新一代大学英语视听说教程1 U2

FoodandHealth,Unit2,Warm-up,01,ListeningandSpeaking,02,ViewingandSpeaking,03,CONTENTS,Project,04,1,Warm-up,Workinpairsonthefollowingactivities.,Readthefoodtermsandthedescriptionscarefully.Thenmatchthedescriptionswiththeterms.,Step1,Warm-up,processedfood,Warm-up,1Itisfoodthatisgrownorproducedwithoutsynthetic(人造的)pesticidesorchemicalfertilizers.2Itisfoodthatisspeciallytreatedtochangecolorandkeepfresh,etc.3Itisfoodthatisgrownwithinareasonabledistancefromwhereitiseaten.Itdoesnotspenddaysorweekstobetransportedandisthereforegenerallyfresher.4ItisfoodthatisproducedfromorganismsthathavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAusingthemethodsofgeneticengineering.5Itisfoodthatisnotprocessedorrefined,orthatisprocessedandrefinedaslittleaspossible,beforebeingconsumed.Itisfoodinitsnaturalstate.,organicfood,localfood,GMfood,wholefood,Workinpairsonthefollowingactivities.,Listthefoodsthatyouateforbreakfast,lunchandsupperyesterday.Foreachofthem,decidewhetheritisgeneticallymodified,local,whole,processed,ororganic.,Step2,Warm-up,Referenceanswers,Warm-up,AdditionalActivity,Readthefollowingquotesabouthealthyeating.Trytoexplainthequoteswithexamplesoryourpersonalexperiences.1Thosewhothinktheyhavenotimeforhealthyeatingwillsoonerorlaterhavetofindtimeforillness.EdwardStanley2Theonlywaytokeepyourhealthistoeatwhatyoudontwant,drinkwhatyoudontlike,anddowhatyoudrathernot.MarkTwain,Warm-up,Referenceanswers,1Mainpoints:Healthyeatingisnotjustaboutkeepingahealthyweightitaffectsonestotalstateofwell-being.Pooreatinghabitsarelinkedtoalargenumberofdiseasessuchasheartdisease,strokeanddiabetes.Myfather,forexample,alwaysbuysorganicfoodevenifitismoreexpensive.Hetriestoensureahealthyandbalanceddietforthefamily.2Mainpoints:Tostayhealthy,youwillhavetoeatthosevegetablesandfruitswhichyoumightnotlikeasmuchasjunkfood.Youwillhavetogetupearlyinthemorning,exerciseregularly,ortakethestairsinsteadoftheelevator.Inotherwords,ittakessomeefforttobehealthy.,Warm-up,2,ListeningandSpeaking,TopicOneGeneticallymodifiedfood,1ListentoaconversationonGMfoodanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.Write“T”for“true”and“F”for“false”.,ListeningandSpeaking,Geneticallymodifiedfood,Listeningandunderstanding,1ThemanisinfavorofGMfoodbutthewomanisagainstit.2ThewomanthinksthatsheneedstodomorereadingonGMfood.3ThemanthinksthatcontrolsonGMfoodinmostcountriesareloose.4ThemanthinksthatthewomaniscautiousaboutGMfood.5ThewomandoesnotlikethefactthatsomefoodcompaniesareusingherfortheirexperimentsonGMfood.6Thewomanfinallyagreeswiththeman.,T,F,F,F,T,F,2Listentotheconversationagainandcompletethetablewithwhatyouhear.,ListeningandSpeaking,Geneticallymodifiedfood,Listeningandunderstanding,Geneticallymodifiedfood,Listeningandunderstanding,safer,tightercontrols,vegetables,extinct,decreasinginnumbers,poorcountries,wholeecosystem,ListeningandSpeaking,3AlthoughGMfoodhasbeenonsupermarketshelvesforoveradecade,thereisstillextensivecontroversyaboutit.Workintwogroupsandholdaninformaldebateonthetopic“IsGMfoodbeneficial?”.Youcanbaseyourargumentonwhatyouveheardfromtheconversation,yourownexperienceandreasoning,andwhatyouvelearnedfrombooks,newspapers,ortheInternet.,ListeningandSpeaking,Geneticallymodifiedfood,Thinkingandspeaking,ListeningandSpeaking,Geneticallymodifiedfood,Thinkingandspeaking,TopicTwoTruthaboutorganicfoodlabels,1Understandingfoodlabelscanhelpyoumakehealthydecisionswhenyoushopforfood.Nowlistentoaprogramtwiceandcompletethetablewithwhatyouhear.,ListeningandSpeaking,Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels,Listeningandunderstanding,ListeningandSpeaking,Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels,organic,lessthan,atleast,95%,100%,theoutdoors,naturaldiet,beingkeptinsmallcages,beingraised,2Theprogramyouhavelistenedtoisaboutfoodlabels.ThechartbelowshowswhatconsumerslookforonfoodlabelsinAmerica.Workingroupstodescribethechartbrieflyandgivecommentsontheirclaims.,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,Herearesomeusefulexpressionsfordescribingthedata:Ofallthepeoplewhowerequestioned/interviewed,.Opinionsaredividedabout.Approximatelyhalfthoserespondentssaythat.Themajorityofpeoplethinkthat.Nearlytwooutofthreepeoplereportthat.,Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels,ListeningandSpeaking,Referenceanswers,Thechartshowswhatconsumerslookforwhenitcomestofoodlabeling.Whenshoppingforfood,ofallthepeoplewhowereinterviewed,abouttwooutofthreereportthattheylookforthewords“Locallygrown”onlabels,while59%checktoseeiftheproductstheyarebuyingarenatural.Halfofthepeoplesaythattheywouldlookforinformationaboutartificialgrowthhormonesonfoodlabels.Otherkeywordsthatconsumerslookforonfoodlabelsinclude“Pesticide-free”(49%),“Organic”(49%),“Noartificialingredients”(48%),andsoon.Accordingtothechart,consumerscarealotabouthowtheirfoodisproduced.Theyarelookingforfoodthatisproducedlocallyandinanenvironmentally-friendlyway.,Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels,TopicThreeMeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,1Dependingonwhattheyeat,vegetarianscanbedividedintodifferenttypes.Nowlistentoatalkaboutthefourtypesofvegetariansandtickthefoodtheyeat.,ListeningandSpeaking,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,Listeningandunderstanding,2Listentothetalkagainandcompletetheanswerstothequestionswithwhatyouhear.,ListeningandSpeaking,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,Listeningandunderstanding,1Whataredairyproducts?Theyrefertothingslike_.2Whatwillvegansuseasasourceofomega-3?Theywillusea_orflaxseedinsteadof_.3Whyaresemi-vegetariansnottrulyvegetarians?Becausetheystill_occasionallyorsometypeofanimalproduct.,milk,cheese,yoghurt,marinesourcelikemarinealgae,fishoilsupplements,eatmeat,3Thetalkyouhavelistenedtotellsaboutvegetariansandtheirdiet.Nowworkinpairsonthefollowingactivities.,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,Discussthequestions.1Whydosomepeoplechoosetobecomevegetarians?2Whatarethehealthbenefitsofavegetariandiet?3Whatarethehealthrisksinbecomingavegetarian?,Step1,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,1Whydosomepeoplechoosetobecomevegetarians?Mostofthereasonsfallintooneofthefollowingcategories.Healthconcerns:Vegetariansbelievethatahealthyvegetariandietcansignificantlydecreasetheriskofmanychronicdiseasessuchasdiabetesandheartdisease.Religiousrestrictions:SomebelieversofsomereligionssuchasBuddhismmayrefusetoeatmeat.Environmentalconcerns:Theyassertthatthelarge-scalemeatandpoultryproductionisenvironmentallyunsustainable.Animalrightsissues:Ethicalvegetariansareconcernedaboutanimalcruelty.Theysaythatanimalsaretreatedhorriblypriortoandduringslaughter.,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,2Whatarethehealthbenefitsofavegetariandiet?Somepeoplebelievethatvegetariansareatalowerriskfordevelopingheartdisease,obesity,diabetes,hypertensionandcertaincancers.Thisisbecauseahealthyvegetariandietistypicallylowinfatandhighinfiber.,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,3Whatarethehealthrisksinbecomingavegetarian?Therecanberiskslinkedtovegetariandietsassociatedwithalackofnutrients.Ifvegetariansarenotcarefultogetallthenecessarynutrients,theycouldexperiencealackofprotein,iron,zinc,calcium,vitaminB12,vitaminDandomega-3fattyacids.,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,Readthesituation.Thenrole-playaconversationaboutvegetarianismbasedonyouranswersinStep1.StudentAYouareavegetarianandyounevereatmeat.Youthinkitisbarbaric(野蛮的)toeatmeatandyouareconvinceditismuchhealthiernottoeatanymeatproducts.StudentBYouloveeatingmeatandcantimagineamealwithoutanymeatinit.Youthinkthatpeopleneedtoeatmeattogetenoughproteinsandkeephealthy.,Step2,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,ReferenceanswersB:Therearealotofdifferencesinwhatwevegotforlunchtoday.Ivegotsomeporkandyouhaveavegetariansaladwithnuts.Sowhydoyoubecomeavegetarian?A:IdonteatmeatbecauseIthinkitiswrongtokillanimalsfortheirmeat.Doyouknowthat55billionanimalsarekilledeveryyearformeatproduction?B:Yes,buttheseanimalsarebredforfood.Ithinkmeatproductionissimilartoproducinganyotherfoodproduct.Wehumansshouldntgettoosentimentalabouttheanimals.Besides,weneedtoeatmeatinordertostayhealthy.,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,A:Doyoureallybelievethateatingmeatwouldhelpyoustayhealthy?Researchshowsthatvegetariansareatalowerriskfordevelopingmanydiseasesincludingsomeofthemostcommoncancers,heartdisease,stroke,obesityanddiabetes.Infact,thisisanotherreasonwhyIchoosetobecomeavegetarian.B:Buthumansareomnivores.Wefunctionbestwhenweeatbothanimalsandplants.Therearesomenutrientsthatcanonlybegottenfromanimals.TakevitaminB12forexample.Itisanimportantvitaminformanybasicbodilyfunctionssuchasbloodcellproductionandpropernervefunctioning,butitisnotfoundinmostoftheplants.Infact,B12deficiencyisverycommoninvegans.,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,A:Yes,vegetariansespeciallyveganscanbeexposedtosomehealthrisksbecauseofourmeatlessdiet.Sowecantakesomefoodsorsupplementstocompensateforthemissingnutrientsinourdiet.B:Arethereotherreasonswhypeoplebecomevegetarians?A:Yes,ofcourse.Somepeopledonoteatmeatforreligiousorethicalreasons.Forexample,manyBuddhistsfollowavegetariandiet.Somepeopleareallergictoproteinfrommeatsotheycanteatmeat.Andsomevegetariansrefusetoeatmeatforenvironmentalconcerns.Youknowmanyforestsarecutdowntoraiseanimalsformeat.Thisreallyhastostop.,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,ListeningandSpeaking,Thinkingandspeaking,B:Tobehonest,Ireallydontseewhyeatingmeatisabigdeal.Ithinkthechoicetoeatmeatornotisverypersonal.Soletsfinishwhatsonourownplate.,MeatornotFourtypesofvegetarians,3,ViewingandSpeaking,TopicOneHowtoavoidprocessedfoodsinahealthydiet,Howtoavoidprocessedfoodsinahealthydiet,Viewingandunderstanding,1Ifyouaretryingtoeathealthily,perhapsyouhavebeentoldtostayawayfromprocessedfoods.Whilethatsgreatadvice,itseemsmanypeopleareconfusedaboutwhatprocessedfoodsareandwhatmakesthemsodangeroustooneshealth.Nowwatchavideoclipandcompletetheanswerstothequestionswithwhatyouhear.,ViewingandSpeaking,1Whatareprocessedfoods?Theyarefoodsthathavebeenalteredfrom_.2Whycanprocessedfoodsstayfreshformonths?Itsbecausefoodmanufacturersuse_toprolongaproducts_.3Whataretransfats?Theyareoilsinfusedwith_.4Whatistrueaboutfoodlabeled“transfatfree”?Itmaycontain_oftransfatperserving.5Whatdomanufacturerssayabouthighfructosecornsyrupcomparedwithsugar?Itisnutritionally_sugar.6Whatarethenegativeeffectsofprocessedfoods?Theynotonlycreatehealthrisks,butalsomakeyou_,accordingtoDr.DorisDay.,ViewingandSpeaking,theirnaturalstate,man-madeingredients,shelflife,hydrogen,uptoahalfgram,thesameas,lookold,Howtoavoidprocessedfoodsinahealthydiet,Viewingandunderstanding,2Watchthevideoclipagainandcompletethetablewithwhatyouhear.,ViewingandSpeaking,ViewingandSpeaking,bad,good,plastic,cells,communicateortalk,cancer,packagedfoods,baked,fat,desiremore,highbloodpressure,Howtoavoidprocessedfoodsinahealthydiet,Thinkingandspeaking,3Wevelearnedfromthevideoclipaboutthehealthrisksoftransfats.Whatcanbedonetoreducetheconsumptionoftransfats?Discussingroupsandtrytolookatthequestionfromdifferentperspectives,e.g.thegovernment,foodproducers,doctors,restaurants,andconsumers.,ViewingandSpeaking,Howtoavoidprocessedfoodsinahealthydiet,Referenceanswers,Thegovernmentshouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthrisksofconsumingtransfatsandadoptguidelinesregardingthesaleanduseoffoodscontainingtransfats.Foodproducersneedtofindinnovativewaystoavoidusingtransfatsinfoodsandmakesurethatfoodlabelsprovideclearandaccurateinformationthathelpsconsumersmakefoodchoices.Insteadofsimplyprescribingdrugs,doctorsshouldtelltheirpatientstoreduceorcuttransfatsoutoftheirdiet.Restaurantsshouldchangetheircookingoilstoonesthatdonotcontaintransfats.Theconsumersshouldreadthenutritionfactslabelandingredientlistcarefully.Theyshouldchecktheingredientlisttoavoidalltransfats.Consumersshouldalsochooserestaurantsthatdonotusetransfats.,ViewingandSpeaking,TopicTwoWhatswrongwithourfood“system”?,Whatswrongwithourfood“system”?,Viewingandunderstanding,1Youaregoingtowatchaspeechfrom11-year-oldBirkeBaehr,inwhichhedescribesthedarksideoftheindustrializedfoodsystemandpresentshisopinionsongreenandlocalizedfoodproduction.Watchthevideocliptwiceandcompletethediagramwithwhatyouhear.,ViewingandSpeaking,ViewingandSpeaking,Problemswiththeindustrializedfoodsystem,Possiblesolutions,Conventionalfarmersuse1)_madefromfossilfuelsthattheymixwiththedirttomakeplantsgrow.,Harmfulchemicalsaresprayedonfruitsandvegetablesto2)_.,Foodisirradiatedsothatitcanlastlongerandtravelthousandsofmilesfromwhereitsgrownto3)_.,Wecanbuyourfooddirectlyfrom4)_,orourneighborswhoweknowinreallife.,Wecanchooseorganicfoodevenifitis5)_,becauseitiswisetochoosetopaythefarmerratherthanthehospital.,Wecanletchildrenknowmoreaboutfoodandwhere6)_.,chemicalfertilizers,killweedsandbugs,thesupermarkets,localfarmers,moreexpensive,itreallycomesfrom,Whatswrongwithourfood“system”?,Viewingandunderstanding,2Watchthevideoclipagainandcompletetheanswerstothequestionswithwhatyouhear.,ViewingandSpeaking,1Whydoconventionalfarmershavetousechemicalfertilizerstomakeplantsgrow?Becausethenutrientsinthesoilhavebeenstrippedasfarmers_overandoveragain.2Howdoharmfulchemicalsusedonplantspoisonourwater?Whenit_,theyseepintotheground,orrunoffinto_.3WhatdoesBirkeBaehrwanttobe?Hewantstobe_.4WhyisJoelSalatincalleda“lunaticfarmer”?Becauseherefusestouseanypesticides,herbicides,or_.5WhatdoestheexampleofBirkessix-year-oldcousintellus?Wecan_,onekidatatime.,ViewingandSpeaking,growthesamecrop,rains,ourwaterways,anorganicfarmer,geneticallymodifiedseeds,makeadifference,Thinkingandspeaking,3Inthespeechyouvejustwatched,BirkeBaehrencouragespeopletobuyfromlocalfarmers.Whatarethereasonsforbuyinglocal?Workinpairstorole-playaninterviewbetweenaradiopresenterandtheowneroftheGreenPumpkinRestaurant,whohasbeenbuyingfromlocalfarmersforover20years.Thepresenterwillasktherestaurantownerabouthis/herexperienceofbuyinglocal.,ViewingandSpeaking,Whatswrongwithourfood“system”?,Referenceanswers,Presenter:ThisisMichaelHuffman,andwithustodayisMaryRoss,theowneroftheGreenPumpkinRestaurantinPella,whohasbeenbuyingfromlocalfarmersforover20yearsinordertoofferthefreshestfoodinherrestaurant.Now,Ms.Ross,whatpushedyoutostarttobuyfromlocalfarmers?Restaurantowner:OK,IrememberoneofthefirstfarmersweboughtfromwasOscarJackson.AndOscargreworganicfoodsandvegetables.IdidntknowaboutthewaypigswerebeingraisedintheindustrialsystemuntilIreadFastFoodNation.SoIrealizedthattheporkIservedattheGreenPumpkinRestaurantmustbecomingfromthissystem.SoweaskedOscarifhecouldfindaplacewherewecouldgetpasturedpork.Andhefoundaplacewherepigswereraisedinthetraditionalway.Thisishowwestarted.,ViewingandSpeaking,Whatswrongwithourfood“system”?,Presenter:Apartfromservinghigherquality,tastierfood,arethereotherreasonswhyyoubuylocal?Restaurantowner:Yes,ofcourse.Youknowlocalfarmershavealwayshadtroublecompetingwithbiggerfactoryfarms.IhopethatIcouldhelpthembybuyingfromthem.Ialsoencourageotherrestaurantstobuyfromlocalfarmers.Presenter:Thismustmeanalottolocalfarmers.Restaurantowner:Ihopeso.AndIhavetomentiontheenvironmentalbenefitsofbuyinglocal.Youknowtheaveragedistancethatfoodtravelsbeforeitreachesourplateis1,500miles.Theshippingoffoodoverlongdistanceshasadamagingeffectonourenvironment.Sowhenwebuylocal,wearenotsimplyhelpingourhealth,wearealsohelpingtheenvironment.,ViewingandSpeaking,Whatswrongwithourfood“system”?,Presenter:Whatisthebiggestchallengeyouhavefacedsofar?Restaurantowner:Atthebeginning,itwasnteasytobuylocalbecausetherewasnosysteminplacetoevenfindlocalfarmerstobuyfromandthentogetthefoodintothecity.ButonceIfoundlocalfarmersandbeganusingtheirproductsinmyrestaurant,Ifoundthepracticetobegoodnotjustforthefarmers,butformyrestaurant,too.Manycustomerscametotherestaurantforlocallygrownfood.Presenter:Thatsgreat!Iwishmoreofuswillrealizethebenefitsofbuyinglocal.Ms.Ross,thankyousomuchforyourtime.Restaurantowner:Iveenjoyeditverymuch.,ViewingandSpeaking,Whatswrongwithourfood“system”?,4,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Aspartofthecampus-widecampaigntopromotehealthyeatingamongcollegestudents,yourclassplanstoconductasurveyaboutcollegestudentsknowledge,viewsandbeliefsaboutfoodandtheirbehaviorrelatedtofoodandhealth.Workingroupsandprepareanoralreportofyoursurveyfindings.,Project,Step1FormgroupsFormgroupsoffivetosixstudents.,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Step2DesignthesurveyDesignasurveyoncollegestudentsknowledge,beliefsandbehaviorrelatedtofoodandhealth.Youmayaskquestionsaboutthetopicsthathavebeencoveredinthisunit,includinggeneticallymodifiedfood,organicfoodlabels,vegetarians,processedfood,etc.Thefollowingquestionsareforyourreference.,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Howmuchthoughthaveyougiventothehealthfulnessofthefoodyouconsume?Whatimpactsyourdecisiontobuyfood?Whatdoyouthinkaboutprocessedfood?Doyoucheckthefoodlabelsbeforebuyingfood?Doyouregularlybuyfoodthatislabeledas“natural”,“organic”,or“local”?Whatisyourattitudetowardgeneticallymodifiedfood?Doyouthinkthatweshouldeatlessmeatorevennomeat?Whatsourceofinformationwouldyoutrustthemostaboutfoodsafety?AreyouconfidentinthesafetyofthefoodsupplyinChina?,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Step3ConductthesurveyConductthesurveyeitheronlineoronpaper.,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Step4AnalyzethesurveyresultsAnalyzeanddiscussthesurveyresultswithyourgroupmembers.Youmaydrawsomegraphsordiagramstoshowtheresultsvividlyandusetheexpressionsyouvelearnedin“Truthaboutorganicfoodlabels”whenyoudescribethedata.,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Step5Reportthesurveyfindings,Project,Conductingasurveyonfoodandhealth,Deliveranoralreportofyoursurveyfindings.Youroralreportne