名词性从句(201X)ppt课件

.,Grammar,NounClauses,.,Enjoythefollowingsayingsandpayattentiontotheunderlinedpart.1.Whatisdonebynightappearsbyday.若要人不知，除非己莫为。2.Youmustmowwhatyousow.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。3.Childrenarewhattheirmothersare.言传身教，耳濡目染。4.Thereisaproverbthateverydoghashisday.谚语云人人皆有得意日。,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,.,名词性从句的定义,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,.,名词性从句nounclauses,主语从句thesubjectclause,宾语从句theobjectclause,表语从句thepredicativeclause,同位语从句theappositiveclause,从句一律保持陈述语序,.,引导名词性从句的词:,连接词:that(不做成分也无意义),if/whether(不做成分但有意义“是否”),连接代词:who(ever),(在从句中做主,宾,)whom(ever),(在从句中做宾,表)which(ever)/whose,(在从句中做主,宾,表,定)what(ever),(在从句中做主,宾,表,“的事物”,“所”).注意：whoever,whatever等表示没有疑问，是泛指；而who,what等则表示有疑问，是特指。,连接副词：when(ever),where(ver),how,why.(在从句中分别做时间,地点,方式,原因状语),另外:asif/asthough也可以引导表语从句,.,主语从句(TheSubjectClause),在复合句中起主语的作用。,1.他星期三来这里是肯定的。,_iscertain.,注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上that(不做成分也无意义),2.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,_isnotcertain.,注意：主语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”(不做成分但有意义“是否”),hewillcomehereonWednesday,That,WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesday,.,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数.但what引导的从句做主语时,如果表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数.,Whathesaid_muchforustothinkabout.A.leaveB.leaves,ThatIshallworkwithyou_agreatpleasure.A.areB.is,Whatheleftme_someoldbooks.A.areB.is,_,_,_,_,.,主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。,Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere.,Thathewillcomehereisknowntous.,.,It+be+形容词that从句,Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat.重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntous/allthat.众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定,用it做形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,.,It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,It+不及物动词that从句,Itappears/seemsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,.,表语从句(ThePredicativeClause),在复合句中起表语的作用。一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等.另外,常用的还有thereasonwhyisthat和Itisbecause等结构。,1).我们的目的是他能认识到错误。,Ourpurposeis_.,注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。,2).问题是它是否值得做。,Thequestionis_,表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”.,hecanrealizehisfaults.,that,whetheritisworthdoing.,.,宾语从句(TheObjectClause),youwillcomehere.,我不知道你会来这里。,Idontknow_,注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分也无意义，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可以省略.,（that）,在复合句中起宾语的作用,用在及物动词/介词之后.,Myunclesaid(that)Peterwouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.,.,注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.从句是否定句时一般用if。但下列情况只能用whether:1.与ornot连用;2.作介词的宾语;3.后接动词不定式时;4.用if引导会引起歧义.,Pleasetellmeifyoulikeit.1.请告诉我你是否喜欢它.(宾语从句,用whether好).2.如果你喜欢它就告诉我.(状语从句).,Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay.,.,我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论他是否要来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。,Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcome.,Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.,Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?,Hedoesntcareifitisntafineday.,.,注意：,1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.,travels,.,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be),willbe,goes,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,.,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。这种情况that不可以省略.,1)Wethinkthatweshouldhelpothersourduty.,Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.,2)Ifindthatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodaysimpossible.,.,同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause),在复合句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where等。,他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。,Hegaveherapromise_.,hewouldcomebackintwomonths.,that,.,同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处:,1.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利)Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,（同从）,（定从）,.,Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?(不做任何成分且无意义,只起连接作用),Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?(指代fact又充当介词about的宾语),(同从),(定从),2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分且无意义；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,.,说出下列从句属于哪种从句：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）.,Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.,B,B,B,.,AsLongAsYouLoveMeAlthoughlonelinesshasalwaysbeenafriendofmine.Imleavingmylifeinyourhands.PeoplesayImcrazyandIamblind,riskingitallinaglance.Howyougotmeblindisstillamystery.Icantgetyououtofmyhead.Dontcareiswritteninyourhistory.Aslongasyoureherewithme,Idontcareyouare,yourefrom,ayoudid,aslongasyouloveme.,.,ayouare,yourefrom,dontcareayoudid,aslongasyouloveme.Everylittlethingthatyouhavesaidanddonefeelslikeitsdeepwithinme.Doesntreallymatterayoureontherun.Itseemslikeweremeanttobe.Ivetriedtohideitsothatnooneknows.ButIguessitshows,whenyoulookintomyeyes.youdidandyourecomingfrom,Idontcare,aslongasyouloveme.,.,AsLongAsYouLoveMeAlthoughlonelinesshasalwaysbeenafriendofmine.Imleavingmylifeinyourhands.PeoplesayImcrazyandIamblind,riskingitallinaglance.yougotmeblindisstillamystery.Icantgetyououtofmyhead.Dontcareiswritteninyourhistory.Aslongasyoureherewithme,Idontcareyouare,yourefrom,ayoudid,aslongasyouloveme.,that,what,who,where,what,How,.,ayouare,yourefrom,dontcareayoudid,aslongasyouloveme.Everylittlethingthatyouhavesaidanddonefeelslikeitsdeepwithinme.Doesntreallymatterayoureontherun.Itseemslikeweremeanttobe.Ivetriedtohideitsothatnooneknows.ButIguessitshows,whenyoulookintomyeyes.youdidandyourecomingfrom,Idontcare,aslongasyouloveme.,what,if,What,where,Who,where,.,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的