英语阅读理解微技巧--细节理解题之解题策略课.ppt

英语阅读微技能-细节理解题之解题策略-南京九中吕若男2018.4.16,推理判断,猜测词义,阅读常见题型,篇章结构,主旨大意,作者态度,细节理解,高考阅读考查细节理解题：,Spotthedifferences,大家来找茬,细节理解题测试学生对特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力类型划分1：直接辨认型:获取信息-记住信息-回忆并对号入座如：WhichbuttonsdirectlycontrolthemovementoftheRocketBall?,细节理解题类型划分1：间接辨认型:获取信息-加工转换-得出正确释义,同义（反义）转换、排序、图文转换、数字转换、,细节理解题类型划分2：集中型:就单个特定细节提问，答案位于单句和上下文处如：Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat_,细节理解题类型划分2：分散型:正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分散在文中多处如：1.WhichofthefollowingisNotMentioned/True?2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_.3.Allthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept_.,细节理解题题型：1.文章细节题：what/who/when/where/how/why2.是非题：WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?3.图表数据题(计算)4.排序题5.其他题：,1正误并存；半对半错,“干扰项”面面观,3无中生有；主观臆想,4文不对题；答非所问,5张冠李戴；偷换概念,2以偏概全；过于夸大,正误并存；半对半错,TherobotBuddycanpatrolthehomewhentheresidentsarenothomeandcontactapersonsphoneifitdetectsanintruderorfire.Manyoftherobotshavecamerasthatactaseyes.Forthoseconcernedaboutsomeonehackingintoarobottopeepintoahome,therearesafeguardstolookforwhenpurchasingone.“Whenthecameraisactivated,wewillshowitonthescreenandspecificlightssoyouknowthatsomeoneisusingyourcamera,”HasselvandersaidaboutBuddy.Whatdoweknowabout“Buddy”?2018weilwitnessBuddygointodifferentfamilies.Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself.Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm.Buddyhasanadvantageoverconventionalsmartproducts.,Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.,WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.,以偏概全；过于夸大,以偏概全；过于夸大,.Thesystemwouldntmeanhavingtokeepyourlightsonallthetimeeither,Haassays-bulbscouldbedimmedtosuchapointthattheyappearoff,butstilltransmit.ThesystemcaneasilynetworkanydevicewithanLEDlightanelectrickettle,anoven.LEDstreetlightscouldevenbeusedtoformanetworkofoutdoorLi-Fi,makingitpossibletostayconnectedwhenwalkingaroundthecity.ButsomesoundacautiousnoteaboutVLCsfuture.Itbecomeslesspowerful,forexample,whenlightisblocked,wheatherduetofogorotherconditions.,Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_Li-FicanworkwithLEDlightsoff.Li-FicanbeusedwithallhouseholdappliancesLi-Ficantworkoutdoors.Li-Fineedsimprovingtomeetdiverseneed.,.Thescientistscomparedhowmuchpressurewasputonthewomenskneesbybothtypesofshoes.Thewomenalsowalkedbarefoottotestnormalpressure.Thescientistsfoundthatbothtypesofshoesappliedequalamountsofpressuretotheknees.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatwomenchoosechunkyheelsbecause_.A.theywanttowalkcomfortablyB.chunky（粗短高跟）heeledshoesarecheaperthanstiletto(细高跟)heeledpairsC.chunkyheelsdolessharmtokneesD.chunkyheelsarenotpainfulatall,无中生有；主观臆想,Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,”Kerrigansaid.“Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels,butjustashadforyourknees.”.,.Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels,andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunky（粗短）high-heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing.Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitivelyknowthathigh-heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth,saidDr.GlennPfeifer,aSanFranciscodoctor,Kerriganslatestudylookedatthechunkyhigh-heeledshoesbecause_.A.theyfeelmorecomfortableB.theyarerelatedtokneeosteoarthritisC.theyarewornbymanywomenD.theyaredifferentfromstilettoheels,文不对题；答非所问,Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,Kerrigansaid.Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstiletto（细高跟）heels,butjustashadforyourknees.“.,Thewarden(狩猎监督官)setoutthreesteeltrapsthatnight.Inthemorningonewasempty.Theothertwohadbeenstolenbythebeavers(河狸)andusedtostrengthenthedam.Thewarden,cursingthestatelawagainsthuntingbeaverswithfirearms,gothistrapsbackandsetthemoutagainandagain.Andeverynightthebeaversstolethem.,Whatdidthelocalgamewardendo?A.Hemadesteeltrapstostrengthenthedam.B.Hesetouttohuntthebeaverswithfirearms.C.Helearnedalotabouttheconstructionofthedam.D.Heusedpetrol-soakedbagstodrivethebeaversaway.,张冠李戴；偷换概念,Treatmentcentreshavepoppeduparoundtheworld.In2006AmsterdamsSmith&Jonesfacilityclaimstobe“thefirstand,currently,theonlyresidentialvideo-gametreatmentprogramintheworld”.InAmericatherestartInternetAddictionRecoveryProgramclaimstotreatinternetaddiction,gamingaddiction,andeven“textingaddiction”.InChina,meanwhile,military-style“bootcamps”arethepreferredwaytotreatinternetproblems.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheworldseffortstofightInternetaddiction?B.Amsterdamoncestartedtheworldsfirstvideo-gametreamentprogram.D.Military-stylecampsinChinaprovetobethebesttotreatInternetprobmlems.,1正误并存；半对半错,“干扰项”面面观,3无中生有；主观臆想,4文不对题；答非所问,5张冠李戴；偷换概念,2以偏概全；过于夸大,细节理解题解题原则及步骤、方法：原则：忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，不能主观臆断步骤和方法：Step1：题干中选定关键词（定位词）Step2：通过略读、查读锁定文中定位区域Step3:结合信息区域上下文理解、比对Step4:排除干扰项，筛选得出答案,定位词通常是哪些词？,人名、地名等专有名词；年份、数字等数词及题干中的大写名词指代具体事物或人物的名词3.词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等实词,题干和正确选项的典型特点,替换关键词：把文中关键词转化替换成同/近义词，设置题干或正确选项。,词性或语态变化:把原文句中的词变换词性或语态，以制造理解障碍。,语言简化,长话短说：把原文中散杂语言现象进行提炼总结，成为题干或正确答案。,WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,IwasashamedofmymothersChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthorsmotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.,替换关键词（同/近义词替换）,偷换概念,无中生有,Confucius.assumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomehadmorepotentialthanothers,andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelieved.66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?A.FamilyB.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community,词性或语态变化,Traditionally,peoplehavedrunkbottledwaterforhealthreasons.Thepracticeof“takingthewaters”originatedwiththeRomans,whobelievedthatapersondevelopedahealthymindbybuildingahealthybody.AcrossEurope,drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwiththepowertocurevariousdiseases,1WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Bottledwaterwasoncedrunkbothbytherichandthepoor.Bottledwatersaleshaverisen,foritscheaperthantapwater.Europeansbelievedinthepoweroftreatmentofmineralwater.Americanshavehadthehabitofdrinkingbottledwaterforlong.,词性或语态变化,无中生有,Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblemtheirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisla