invisible-man-看不见的人-隐形人-Ralph

,RalphWaldoEllison(19141994),BorninOklahomaSonofaconstructionworker,LifeExperience,EarlylifeWritingcareerFinalyears,Daydreamedofbeing“RenaissanceMen.”ValuesandattitudesofNativeAmericansandwhites,aswellasblacks.AtDouglasHighSchool,Ellisonfollowedhisinclinationtowardmusic.,Earlylife,EarlyLife,In1933,theTuskegeeInstitute(塔斯克基学院)onascholarshiptostudymusic.Afterhisthirdyear,NewYorkCitytostudythevisualarts.Hestudiedsculptureandphotography.RichardWrightencouragedhimtobeawriterratherthanamusician.From1937to1944,overtwentybookreviews,shortstoriesandarticlespublishedinmagazinessuchasNewChallengeandNewMasses.,Writingcareer,DuringWorldWarII,EllisonjoinedtheMerchantMarine.From1947to1951,hespenttimeworkingonInvisibleMan.In1952,InvisibleManwaspublishedandwontheNationalBookAwardin1953.In1955,EllisonwentabroadtoEurope.HewroteanessaycalledANewSouthernHarvestinRomein1957.,Writingcareer,In1958,returnedtotheUnitedStatestoteachAmericanandRussianliteratureatBardCollege.In1964,EllisonpublishedShadowandAct,andbegantoteachatRutgersUniversityandYaleUniversity.In1969,receivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom.In1970,becameapermanentmemberofthefacultyatNewYorkUniversity.,Writingcareer,In1975,TheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters;theRalphWaldoEllisonLibrary(hishometownofOklahomaCity).In1984,theNewYorkCityCollegesLangstonHughesMedal.In1985,theNationalMedalofArts.In1986,hisGoingtotheTerritorywaspublished.,Finalyears,In1992,theAnisfield-WolfBookAwards.EllisonwasalsoachartermemberoftheFellowshipofSouthernWriters.DiedonApril16,1994,ofpancreaticcancer(胰癌)andwasburiedatTrinityChurchCemeteryintheWashingtonHeights.,InvisibleMan(1952),ShadowandAct(1964),GoingtotheTerritory(1986),MainWorks,TheFlyingPostman:AndOtherStories(publishedin1996),Juneteenth(publishedin1999),Invisibleman-Plot,BriefIntroduction:,RalphEllisonsInvisibleManisthestoryofayoungblackmanwhosenamethereaderneverlearns.HeisayoungmanfromtheSouthwhoishauntedbyhisgrandfathersdeathbedwarningagainstconformingtothewishesofwhitepeoplebecausetheyoungmanseesthatasthewaytobesuccessful.,invitedtothelocalclubreadthespeechrewardedforcedtoboxscramblearoundarug,goesofftocollegemakesadreadfulmistakerevealstheseediersideoftheblackracewhitemanisfeelingweaktakeshimtotheclosestplacehecanthinkof,thenarratortakesMr.Nortonbacktocampus.,Dr.Bledsoeexpelsnarrator,setsoutforthecitytakesajobinapaintfactoryhasanaccident.recoversandisreleasedonlytodumpaspittoonontheman,movesintoaroomCommunistpartybuildshimselfaroomcontemplatinghisrelationshiptorealityandtheinvisibilityhefeelsiscausedbyhisrace.runsintoMr.Norton,TheInvisibleMan-theme,Theme,RacismThelossofself-identityTheLimitationsofIdeologySeekingIndividualIdentity,Racism,Racism,TheWhiteRace,DiscriminationIgnoranceIsolationInsult,“OnenightIaccidentallybumpedintoaman,andperhapsbecauseoftheneardarknesshesawmeandcalledmeaninsultingname.”(P430),whetherhereallyexists?Whoishe?,Thelossofidentity,Astudentintheblackschool,AnassistantontheLibertyPaints,AmemberoftheBrotherhood,HefindsoutthemainthreecommunitiesshowtheprejudiceoftheBlackandthebiasforhowblackshouldbehaveinthesociety.Ineachcase,theprescribedrolelimitshiscomplexityasanindividualandforceshimtoplayaninauthenticpart.,Thenarrator,Rinehart,Whatishisidentity?,TheLimitationsofIdeology,“Brotherhood”,SavethepeopleGainanidentity,LimitofindividualfreedomAwhitemanspuppet,BlindnessBetraylimitation,SeekingIndividualIdentity,renewhisknowledgeaboutthefieldsofdefiningselfseekingselfandselfdiscoverydecidingtoemergefromhishibernation,facesocietyandmakeavisibledifferencerepresentinghisarousalfromthementalchaosorconfusedcondition,Characters,Characters,ThenarratorThekilledwhitemanTheoldladyandhersonRastheExhorterRinehartAjunkman,Inbrief,Indetail,Thenarrator,Hisattitudetowardssociety:Itisdehumanized.2,Hehimself,thenarratorinthefilm,(P6)“IdoubtifthereisabrighterspotinallNewYorkthanthisholeofmine.OrtheEmpireStateBuildingonaphotographersdreamnight.Butthatistakingadvantageofyou(deceive).Thosetwospotsareamongthedarkestofoutwholecivilizationourwholeculture(animportantdistinction,Iveheard)whichmightsoundlikeahoax.OracontradictionNotlikeanarrow,butaboomerang.”(P7)Thoughinvisible,IaminthegreatAmericantraditionoftinkers.ThatmakesmekintoFord,EdisonandFranklin.(P441）Yes,yes,yes!Letmeagreewithyou,Iwastheirresponsibleone,forIshouldhaveusedmyknifetoprotectthehigherinterestsofsociety,America,P1Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundings,themselves,orfigments(虚构的事，意造的事)oftheirimaginationindeed,everythingandanythingexceptme。P436Andatthatpointavoiceoftrombonetimbrescreamedatme,“Gitoutofhere,youfool!Isyoureadytocommitreason-betraythecountry?”Fromthecharacteristicsofthewhitemanwhowaskilledbytheinvisibleman.,Americans:,People:,Unawareofself-identityBlindness(Asmentionedbymypartner,Mangen):Thenarratorrepeatedlynotesthatpeoplesinabilitytoseewhattheywishnottoseetheirinabilitytoseethatwhichtheirprejudicedoesntallowthemtoseehasforcedhimintoalifeofeffectiveinvisibility.,Inconclusion:,Country:dark,proud,shaperacialconflictions,Thenarratorhimself,Thenarrator,nameless.considershimselfinvisiblebecausepeopleneverseehistrueselfbeneaththerolesthatstereotypeandracialprejudicecompelhimtoplay.Thoughthenarratorisintelligent,deeplyintrospective,andhighlygiftedwithlanguage,theexperiencesthatherelatesdemonstratethathewasnaiveinhisyouth.Asthenovelprogresses,thenarratorsillusionsaregraduallydestroyedthroughhisexperiencesasastudentatcollege,asaworkerattheLibertyPaintsplant,andasamemberofapoliticalorganizationknownastheBrotherhood.Sheddinghisblindness,hestrugglestoarriveataconceptionofhisidentitythathonorshiscomplexityasanindividualwithoutsacrificingsocialresponsibility.-Notmainlyfromtheprologue,Iamaninvisibleman.Iaminvisible,understand,simplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme.P437“Freedom”,Isaid.Maybefreedomliesinhating.liesinhating:drivenbythewhite.Soiftheblackwantsfreedom,theyhavetobreakthefoundedsocialorders.P4Ilearnedintimethoughthatitispossibletocarryonafightagainstthemwithouttheirrealizingit.P7Searchfortruth:Inmyholeinthebasementthereareexactly1369lights.Thetruthisthelightandlightisthetruth.,1,rejectedbysociety,2，LonelyandDepressed,P1IamaninvisiblemanP6IhavebeenboomerangedacrossmyheadsomuchthatInowcanseethedarknessoflightness.Lightconfirmsmyreality,givebirthtomyform.P440Iveilluminatedtheblacknessofmyinvisibilityandviceversa.AndsoIplaytheinvisiblemusicofmyisolationP439AtfirstIwasafraid;thisfamiliarmusichaddemandedaction,thekindtowhichIwasincapableIwasacoward“ButwhatdidIdotobesoblue?Beatwithme.”,3Unsuccessful,HisinvisibilityP2Youachewiththeneedtoconvinceyourselfthatyoudoexistintherealworld,thatyoureapartofallthesoundandanguish,andyoustrikeoutwithyourfists,youcurseandyousweartomakethemrecognizeyou.Andalsa,itsseldomsuccessful-uselessinotherpeopleseyes.,4，Ablackyouthwithaspiration,P1Iamamanofsubstance,offleshandboneandImightevenbesaidtopossessamindp7,Callme,sinceIhaveatheoryandaconcept,a“thinker-thinker”P6AndIlovelight.aninvisiblemanshouldneedlight,desirelight,lovelight.Lightconfirmsmyreality,givebirthtomyform.P7Inmyholeinthebasementthereareexactly1369lights.P439Buttoheararoundthemistoomuch;itinhibitsaction.AnddespiteBrotherJackandallthatsadlostperiodoftheBrotherhood,Ibelieveinnothingifnotinaction.P5Iamneitherdeadnorinastateofsuspendedanimation.CallmeJack-the-Bear(thetitleofaJazzrecording),forIaminastateofhibernation.P440ButIamanorator,arabblerouserAm?Iwas,andperhapsshallbeagain.Whoknows?Allsicknessinnotuntodeath,neitherisinvisibility.,unsuccessfulmanrejectedbysocietyLonelyandDepressedAblackyouthwithaspiration,Inconclusion:Thenarrator,Thekilledwhiteman,AmanAllman,Thekilledwhiteman,P3“whenitoccurredtomethatthemanhadnotseenme,actually;thathe,asfarasheknew,wasinthemidstofawalkingnightmare!”.“ThenIwasamused:Somethinginthismansthickheadhadsprungoutandbeatenhimwithinaninchofhislife.”,TheoldladyandHersonintheillusion,TomastertheLadyherSonHateLoveHateLoveoldyoungLoveviolencefreedom,Theoldladyandherson,Blackpeople,“Butwhataboutfreedom?“Leavemelone,boy;myheadaches!”“YoumadeMacry”Uncertainforwhatfreedomis,whatactualtheywant,whatpositionintheworld.,Theoldladyandherson,Others,RastheExhorterRinehartAjunkman,RastheExhorter,Astout,flamboyant,charismatic,angrymanwithaflairforpublicagi