康德的道德理论PPT课件

.1、Kantsmoraltheory康德的道德理论、2、Acase、The“learningexperiment”:、3、Acase、 支持者：这是合法的supporters:itjustfiable，自发的becausethersubjectshadnotbeencorcedbuthadvolunteerand从实验中得到了有用的信息experiment .反对者： critics :1.thev olunteerswerenotinformed志愿者不知道2.theyhadbeenusedbytheresearchersforanexperimentofwitheyh 、 历史背景historical background : immanuekant绝对命令Thecategoricalimperative对康德道德理论的评价evaluating Kantsmoraltheory完全和rfectduties康德道德理论的变体，5，historical background : immanuekant，我能知道什么？ anewcoperinevolution我应该做什么？ moralphilosophy伦理学基础fundamentals principles (or foundations ) ofthemetaphysicssofmorls (1785 )实践性批判Critiqueofpracticalreason(1788 )、6、 什么具有道德价值，反对结果主义的objecttocontialist:1 .我们不能总是控制我们行动的结果，事情不总是发展成我们所希望的那样。 幸福是目的，道德是工具，人似乎是手段。 事实上，人是目的，人最有内在价值。 tomamerralityamterforpdodingcertinterationstatesofaffairs，suchashappyexperience，putsmattersbackward .7，Whatgivesanactmoralworth 1 .人不是工具的peopleughtottobeud，butoughttoberegardedashavingthehighestintrinstitutevalue.(itiscentraltkantsbethics )2.行动的动机善良的意志“good will”: onlysuchawillsgoodunconditionly.everything els是sagoodwilltomakeitgood .行动从义务到Toact“outofduty”，outofaconceptrnant toempareminishonisvetheimpantecompoterthepovermotivermotionorintention (意图)，kanprtovoidesheeshepeeeperhatheheatheametoll.bu kantdiscussesthreepossiblemotives :10、自私义务、11、Whatistherightthingtodo？ Motiveactconsequences的动机的行动3354的结果是，12，Whatistherightthingtodo？ 行动的良好标准：1.义务“outo fduty”(havetherrightmotive )2.义务“accordingtoduty”(dowhatisright )，13，Whatistherightthingtodo？假设命令hypotheticalimprative(if(or理由) iwantx，thenIoughttodoY.)绝对命令(宣言命令) categoricalimprative (morlobligation : unconditionalornecesses 14 Thecategoricalimperative，第一表现方式the first form : actionlyonthemaximthatyoucanwillaugiversalaw应该将你的行动遵循的原则作为普遍的立法原理。 (普遍化)第二表现方式the second form : alwaysstreathumanity、whetherinyourownpersonorthatofanother、neversimmasnatiansbutalsatthesametetherinyourownpersonorthatofanother(人是目的)、15、 Otherforms其他表达式为weoughtalwaystoaskwhethethethereationactionwhethethereationwerecomplentatingcoldecomeauniversalawoff itisorganizeedaccordingtoolws ) weretretooashewhetheweecollecolledroursellsastheauthorofthemorapracticthatweareabletoaccet.werrebothesubjecttothemoralawandits worthewhethethetaticortionwortheticontingwildbefitingforandfurtherorpromotesuchcommunity kingdomofends (应用程序接口) .16、evaluating Kantsmoralthery评价康德的道德理论，积极价值Appealing:在公平、逻辑一致、尊重人的自主性、主张道德之前平等的itsentrespects-fairness， 一致性保护协议和dmorlyequalbes.theyareallsocementsopementapportradiationinmorality .17， evaluating Kantsmoralthery .讨论：1.道德义务的本质方面thentaterureofmororalobligation.morolationisrealmandstrictlybinding.(？ 2 .关于绝对命令的运用theapplicationofthecategoricalimprative.critics : (？18、whenustingheffirstformofthecategoricalimprativeherearemanythingsthaticouldwllasuniversarracticesthatwoldhardlyseetobement ) Respond:19、Insomesense， Kantstheheorrrrequireconsiderthepossiccaleconserdertheshipleconsingeshonusingsomeaction.itisjustliketheruleutilitarianism . thesecsedmentforthecthectiongoricaliminitrativallohasproblemsofapplication.in the concrete itisnotalwayseaseytodeterminewhetheron forexample，inscorreationandinsimplementinfleencommentationandinsimplementandinflenter ) respond :、21、evaluating Kantsmoralter Absolutism在两个义务发生冲突时，怎么做康德伦理理论才不给出答案呢？ themyaynotgieadequatehelpindecidingetodo，whetheneysemetogivescontratitytoditions，asintheexample，bothtottellthetruthandprese ) Respond:、22、evaluating Kantsmoralthery、4 .在道德平等方面morlequalityandimpartitykant : morlequality； impartiality.moraliyisgroundedinthewaysinwhichwearealeaspersonstatethanthewaysinwhichwearedifferentsindividuals .道德扎根于我们任何人都没有道德特权。23、Critics:( (？ ) inwhatdoesoralityrequiretheallityrequallprosesstretedquilyandinwaresthediferentsersonthedifediffery (equalityanddiscrimination ) 有只要求加下划线的，也有要求美德的？ itistoomale-orientedinitsfocusonreasonratherthannemotion.(？ ) Respond:、24、Perfectandimperfectduties是完全义务和不完全义务，完全义务是绝对的Perfectdutiesareabsolute .不完全义务是灵活的imperfect duties (meritoniusduties ) aremoreflexible .我们应该帮助他人(在力量所能及的范围内)完全的义务(康德反对利己主义)。 但是，我们绝对没有义务牺牲自己的全部生命来帮助他人。 westhouldh