2016 英语专四听力讲座原文和题目

-2016 TEM 4 Mini- Lecture text：What is Grit?Good afternoon, everyone. Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I would like to start my topic with my own story. When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job: teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades. What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids werent doing so well. Then I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores. 2I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study 1my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out. 3We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And whos going to earn the most money? We went to many places, and finally one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasnt social intelligence. It wasnt good looks, physical health, and it wasnt IQ. It was grit. What is grit? Well, 4grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, 5and working really hard to make that future a reality. 6Grit is living life like its a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. 7It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores and so on. To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me” How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run? Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. 8In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent. So far, the best idea Ive heard about building grit in kids is something called growth mindset. 9Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. 10Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they dont believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And thats where Im going to end my remarks, because thats where we are. Thats the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Nest time, I would like to share with my experience in building up students grit.2016 TEM 4 Mini- Lecture task：My questionl Why isnt IQ the only difference between situations?l What is the key to (1) _?My researchl Investigation of all kinds of (2) _, including:- West Point Military Academy- (3) _- Private companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of successl Grit is (4) _ for very long-term goals.l Grit is working hard for years to make (5) _l Grit is living your life like a (6) _My surveyl high school juniors took grit questionnairesl (7) _ kids were more likely to graduateGrit-buildingl little is known about how to build grit in students