高三英语第一轮复习：动词时态（二）外研社知识精讲

高三英语第一轮复习：动词时态（二）外研社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词时态（二）二. 重难点讲解：6. He has changed a lot. He _ not what he _. A. is, isB. was, wasC. is, wasD. was, is陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：“What place is it?” “Havent you found out we _ back where we _?”A. were, had beenB. have been, are C. are, wereD. are, had been答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。7. He is very busy. I dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.A. comeB. comesC. will comeD. is coming陷阱：此题容易误选B。认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。分析：其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if如果），而是宾语从句（即if是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：（1） I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know.A. comes, comes B. will come, will comeC. comes, will come D. will come, comes答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。（2） “When _ he come?” “I dont know, but when he _, Ill tell you.”A. does, comes B. will, will comeC. does, will come D. will, comes答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。（3） “When he _ is not known yet.” “But when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.”A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。8. The bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairing.A. is dated fromB. was dated fromC. dates fromD. dated from陷阱：此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。分析：其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（have existed since），它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如：The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。9. “Youve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off.”A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going陷阱：容易误选D。分析：A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：“Ive come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.”“我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应）Ive bought a typewriter and Im going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机）【典型例题】17. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I _.”A. almost haveB. almost hadC. almost didD. might have19. You _ television. Why not do something more active?A. always watchB. are always watchingC. have always watchedD. have always been watching20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you _ a lot?”A. Have you studiedB. Did you study C. Had you studiedD. Do you study21. “Whats your opinion on the matter, please?” “Oh, sorry, I _.”A. wasnt to listenB. havent listenedC. wasnt listeningD. hadnt listened22. “Aha, youre a chain smoker!” “Only at home. Nobody _ that but you.”A. discoveredB. had discoveredC. discoversD. is discovering23. The telephone _ three times in the last hour, and each time it _ for my father.A. had rang; wasB. has rung; wasC. rang; has beenD. has been ringing; is24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ him, but failed.A. has heldB. had heldC. was holdingD. would hold25. When I arrived at the company, the manager _, so we had only time for a few words.A. just went awayB. had gone awayC. was just going awayD. has just gone away26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really? I _.”A. didnt knowB. wasnt knowingC. dont knowD. havent known27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “Its a shame! He _!”A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised28. Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now.A. has hadB. was havingC. is havingD. has29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he _ home soon afterwards.”A. had goneB. has goneC. is goingD. went30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _ the housework all morning.”A. is doingB. was doingC. has doneD. has been doing 31. The books, _ the dictionaries, must be put back where they _. A. included; wereB. to include; areC. including; wereD. including; are 答案与解析：17. 选A。表示目前一种持续的状态。18. 选C。句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C。19. 选B。always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。20. 选C。根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过?”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。21. 选C。“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。22. 选C。答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。23. 选B。按英语语法，“in the last past+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。24. 选C。用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。25. 选C。由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。26. 选A。“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。27. 选B。根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 28. 选C。just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now。根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。29. 选D。Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他（发生在过去）之后不久。30. 选 D。现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。31. 选 C。第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。参考资料：时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。1. 如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.2. 如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. （2）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twice. （3）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didnt know when they would have a rest. （4）如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. （5）如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.【模拟试题】（答题时间：35分钟）31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. “This cloth _well and _ long.” “Ok. Ill take it.”A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. “Hurry up, you _ on the phone.” “Oh, Im coming. Thank you.”A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived atB. was arrived in C. was arrivedD. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look upC. Look out D. Look down44. “Have you _ him to give up smoking?” “No. I _, but he wouldnt listen.”A. persuaded/triedB. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I dont know when he _, but when he _, Ill let you know.A. will come/comesB. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D. will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didnt think/ are goingD. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt gotC. wouldnt getD. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _?A. hadnt sheB. didnt sheC. wouldnt sheD. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by53. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 54. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 55. Every possible means , but none prove successfu