大学英语四级听力技巧短对话

大学英语四级听力技巧,短对话,1事实状况题2行为活动题3观点态度题4地点场景题5谈论话题型6虚拟语气与否定转折题,7身份关系题8数字信息题,1.事实状况题,问题是关于谈话的一方或双方说了什么、所处状态、做某事的原因何在、结果如何等。提问方式通常为：Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?Whatdoesthemanmean?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?,解题技巧：1.根据选项特点判断问题类型（陈述事实情况，一般现在时或过去时）2.正确选项一般不会是原文的细节再现（同义转换，或根据内容推断事实)3.注意捕捉选项中的关键词(某事的原因或结果为考察重点，注意动词）,真题示例：2007-6-13AThemanregretsbeingabsent-minded.BThewomansavedthemansometrouble.CThemanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.DThewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.,M:IwishIhadntthrownawaythatreadinglist!W:Ithoughtyoumightregretit.ThatswhyIpickeditupfromthewastepaperbasketandleftitonthedesk.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?,2.行为活动题,问题是关于谈话的一方或双方做过、正在做、准备去做什么，或一方建议另一方去做什么。提问方式通常为：Whatwilltheman/womanmostprobablydo?Whatarethespeakersprobablygoing/tryingtodo?Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?,行为活动题,解题技巧：1.根据选项特点判断题型(选项一般是动词短语形式）2.听音时留意对话中的动词，尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息。3.注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。如：Whydontyou?Whatabout?Lets;Youdbetter;IfIwereyou,Iwould;Idliketo;Youmightaswell,行为活动题,真题示例：2007-12A.Haveashortbreak.B.Taketwoweeksoff.C.Continueherworkoutdoors.D.Goonvacationwiththeman.,M:Youvehadyourhandsfullandhavebeenoverworkedduringthelasttwoweeks.Ithinkyoureallyneedtogooutandgetsomefreshairandsunshine.W:Youareright.ThatsjustwhatIamthinkingabout.Q:Whatisthewomanprobablytodo?,3.观点态度题,问题是关于谈话一方对另一方或第三方的行为、品德、观点等的态度或评价。提问方式通常为：Whatdoesthewoman/manmean/imply?Howdoesthewoman/manfeelabout.?Whatdoesthewoman/manthinkof?,观点态度题,解题技巧:1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。(观点态度类试题的选项中一般都含有一些引出观点态度的动词或短语，常见的有：think,believe,find,guess,imagine,consider,asfarasIknow等。)2.熟悉表示观点态度的常见词语。3.把握说话人的语气。,观点态度题,真题示例:2006-6ATheEdwardsarequitewell-off.BTheEdwardsshouldcutdownontheirlivingexpenses.CItllbeunwisefortheEdwardstobuyanotherhouse.DItstooexpensivefortheEdwardstoliveintheirpresenthouse.,W:IhearthattheEdwardsarethinkingofbuyinganotherhouse.M:Shouldtheybedoingthatwithalltheotherexpensestheyhavetopay?Anyhow,theyareover70now,theirpresenthouseisnottoobad.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?,4.地点场景题,问题是关于对话发生的场合、地点或者涉及到的人或事物所处的位置。提问方式通常为：Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?Wherearethetwopeople?Whatkindofstoreisshegoingto?,地点场景题,解题技巧:1.抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。2.熟悉常考的地点。四级对话中常涉及的地点场景包括：clinicorhospital,restaurant,schoolorcampus,bookstore,railwaystation,airport,library,postoffice,bank,hotel,地点场景题,真题示例:2006-6AAtaclinic.BInasupermarket.CAtarestaurant.DInanice-creamshop.,M:Illhavethesteak,FrenchFries,andletssee,chocolateice-creamfordessert.W:Oh-oh,youknowthesethingswillruinyourhealth,toomuchfatandsugar,howaboutorderingsomevegetablesandfruitinstead?Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?,A)GroceryB)ShoeC)DrugD)Stationery,地点场景题,W:IllbehappytopickupsomethingsforyouwhileImatthestoreWhatdoyouneed?M：Somemilk，aloafofbread，andacartoonofeggsQ：Whatkindofstoreisshegoingto?,场景题型词汇小结：校园：campus,dorm,library(renewthebooks,overdue,payafine,bookshelf),lab,canteen,roommate,professor,semester,term,pass,fail,exam,course,credit,resume，tutor,graduate,presentation,speech,report,lecture,paper,scholarship银行：openanaccount,cashthecheck,buytravelerscheck,ATM,draw/depositmoney,balance,savings,餐馆：menu,atablefortwo,atableinthecorner/bythewindow,full,ondiet,treat,order,course,salad,wine,dessert，waiter,reserve,takeorder机场：board,flight,gatenumber,checkin,boardingpass,seat-belt交通：duetoarrive,fasttrain,non-stoptrain,xxminuteslate,postpone,delay,breakdown,trafficjam,flattire,speeding,payafine,邮局：businesshours,parcel,postage,letter,stamp等。家庭：darling,sweetheart之类的比较亲近的称谓语，watchTV,fixthewashingmachine,grocery,mowthelawn,sofa,kitchen,dining-room,haveabath等。旅馆：checkin/out,makeareservation,register,receptiondesk等。,租房场景,首先辨别是租房还是买房。Forlease,forrent出租与forsale出卖房子的类型有：公寓flat,apartment,学生宿舍dormitory(dorm),学生旅店studenthostel,青年旅店youthhostel，还有一种叫留宿当地居民家里homestay.一般房子有的家电或设施有：炉子stove,冰箱fridge,微波炉microwaveoven,洗衣机washingmachine,空调air-conditioner,电风扇electricfan,冷却器电暖炉radiator,电炉electricstoves，床上用品及其他物品有：枕头pillow,枕套和被单pillowcaseandbedlinen,被单被褥sheet,床垫mattress,毯子blanket,towel手巾毛巾，窗帘curtain，地毯carpet房子位置：Road(Rd.),Street(St.),lane小路巷,Avenue大道门厅的叫法：hall,lobby,porch阳台balcony，睡房bedroom,厨房kitchen,图书馆场景,主要考察情景和词汇catalogue(undertitles/authors/subjects)目录referencestacks书库librarycard/admissioncard借书卡dateslip/deadline/dateofexpiry期限due应付费overdueandpayafine过期并交罚款renew续借available可获得的outonloan借出的closedreserved只读不借incirculation在书库里outcirculation借走了notforcirculation不外借heldintheclosedreserved闭馆保存的classification分类category种类bibliography书目（籍者检索目录）periodical(magazinesandjournals)定期刊物returnintime及时归还interlibraryservice图书馆际服务open/closedshelves开架/闭架书库,选课场景,涉及选课主要是对语言的选择：Portuguese,Italian,Russian,Arabic,Mandarin(StandardChinese),Cantonese,Spanish.French,German选择级别：fundamental/elementary,intermediate,advanced选课的时间，日期。Timeanddate申请人：applicant,enrolmentadmissionofficeforeignstudentoffice,internationalstudent,oversea(s)student,新生报到会：新生报到会，一般向新生介绍学校的设施，选课情况，学校的历史，如何注册，应该做什么，不应该做什么。一般由Admissionoffice的Counselor来向新生介绍。新生入学及入学后大致过程register/enroll(登记、报到)一般会到studentunionofficeopeningceremony开学典礼orientationmeeting（介绍会）指学校综合情况orientationweek(初到校)适应周lecture（教师作的）讲演，报告tutorial（学生发言的）讨论课,度假场景,度假地的选择，交通工具的选择，住处的选择(这部分与租房类似)makeareservation预定confirmareservation确认预定bookaroom/table预订房间/饭桌cancelonesreservation取消预定firstcome,firstserve先到先服务原则（即不设预订服务）one-wayticket单程票round-tripticket往返票飞机里面的：VIP/firstclass头等舱businessclass商务舱economyclass经济舱Expressway高速公路，expresstrain高速列车付帐check(美国)cheque(英)A.T.M自动取款机cashier收银员loan贷款draw/withdrawmoney提款givethemoneyinfives/tens换成五元或十元面额pinnumber/password/code密码creditcard信用卡openastudentaccount.开个学生帐户checkthepresentbalanceinmyaccount.查询我帐户余额applyforapersonalloan.申请个人贷款changepoundsintodollars把英镑兑换.成美元thecurrentrate汇率,看病场景,考点：健康检查病症状况表现医生诊断结果治疗方案相关建议clinic诊所surgeon外科医生physician/internist内科医生oculist/eyedoctor眼科医生dentist牙医mentalhospital精神病医院vet兽医psychiatrist/shrink心理医生symptom症状flu流感have/catchacold感冒haveasorethroat嗓子痛haveastomachache胃痛haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽haveaheadache头痛,haveatoothache牙痛feeldizzy头晕feelchilly觉得发冷vomit/throwup/nauseate呕吐pills药丸eyedrops眼药水vitamin维他命tablet药片medication药物injection注射coldcure感冒药takeonestemperature量体温seeadoctor看病sendforadoctor请医生feelonespulse量脉搏takeonesbloodpressure量血压haveanoperation动手术makeanappointment预约,授课场景部分学科名称：literature文学philosophy哲学history历史art艺术sociology社会学linguistics语言学psychology心理学engineering工程学architecture建筑学business商务law法学economics经济学finance金融学accounting会计学banking银行学biochemistry生物化学,外表衣着gender性别bald/balding秃头haircolor头发颜色brown棕色blond金发碧眼的straight/curly/wavedhair直、卷、波浪发fairhair金发dyedhair染发partedinthemiddle中分aponytail马尾long/shortplaits长短辫子slim苗条的stout结实的、矮胖的slim苗条的plump丰满的面部：angular棱角分明的scar疤痕beard落腮胡子moustache/mustache上唇上的小胡子wearingglasses戴眼镜contactlenses隐型眼镜,旅游出行,travelagency旅行社booktheticket订票flightnumber航班号takeoff起飞land降落checkin办理登机手续motel汽车旅馆hostel青年旅社passport护照visa签证creditcard信用卡drivinglicense/licence驾照expire(v.)驾照/护照等过期platform站台museum博物馆souvenir纪念品artgallery画廊hiking徒步旅行hitch-hike搭便车旅行surfing冲浪skiing滑雪walkingboots行军靴bag-packer肩背大包进行自助旅行的人,学校学习,enrolment注册applicationform申请表selective/elective/option选修课requiredcourse/compulsorycourse必修课coursearrangement课程安排letterofrecommendation推荐信programme/program某一专业的课程总称school学院graduateschool研究生院undergraduate本科postgraduate研究生SchoolofArtsandSciences文理学院score成绩credit学分degrees学位assessment对学生的学习情况进行评估handout上课老师发的印刷品assignment作业presentation针对某一专题进行的发言project需要学生进行独立钻研的课外课题paper/thesis/dissertation论文/硕士论文/博士论,essay短论文journal周记/每周要做的作业participation/attendance出勤lecture老师的讲课tutorial助教的辅导TA(TeachingAssistant)助教officehour教授与学生面谈的时间coordinator课程协调人/班主任professor教授associateprofessor副教授assistantprofessor助理教授lecturer讲师dean系主任counselor辅导老师adviser/mentor导师president校长chancellor名誉校长faculty教职员工的总称principal(中学)校长headmaster小学校长headmistress小学校长（女）,accountant:会计automechanic:汽车技工blacksmith:铁匠boxer:拳击手baker:烘培师barber:理发师(男)baseballplayer:棒球选手actor:男演员actress:女演员anchor:新闻主播architect:建筑师artist:艺术家associateprofessor:副教授astronaut:宇航员.attendant:服务员busdriver:公车(巴士)司机butcher:屠夫,肉商,carpenter:木匠cartoonist:漫画家cashier:出纳员chemist:化学师clerk:店员computerprogrammer:程序员constructionworker:建筑工人cook:厨师customsofficer:海关官员dancer:舞者dentist:牙科医生designer:设计师,5.谈论话题题,问题是关于对话中所谈论的话题或对象。提问方式通常为：Whataretheytalkingabout?Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?,谈论话题题,解题技巧:1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。（选项概括性都较强，且通常为短语）2.捕捉与话题相关的关键词。3.注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。,谈论话题题,真题示例:2008-6A.Atragicaccident.B.Asadoccasion.C.Smithsunusuallifestory.D.Smithssleepingproblem.,W:DidyouhearJaySmithdiedinhissleeplastnight?M:Yes,itsverysad.Pleaseleteverybodyknowthatwhoeverwantsto,mayattendthefuneral.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?,6.虚拟语气与否定转折,解题技巧关键是否熟悉特殊表达方法，理解说话者意思。提问方式:whatdoestheman/womanmean/imply?whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?whatdoesthewomanthinkof?,虚拟语气是考试中最容易失分的一个部分，而虚拟语气又常常作为考查点出现在条件句中。虚拟语气，顾名思义，是虚拟的一种情况，换句话说，是和现实情况相反的或者不太可能出现的。使用虚拟语气的条件句又称为非真实条件句，它和一般的真实条件句存在很大的区别。例如：W：Willyougotothepartytonight？M1：IwillifIhavetime.M2：IwouldifIhadtime.M1的回答表明，他如果有时间会去，这是一个真实的条件句；而M2的回答使用了虚拟语气，是一个非真实的条件句。也就是说，他有时间的可能性微乎其微，所以他是不会去的。可见对含有虚拟语气的非真实条件句的解读方式是和真实条件句不同的，或者说是相反的。解虚拟语气的思路简单说就是“反着选答案”。如果听到的虚拟语气是一句肯定的说法，那么真实的情况就是否定的。反之亦然。,例如：IwouldnthavetroubledhimsomuchifIhadknownhewassobusy.这句话使用的是否定“不打扰教授”但是因为是虚拟语气，表示和过去的情况相反，那么事实的情况是“经常打扰”。这就是虚拟语气“反着选答案”的解题方式。,虚拟语气类：IfIwereagirl,Iwouldmarryyou.Wereheyounger,hewouldlearnskating.IwishIhadmoretimetospendwithyou.IfonlyIdlistenedtowhathewassaying,ImsureIcouldworkitout.Youshouldhavedoneyourhomework.ItishightimethatIwenthome.Hebehaveasifheownedtheplace.,特殊否定类：YouarethelastpersonIwanttosee.Heneverfailstowriteaweeklyletterhome.Icouldntagreewithyoumore.Icantfeelbetter.Notasinglepersonwasabsent.Everyonecannotdothistest.,真题解析：2006-12A.Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B.ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C.Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D.Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.,W:Havingvisitedsomanycountries,youmustbeabletospeakseveraldifferentlanguages.M:IwishIcould.ButJapaneseand,ofcourseEnglisharetheonlylanguagesIcanspeak.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?,but后面的信息据统计，四级听力含有but的考题中，考but之后的信息的占到95%，而考but之前信息的题目只有5%。以下一些例子中，可以体会but在各种话题的短对话中的使用情况。1）数字计算题：W：Howmuchtimedidyouhaveforwritingthepaper？M：Weweregiventhreehours，butIfinisheditinlessthanhalfthetime.Q：Howlongdidittakethemantowritehispaper？本题中，but后面的信息和前面的信息结合才能得到正确的答案。数字题一般不会直接在对话中出现答案，大多数题目需要计算，而but就是计算的一个重要信息点。,7.身份关系题,问题是关于对话中某个人物的职业身份或对话双方的关系等。提问方式通常为：Whatsthewomansjob?WhatmostprobablyisMary?Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthe(two)speakers?W