初中定语从句课堂精品课件.ppt

1.Themanisaworker.,2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,合并句子:,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,定语从句,概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.,(Attributiveclause),Maryisabeautifulgirl.,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句,Maryisagirl.,Maryhaslonghair.,合并为一个句子,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,关系代词,关系副词,which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when,关系词作用,1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。,关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间),定语从句的用法:,当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.,Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.,当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.,who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who作定语从句的主语或宾语.,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Themanisaworker.,Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,分解,作主语,thetallthestrongtheclever,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语),TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Whom作定语从句的宾语,在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略.,Thewomanwhom/whotheywantedtovisitisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Theywantedtovisitthewoman.,分解,作宾语,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语),Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,whose作定语从句的定语.,Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.,分解,Iknowthegirl.,Thegirlsmotherisateacher.,作定语,Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿).A.whoB.whoseC.whosD.which,关系代词,3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.,Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.,4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.,CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.,2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.,关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),定语从句中需注意事项先行词是物，关系词只能用that,而不宜用which的情况1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.,2.先行词是something,nothing,anything，little,few,much,many,all,等不定代词时Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.,3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修饰时Isittheonethatyouwant?IhaventgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?,先行词前有theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等词修饰时，只能用that。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.,当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,先行词是物关系词只能用which不能用that的情况：先行词为that，those时，只能用which。例如：Whatisthatwhichisunderthedesk?Thosearethebooks(which)Iboughtyesterday.关系词前有介词时，Thisistheroominwhichhelives.,注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不用that1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,Exercise2:用关系代词填空,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.,Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.,3.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,根据汉语完成句子：6.Hereisthepen_.(你昨天丢失的）7.Thisisthebestbook_.(我读过的）8.Ihavelostthepen_.（我父亲给我买的）9.Wheatisaplant_.（中国北方种植的）10.Idontlikethepeople_.(说得多,做得少的）,(that)youlostyesterday.,(that)Ihaveeverread,(which/that)myfatherboughtme,which/thatisgrown,whotalktoomuchbutdolittle,inthenorthofChina,关系副词：when/where/why,when作时间状语:Shewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.,Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.,Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.,Itwastheyearwhen(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.,When=介词+which,where作地点状语,Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.,Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.,Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.,where=介词+which,why作原因状语,其先行词常常是thereason.,Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Imlate.,Iknowthereasonwhyhesai