限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

TheDifferencesbetweentheRestrictiveandNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause,定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别,区别一：形式上不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。,区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别）限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整),Discussthedifference,Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.HisbrotherwhoiseighteenyearsoldisaPLAman.区别：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥)B句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放军。(说明他还有别的哥哥),Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.那里所有的书都是他写的,书里附有漂亮的插图。(说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书)Allthebookstherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.那里所有附插图的书都是他写的。(暗示没有附插图的书不是他写的),区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。IveinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。,区别四：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；如：Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight.昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面的nothing)Hehasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。(说明前面句子的整个内容),另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。,区别五：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(如引导词作宾语，theway做先行词)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。,PracticeA,请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.,ExercisesA,1、All_isusefultousisgood.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,解析：定语从句中的先行词为all,none等词时，关系代词必须用that,而不是which.故选C。,2、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theone,D,解析：thisfactory容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是Thisfactory是句子的主语而不是先行词。所以选择D.Theone中的one指代的是factory,作定语从句的先行词。,3、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,解析：theday是定语从句的先行词，shespentinBeijing中的动词spent是个及物动词，后接宾语，theday作动词spent的宾语。因此选C.,4、Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.,A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where,D,解析：题中的theschool是定语从句的先行词。in+which=where,因此选D.试比较：Thisschoolis_myfatherworked20yearsago.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.theonewhich,B,5、Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A、thatB、inwhichC、whatD、theone,A,解析：thefactory是定语从句的先行词,用作宾语；从句wevisitedlastyear中visit是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选A.,6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeen,B,解析：stories是定语从句的先行词,同时stories被最高级所修饰，因此选B.,1、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,ExercisesB,2、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,3、Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.,A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whom,B,4、Idontliketheway_hespoketome.,A、bythatB、whatC、bywhichD、/,D,4、I，_yougoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.,A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoam,D,5、Thisistheonlything_Icandonow.,A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all,C,6、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、want,B,7、Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhich,D,8、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,_,Ithinkisawisechoice.,A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether,C,9、Thisisthereason_hetoldme.,A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat,A,10、Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.,A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;that,C,1.(限)Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.2.(非)Hangzhouisafamouscity,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea./Hangzhou,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea,isafamouscity.3.(限)Idontknowthereasonwhyshegotangry.4.(限)TheoldmantowhomyouaretalkingsawsomeGermans5.(限)Thewomanrememberedthedaywhenshesaw,6.(非)St.Petersburgisaverybeautifulcity,whichwasoncecalledLeninggrad.7.(限)Irememberthesoldierwhotoldm