非谓语动词用法大全.ppt

非谓语动词的运用与比较,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词,2.句法功能的区别：,1主语,动名词不定式,Itsdangeroustoplay/playingwithfire.,1.两者作主语一般可以通用，意义没有多大差别。,Inmanycountries,shakingonesheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Towriteasciencefictionishiswish.2.不定式一般表示特定的，具体的行为，特别是表将来的一次行为；动名词常表示抽象的，一般的行为。,3.在含有no,-less，常用动名词短语作主语。Itisnousedoing.;ItisuselessdoingItisnogooddoing;Itisnohelpdoing,2.表语,不定式动名词分词,Thestoryismoving.Awayofsaying“Iamhungry”ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Mytaskthisclassistoteachyouhowtograspthegrammar.,现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，相当于形容词，因此它前面可用very,quite或表示比较意义的more,most来修饰；动名词作表语说明主语的内容，可以与句中的主语交换位置。由于动名词具有明显的名词特征，故不能用以上表示程度或比较意义的词修饰。不定式则表示某一次具体的行为，类似于作主语。,Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Or:Playingfootballishishobby.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.,特别注意：Wish,hope,desire,dream,plan,order,decision等词作主语时，其表语一般用不定式，不用动词Ing形式。Mywishistobecomeafashiondesigner.MydecisionistovisitLondon.,3.宾语,动名词不定式,根据习惯搭配和语义区分,习惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,risk,consider,practise,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,excuse,escape,admit(承认)，delay,keep,putoffKeep(on)giveupinsistonbeusedtolookforwardtosticktodevoteto,bebusybeworthcanthelpobjectto（反对）payattentionto,习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,manage,prepare,learn,determine,prefer,intend,etc.,动名词与不定式的不同含义：beafraidtodo不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事beafraidofdoing担心、恐怕出现,Weareneverafraidtolaydownourlivesfortherightcause.为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.,2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事（已做）,Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot_(turn)itoff.,3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事（已做）,Doyouremember_(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember_(leave)tomorrow.,4)regrettodosth.遗憾地说/告诉regretdoingsth.后悔做了Iregret_(go)tohishometown.Iregret_(tell)youthetruth.,5)stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Youmusttry_(do)itagain.Letstry_(do)theworkinsomeotherway.,7)meantodosth.meandoingsth.Ifitmeans_(delay)morethanaweek,Illnotwait.Imean_(go),andnothingcanstopme.8)goontodosth.goondoingsth.,9）canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁，不禁canthelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做,10.permit/allow/advise+doingsth.+sb.todosth.但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却被动含义Thehouserequires/needs/wantsrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.,4.定语,动名词分词不定式,Doyouknowthemantalkingwithablackthere?Thecarryingpole扁担remindsmeofourbitterdaysinthepast.Therewillbemanypeopletohelpyou.,=whoistalking,Thepoleforcarryingthings,动词Ing作定语表示用途的短语AsmokingroomWorkinghoursAwaitingroomAdancinghallAwritingtableAbathingcap,1所含时态意义,thelaughingaudienceHaveyoureadthebook20,000LeaguesUndertheSeawrittenbyJulesVerne?Thenextboytoplaywenttothepiano.Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.,分词正在进行或发生了的动作不定式尚未实现的将来的行为或表示一般性叙述而无一定的时间性。动名词表示被修饰词的目的或用途,2逻辑关系：分词主谓关系（可改成定语从句）动名词表示被修饰词的目的或用途不定式多种逻辑关系,Thelab,tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuiltlastyear,3.现在分词和过去分词,fallingleavesfallenleaves,exitingnewsexitedstudents,-ing令人;-ed表示所修饰词本身的特征,adisappointingvoice;adisappointedvoice,2.不定式作定语Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.Heisalwaysthelast_(come)toofficePleasegivemeaknife_(cut)with.作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,5。宾语补足语,不定式分词,她叫我呆在这儿。Sheaskedmetostaythere.2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,带有to的不定式宾语补足语的动词有:OrderallowforcewarnTellwanthelpgetAskteachforbidbegEncourageadvisepersuaderemindcommand,注意,A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,Itscoldoutside,wehadthefireburningallnight.Mumhadhimwashtheplates.Isawhimgoupstairs.Isawhimgoingupstairs,（已经上去了，全过程）,（此刻的行为）,6。状语,不定式分词,1.Everydayheclimbedtoahighrocknearhiscavetokeepwatch.2.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.,目的（不定式作目的状语可置于句首或句末，可用inorderto或soasto代替,结果(不定式作结果状语从句，常用于tooto,enoughto中。有时也可表示未曾预料的结果，不定式前常加only）Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.出人意料的结果,3.Imverygladtohavethisstampagain.,原因,不定式主要作目的，结果和原因状语,4Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindapost-office.,条件,OncefleeingGermany,EinsteinwentfirsttoFrance,thentoBelgium2.Beingashyman,Einsteindidntattendthegreatcelebration.Notknowingheraddress,Ihadtotelephonehertocomeover.,时间,原因,3.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledog.Talkingandlaughing,thechildrenwalkedintotheschool.,方式，伴随,4.Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.Turningtotheleft,youcouldfindapost-office.5.Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.,条件,结果,6.Workinghardashedid,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.,让步,1。分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，结果,让步，状语,分词和不定式作结果状语,Tonysfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.分词主要表示动作发生后所引起的结果状态或必然产生的结果。Hewenthome,onlytofindhismoneystolen.不定式强调动作发生的过程或未曾料到的不愉快的结果；,现在分词和过去分词作状语,Lookingaround,Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.主语是分词所表示动作的执行者分词用doing/havingdone，Readmanytimes,thestoryseemsmucheasier.如果是分词所表示动作的承受者，分词用done/havingbeendone。,注意：,1。状态动词或相当于状态动词的一些词。,Shesatthere,lostinthought.Afteradayswork,hewenthome,tiredout.,2.一些使役性动词，如：disappoint/excite/surprise/move/interest/puzzle。,Thegame_(interest)theboys.Theboysare_thegame.Thegameis_.Iwonderwhyfootball_boys.A.hasinterestedB.isinterestedinC.interestingD.interested,interests,interestedin,interesting,A,_(excite)atthenews,theboysrushedtowatchthegame._(Fill)withjoy,Istartedoff.,Excited,Filled,3不定式在作表语/补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。Thisquestionisdifficult_(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_(work)with?Wefindthisrulehard_(remember).,独立成分这种不定式独立于句子之外，表示说话者的态度，语气等。又称评论性状语。Totellyouthetruth,wedontwanttoincludeyou.,常见的有：tobehonest,tobefrank，Totellyouthetruth,TospeakfranklyTobeginwith/tostartwith,有些分词已经转变为独立成分，含有“泛指”意义，在句中常作插入语。如：generallyspeaking,judgingfrom,talkingof,supposing假使；猜想,consideringJudgingfromhisaccent,heisasoutherner.,注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。Lookingaround,therewasnoone.Lookingaround,Ifoundtherewasnoone.Findinghimangry,Ibegantotelljokes.Foundhimangry,Ibegantotelljokes.,注2：表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while,when,until,once,though,aslongas,asif,evenif,unless引导。,When/whilecrossingthestreet,youmustbecareful.Aslongasgoingintothereadingroom,youkeepquiet.Oncelosingthischance,youcanteasilyfindit.Unlessinvited,Iwontattendtheget-together.,3非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例）,不定式,分词,Todo,Tobedone,Tohavedone,Tohavebeendone,Tobedoing,Tohavebeendoing,doing,Beingdone,Havingdone,Havingbeendone,如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for/of引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.,1不定式的复合结构:for/ofsb.todosth.,Itswrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.,Be+性质形容词+不定式Easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible.,描述主语身份，特征的形容词后常用of引导不定式的逻辑主语。Good,lazy,clever,wrong,careless,selfish,silly,careful,unselfish,polite,brave,nice,kind,honest,right,2动名词的复合结构：名词所有格(Marys)/形容性物主代词（my）+动名1逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。,Toms(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpected.ShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)cominghere.,2.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：只用名词普通格。Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.,3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，只有普通格。Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.,3分词的独立主格结构：,名词/代词分词,Weatherpermitting,wellgooutingtomorrow.Therebeingnointerestingprograms,hetu