英语修辞.AnalogyPPT课件

.,1,EnglishRhetoric,英语修辞学,.,2,AestheticRhetoric,美学修辞,.,3,FiguresofSpeech,英语修辞格,.,4,FiguresofSimilarity,相似修辞学,.,5,I.FiguresofSimilarity,1.Simile2.Metaphor3.Analogy4.Personification,.,6,Analogy,类推,.,7,1.DefinitionofAnalogy,Analogyisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyconcentrateononepointofresemblance,.,8,1.DefinitionofAnalogy,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualities,orpointsofresemblance.,.,9,2.ThefunctionofAnalogy,Thefunctionofanalogydiffersfromthatofsimileormetaphor.Whilethelatterfiguresservetoheighteneffectwithvividimagery,.,10,2.ThefunctionofAnalogy,Analogyischieflyusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorfortheexplanationorexpositionofanidea.,.,11,2.ThefunctionofAnalogy,Analogiesarenotlogical,butemotional.Analogyistherealmoftherhetoricofassociationinpersuasion.Itisacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings.e.g.:Corruptionandcancerarelike.,.,12,2.ThefunctionofAnalogy,Analogy:Corruptionislikecancer.Agreedphenomenon:Cancermustbecutoutruthlessly.Conclusion:Corruptionmustbecutoutruthlessly.Sentence:Corruptionistoasocietywhatcanceristoabody.,.,13,2.ThefunctionofAnalogyAnalogy,Theanalogycanbedevelopedthroughasmanyparallelsimilaritiesasthewritercanthinkof,toconvincethereaderthatthethingsarealikeinsomanyrespects,soaconclusiondrawnfromonethingsuggestsasimilarconclusionfromtheotherthing.,.,14,2.ThefunctionofAnalogy,Analogypointsoutalargenumberofsimilaritiesbetweenthetwounlikes.Themorepointsofsimilarity,thestrongertheanalogy.e.g.:Readingistomindwhatfoodistothebody.,.,15,3.Analogyisusuallyconstructedinthefollowingpatterns:,1)AistoBwhatCistoD.=WhatCistoD,AistoB.(1)Foodistomanwhatfuelistoengine.(2)Theairistomanwhatwateristofish.,.,16,3.PatternsofAnalogy,2)AtoBisasCtoD.=AistoAasCistoD.(1)Foodtomanisasfueltoengine.(2)Threeistooneasnineistothree.,.,17,3.PatternsofAnalogy,3)(Just)asAistoB,(so)CistoD.=AsAdoesB,soCdoesD.=JustasAdidB,soCdidDe.g.:(1)Justasdarkcloudscannotlonghidethesun,(so)noliescancoverupfacts.,.,18,3.PatternsofAnalogy,(2)JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory.4)IfAwereB,CwouldbeD.e.g.Iflovewerewhattheroseis,Iwouldbeliketheleaf.,.,19,3.PatternsofAnalogy,5)AistoBthesamewayasCistoD.e.g.:Youthsaretoasocietythesamewayasnewcellsaretoabody.,.,20,4.ExercisesforAnalogyPutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese,1).Whatsculptureistotheblockofmarble,educationistothesoul.=Educationistothesoulwhatsculptureistotheblockofmarble.教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。,.,21,4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese,2)Thechess-boardistheworld;thepiecesarethephenomenaoftheuniverse;therulesofgamearewhatwecallthelawofNature.棋盘犹如世界，棋子如世界上的各种现象，而下棋的规则则如自然规律。,.,22,4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese,3)JustastheIndustrialRevolutiontookoveranimmenserangeoftasksfrommensmusclesandenormouslyexpandedproductivity,sothemicrocomputerisrapidlyassuminghugeburdensofdullworkfromhumanbrainandtherebyexpandingthemindscapacitiesinwaysthatmanhasonlybeguntograsp.,.,23,4.TranslationoftheAnalogy,翻译：正如工业革命把人从大量繁重的体力劳动中解放出来，而且极大地扩大了生产力，电脑速猛地把人从许多乏味的脑力劳动中解放出来，而且扩大了人们刚刚开始掌握的人脑的容量。,.,24,4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese,4)Theskyistobirdswhattheseaistofish.天空对于鸟儿犹如大海对于鱼儿。5)Pensaretowriterswhatweaponsaretosoldiers.笔对于作家犹如武器对于战兵。,.,25,5.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish,usingAnalogy,1)马克思对社会发展的贡献犹如达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。MarxdidforthedevelopmentofsocietywhatDarwindidforthedevelopmentofbiology.Or:Justas,so;,.,26,5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy,2)文化多样性之于人类社会，犹如生物多样性之于自然界一样。Thediversitiesofculturesaretothehumansocietywhat/thesamewayasthevarietiesofcreaturesaretonature.Or:Justas,so.,.,27,5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy,3)葡萄酒对于法国人犹如啤酒对于英国人。WineistoFrenchpeoplewhatbeeristoBritishpeople.Or:As,so.,.,28,5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy,4)青年之于社会犹如新鲜细胞之于人体。Youthsaretoasocietywhatnewcellsaretoabody.,.,29,Moreexamples,1.Asthetreewillturngreeninspring,soourdreamwillcometrueinthefuture.2.Asthelionisthekingofbeasts,soistheeaglethekingofbirds/sotheeagleisthekingofbirds.,.,30,Moreexamples,3.Asthechildhoodshowstheman,somornigshowstheday.4.Asbloodvesselsaretoamansbody,sorailwayistotransportation.=Thatbloodvesselsaretoamansbodyissuchsorailwayistotransportation.,.,31,Moreexamples,5.Asthemedicinehealsthewounds,sotimehealsheartbreak.6.Asemptyvesselsmaketheloudestsound,sothosewhohavetheleastwitarethegreatestbabblers.8.Aslungsaretotheanimals,soleavesaretotheplants.,.,32,Homework,Writeorcollect