古希腊神和神话Greek Mythology

GreekMythology,Atfirstletsshareasadlovestory,Iloveyou,butIvekilledyou-Diana&Orion,Diana,thegoddessofthemoonandthehunt,Orion,Orion,thegreatandpowerfulhunter,Theyfellinlovewitheachotherdeeply.,Apollodisapproved.,ApollospiedOrionswimmingaloneinthesea,thenhetoldhissisterthatOrionsheadwasarock.,TrickedbyApollointoshootinganarrowatOrionsheadwhilehewasswimming,Dianakilledherlover!,Later,DianaaskedJupitertogavehimaplaceasaconstellation,Thelineofdeathcanneverdisappear.Theycouldonlyseeeachotherafarinthecoldsky.,LetitbeforgottenSaraTeasdaleLetItBeForgottenLetitbeforgotten,asaflowerisforgotten.Forgottenasafirethatoncewassinginggold.Letitbeforgottenforeverandever.Timeisakindfriend,hewillmakeusold.Ifanyoneasks,sayitwasforgottenLongandlongago.Asaflower,asafire,asahushedfootfallInlongforgottensnow.,忘掉它余光中译忘掉它，像忘掉一朵花，像忘掉炼过黄金的火焰，忘掉它，永远永远。时间是良友，它会使我们变成老年。如果有人问起，就说已经忘记，在很早，很早的往昔像花，像火，像静静的足音在早被遗忘的雪里。,SONGChristinaRossettiWhenIamdead，mydearest，Singnosadsongsforme；Plantthounorosesatmyhead，Norshadycypresstree；BethegreengrassabovemeWithshowersanddewdropswet；Andifthouwilt，remember，Andifthouwilt，forgetIshallnotseetheshadows，Ishallnotfeeltherain；IshallnothearthenightingaleSingon，asifinpain；AnddreamingthroughthetwilightThatdothnotrisenorset，HaplyImayremember，Andhaplymayforget,歌徐志摩译我死了的时候，亲爱的，别为我唱悲伤的歌；我坟上不必安插蔷薇，也无需浓荫的柏树；让盖着我的青青的草，淋着雨，也沾着露珠；假如你愿意，请记着我，要是你甘心，忘了我。我再不见地面的青荫，觉不到雨露的甜蜜；再听不见夜莺的歌喉，在黑暗里倾听悲啼；在悠久的昏暮中迷惘，阳光不升起，也不消翳；我也许，也许我记得你，我也许，我也许忘记。,DoyouknowthegodsintheGreekMythology?,GreekMythologyisagroupoftraditionaltalestoldbytheancientGreeksaboutthedeedsofgods,heroesandtheirrelationswithhumanbeings.希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和普通人类之间的关系。TheGreekmythologyisanimportantpartoftheancientculturewhichhasvastanddeepinfluenceonthewholewesternculture.希腊神话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧密的联系。ItsgreatinfluenceupontheEnglishlanguageandliteratureisbeyonddescription.AgreatnumberofwordsandidiomsintheEnglishlaguagecomefromtheGreekmythology.它在英语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语中的很多单词和语言表达方式都是来自希腊神话。,Inthebeginning,theuniverseisacosmosevolvingfromChaos.ChaosandGaea(theearth)generateeverythingthatexists,includingseas,mountions,godsandmonsters.ThenGaeasmatingwithhersonUranus(thesky),whichproduces12TianswithGronusastheirleader.宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即“混沌”)。卡俄斯和盖亚创造了大海、大山、神还有妖怪，并赋予他们生命。后来盖亚与她的儿子乌拉诺斯结婚，由此产生了以克罗诺斯为首的12泰坦。,Adivisedbyhismother,GrounsbeatsUranus,seversthelinkbetweenskyandearth,andbecomesthenewkingofthecosmos.Gronuscopulateswithhissister,RheatobringaboutZeusandsiblings,thefutureofolderOlympians.克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。,theoldtheogony:theTians（旧神谱:奥林匹斯十二泰坦）theoldtheogony:theGods（新神谱奥林匹斯十二主神）,Perseus(珀尔修斯)Jason(伊阿宋)Heracles(赫拉克勒斯)Theseus(忒修斯),Medusa(美杜莎)Minotaurus(米诺陶洛斯)Cerberus(刻耳柏洛斯),PART1：TheOlympianGodsandotherDeitiesPART2：HeroesPART3：Monsters,PART1：TheOlympianGodsandotherDeities,1、theTians2、theGods3、otherDeities,TheancientGreeksworshipedmanygods.Greekgodscanbedividedintoseveralgroups.TheearliestgroupwasTitans,ledbyCronus.ThemostpowerfulgroupwastheOlympians.TheOlympiansareagroupof12godswhoruledaftertheoverthrowoftheTitans.AlltheOlympiansarerelatedinsomeway.Theyarenamedaftertheirdwelling（住宅,住所）placeMountOlympus.,古希腊崇拜很多神,古希腊的神被分为几组,最古老一组的被称为泰坦,由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由个神组成，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯山。,theTians（十二泰坦）,Cronus(克罗诺斯):天空之神。Rhea(瑞亚):时光女神。Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯):水之神。Tethys(泰西斯):沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。Crius(克瑞斯):生长之神。Lapetus(伊阿佩托斯):灵魂之神。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(福柏):月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus(科俄斯):智力之神。Themis(忒弥斯):秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母。Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅):记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母。Hyperion(许配利翁):光之神Thea(忒亚):许配利翁之妻。,theGods（十二主神）,Zeus(宙斯):thegodofthesky.Hera(赫拉):thegoddessofmarriageandchildbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬):thegodofthesea,protector.Hades(哈迪斯):thegodthedeadandwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚):thegoddessoftheHearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯):thegodofwar.Hermes(赫尔墨斯):thegodofthievesandcommerce.Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯):thegodoffireandtheforge(熔炉).Apollo(阿波罗):thegodoflight.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯):thegoddessofchastity,virginity,thehunt,themoon,andthenaturalenvironment.Athena(雅典娜):theGreekvirgingoddessofreason,intelligentactivity,artsandliterature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德):thegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty.,Godoftheskyandtheearth.RuleroftheOlympiangods.Hewastheraingod,andthecloudgatherer,whoholdstheterriblethunderbolt.Hisbirdtheeagle,histreeistheoak.,Zeus宙斯,Zeuswifeandsister.Queenofthegods.Goddessofmarriageandchildbirthandtakesspecialcareofmarriedwomen.,Hera赫拉,MoststoriesconcerningHerahavetodowithherjealousrevengeforZeussinfidelities（不忠）.,BrotherofZeus.Godofthesea,protectorofallwaters.Hisweaponisatrident(三叉戟),whichcanshaketheearth,andshatteranyobject.,Poseidon波塞冬,HeissecondonlytoZeusinpoweramongstthegods.,Hewaswidelyworshipedbyseamen.,BrotherofZeus.Godofthedead.Ruleroftheunderworld.Godofwealth,duetothepreciousmetalsminedfromtheearth.,Hades哈迪斯,Hehasahelmetthatmakeshiminvisable.Herarelyleavestheunderworld.,Zeussister.Goddessofthehearth（灶台）.Thesymbolofthehousearoundwhichanewbornchildiscarriedbeforeitisreceivedintothefamily.,Hestia赫斯提亚,OfalltheOlympians,sheisthemildest,mostuprightandmostcharitable（仁慈的）.,SonofZeusandHera.Godofwar.Heisconsideredmurderous（行凶的）andbloodstained（血污的）butalsoacoward.Hewasdislikedbybothparents.,Ares阿瑞斯,Ares:Allthatyouhave,isdead!,阿瑞斯：“你所拥有的，只有死亡！”,SonofZeus.Godofcommerce.Messengerforalltheothergods.Guideforthedeadtogototheunderworld.,Hermes赫尔墨斯,HewasthecleverestoftheOlympiangods.Heisthefastestofthegods.Hewearswingedsandals,awingedhat,andcarriesamagicwand.,他是奥林匹斯山上最聪明的神。他是速度最快的神，他脚生双翼，头上戴有翅膀的帽子，手里拿着魔杖。,SonofZeusandHera.Godoffireandtheforg（熔炉）.,Hephaestus赫菲斯托斯,Heisthesmithandarmorer(兵器制造者）ofthegods.,Heiskindandpeaceloving.Heistheonlygodtobephysicallyugly.Heisalsolame(瘸的，跛的).,他是诸神的工匠，具有高超的技巧，制造了许多著名的神兵、神器。传说阿波罗驾驶的日车、厄洛斯的金箭银箭、宙斯的神盾都是他铸制的。,SonofZeus.Godofsun.Godofhealingwhotaughtmanmedicine.Godoftruth,whocannotspeakalie.,Apollo阿波罗,Thearcher,farshootingwithasilverbow(弓箭).,Apolloalsowasthegodofmusicandpoetry.Hecouldstirupallfeelings.Thesefeelingsareexpressedinloftysongs.WithhislyreofgoldandthesweetaccentsofhisgodlikevoiceheldthechoiroftheMusesatOlympus.,阿波罗也是音乐神和诗神。他可以唤起人们各种情感并表达于圣歌中的。在奥林匹斯山上，他拿着金里拉，用优美的音调来指挥缪斯合唱。,Heworeapurplerobe.Heusuallysatinhisbrighteasternpalaceearlyinthemorningandmadereadytostarthisdailyjourneyacrossthesky.,OneofApollosmoreimportaintdailytasksistoharnesshischariotwithfourhorsesanddrivethesunacrossthesky.Duringthedayhedrovehiscarriageofgoldandivory,andbroughtlight,lifeandlovetothegreatworldbelow.Lateintheafternoonhecametotheendofhisjourneyinthefarwesternseaandgotonhisgoldenboattoreturntohiseasternhome.,DaughterofZeus.HertwinbrotherisApollo.Goddessofthehunt,themoon,chastity,virginity,andthenaturalenvironment.Sheistheprotectoroftheyoungwomen.,Artemis阿尔忒弥斯,DaughterofZeus.Goddessofwisdomvictoryandwar.Shesprangfullgrowninarmour（盔甲）fromhisforehead，thushasnomother.,Athena雅典娜,Sheisfierceandbraveinbattlebut,onlywarstodefinedthestateandhomefromoutsideenemies.,Sheisthegoddessofthecity,handicrafts,andagriculture.Sheinventedthebridle（缰绳）,thetrumpet,theflute,thepot,theplow,theyoke,theship,andthechariot.Sheistheembodiment（化身）ofwisdom,reason,andpurity.,ShewasZeussfavoritechildandwasallowedtousehisweaponsincludinghisthunderbolt.HerfavoritecityisAthens.,Hertreeistheolive.Theowlisherbird.,Goddessoflove,desireandbeauty.Sherepresentedsex,affection,andtheattractionthatbindspeopletogether.,Aphrodite阿弗洛狄德,Inadditiontohernaturalgifts,shehasamagicalgirdlethatcompelsanyoneshewishestodesireher.Hertreeismyrtle.Doveisherbird.,Prometheus（普罗米修斯）,Creatorofmankind.Mansprotectorandbenefactor.Heshapedmanoutofmud.Hestolefireformankind,withtheresultthathewaspunishedformZeus.HewaschainedtoMountCaucasus,andeverymorninganeaglewouldappearedandatehisliver,whichgrowbackatnight.,PART2：Heroes,GreekheroeswerealmostasimportantasthegodsinGreekmythology.Heroeswerebigger,braver,andmorebeautifulthanordinarymenandwomen.Inmostcasestheirfathersorgrandfathersweregods,buttheirmothersweremortals,sotheywereoftencalleddemigods(half-gods).在希腊神话中，希腊英雄和希腊神同样重要。英雄们比普通的人类更强大、更勇敢。他们中大部分人的父亲或者祖父是神，但他们的母亲是普通人，所以他们经常也被称为“半神人”。,Perseus(珀尔修斯)Jason(伊阿宋)Heracles(赫拉克勒斯)Theseus(忒修斯),Perseus(珀尔修斯)ThesonofZeus.GotthehelpformAthenaandHermes,hekilledtheGorgon(蛇发女妖)Medusa.HefixedhiseyesonMedusasreflectionint