定语从句的掌握要落实到三个层面：一、认得出二、看得懂三、用得上,认得出：关键:找到主句，分离从句。但不管定语从句以哪一种形式出现，他们都有一个共同特点：那就是在一个核心名词的前面或后面。,一、定语从句的位置（一）从句在主句的前面例如:Asiswell-known,mancouldtlivewithoutwater.（二）从句在主句的后面例如:Thisisthehousewherehisfatherwasborn.,（三）放置在主句中例1:ThedaywhentheygotmarriedwasjustonFebruary14.,二、理解定语从句要注意:A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象。由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。在理解上会造成障碍。因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。,1.Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch2.Therearemanypeopleontheplatformwhoarewaitingforthetrain3.Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago,whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedanecklaceofyours?4.Atalltimesyoumayfindthingshappeningwhicharehardtoexplain,B.要注意区分从句的层次。定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。理解句子的时候应注意区分。,1、Thebossatlastgotachancetovisitthevillagewhereheusedtowork，whichhehadbeendreamingoffor20years.老板终于得到机会去访问他工作过的村庄，他一直梦想了20年。,2、Americahasmorethanfiftystates，oneofwhich，Kentucky，istheplacewhereAbrahamLincolnwasborn.美国有50多个州。其中之一的肯塔基州是林肯出生的地方。,三、找出阅读篇章中的定语从句,并理解这些句子。Lesson3MarcoPolo,1.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.（L2),2.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperorsPalace,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhedescribedasThegreatestpalacethateverwas.”(L13),3.TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.(L16),4.However,MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.(L27),5.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.(L30),6.Justbeforehedied,aged70,Marcowasaskedthequestion,“Wasitalltrue?”,towhichhereplied,“IhaveonlytoldhalfofwhatIsaw!”（L35),读得懂：在认得出的基础上，理解含定语从句的句子。,关键：弄清楚逻辑关系，把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再灵活处理把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度，准确理解文意。,在理解含定语从句的句子时，一定要考虑到中英文的表达习惯。常见的理解方式有以下几种：,一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。,Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。,二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。,单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，并重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。,Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。,三、融合法:把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。,Adriverwhoisdrivingthebusmustnttalkwithothersorbeabsent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。Heinsistedonbuyinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。,Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractthepublicattentiontothematter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。,Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。,实战演练,1.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1000hugestonefigures,calledmoat,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.,2、MywifeandItookthetrainfromParistoStrasbourg,whereweweremetbyourdriverandguide,andtheminibuswhichgoesalongwiththeboat.WestoppedoffinBarnforanhourontheway.ThenweretakentoNancywheretheboatwaskept.(优化设计P37)Wheredidtheauthorgetoffthetrain?A.ParisB.StrasbourgC.NancyC.Barn,3、SteveMagellan,world-famousadventurer,hasbeenmissingfortwodays.Themanwhoflewaroundtheworldbyhimselfinaballoontookoffinasingle-engineairplanefromaprivateairportinNevada.(优化设计P43)判断句子正误：SteveMagellanoftentraveledaroundtheworldwithsomeonescompany.,3、Hedidntfileaflightplan,soexactlywherehewentisunknown.Searchersarelookingforhiminahighdesert,a200by200mileareawithlotsofravines(沟壑）byair.“Itwouldbeveryeasyforasmallplanelikethattodisappearformonths,”saidanofficerfromtheCivilAirPatrol.Theplane,likemostsmallplanes,didnothavea“blackbox,”whichsendsoutradiosignalsineventofacrash.AfriendofMagellanssaidthatheusuallywearsawatchthatcansendradiosignals.Butnosignalswerecomingfromthatwatch,ifhewasinfactwearingit.(.(优化设计P43-44),WhichofthefollowingisNotadifficultyforthesearchers?A.Itsunknownwherehewasgoingexactly.B.TheshapeoftheplacewhereSteveMagellanwasmissingwascomplicated(复杂的).C.SteveMagellanlosthiswatchwhichcansendoutradiosignals.D.Theplanehadnomachinesendingoutradiosignals.,用得上：识别是理解的前提，理解是运用的根本。在语言学习中，运用才是王道。,定语从句在写作中的运用,Aswehaveknown,MarcoPolowasagreatexplorer.,MarcoPolo,whowasanItalian,travelledallaroundChina.,MarcoPolotraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.,用定语从句翻译短语:1.一个出生在Italy的旅行家atravellerwhowasborninItaly2.作燃料的黑色的石头theblackstones（which/that）peopleusedtoburnforfuel.3.欧洲所没有的发明theinventionswhichwerenotavailableinEurope,4.大厅可轻易容纳6000人同时进餐的宫殿thepalacehallcaneasilyseat6000peoplefordinner5.他向另一个囚徒讲述他的故事的地方theplacehetoldhisstoriestoanotherprisoner6.人们不相信他的故事的原因thereasonpeopledidntbelievehisstories,恰当地使用定语从句可以提升作文的档次,例句示范：杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。JackisfromCanada.Hehasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish.HespeaksChineseverywell.,杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。JackcomesfromCanada.Heisastudentofourschoolwherehehasstudiedfor3years.NotonlydoesheoftenhelpuslearnEnglishbuthespeaksChinesefluentlyaswell.,杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了3年,他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。Jackisastudentofourschool,whocomesfromCanada.Hehasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish,andhespeaksChineseverywell.,Ourclassisabigfamily.Itismadeupof36girlsand15boys.Allofthemareverydiligentandwarm-hearted.,Ourclassisabigfamily,whichismadeupof36girlsand15boys,allofwhomareverydiligentandwarm-hearted.,句式提升,Withoutwater,mancantlive,soitisofgreatimportance.Water,withoutwhichmancantlive,isofgreatimportance.句子“瘦身”。使用定语从句后句子更简练,Hemadebrilliantremarksonthefamousfilm.Theremarksthathemadeonthefamousfilmwasbrilliant.Hethoughtofanimportantwaytodealwithit.Thewayhethoughtoftodealwithitwasofgreatimportance.(“高级”变中来；使用定语从句突出了brilliant和importance),练一练把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句1.MarcoPolowasagreatexplorer.HelivedinChinaforsometime._2.HetraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather.HisfatherwantedtodotradewiththeChinese._,3.HetraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather.HisfatherwantedtodotradewiththeChinese._4.ThearrivedinBeijing.TheywerewarmlywelcomedbytheYuanDynasty._,5.TheemperorwasimpressedbyMarcoPolo.Marcowascleverandcouldspeakfourlanguages._6.MarcowasimpressedbythetheSummerPalace.Thepalaceshallcaneasilyseat6000peoplefordinner._,7.Marcowasalsosurprisedbytheinv