人教版九年级英语三单元知识点

（一）课文详解 1、get a dictionary.(P17)get此处为及物动词“获得、得到”，其后常跟名词作宾语。get之后跟双宾语，常用短语：get sb. sth = get sth for sb eg: He got a letter from his friend yesterday. Get me a cup of tea. = Get a cup of tea for me.get常构成的短语有： get up起床 get over克服、恢复 get on / off 上、下车 get along / on with与.相处 get back取回2、buy a newspaper(P17)1)buy及物动词，常用结构有：buy sb sth = buy sth for sb buy sth from sb eg: He bought me this book = He bought this book for me. I bought this watch from a friend for $10.2)buy是非延续性动词，不能与how long及for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。表示“某物买了多长时间”用have代替buy eg: I have had the bike for two months. How long have you had your dictionary3)buy的反义词是sell，常用短语有：sell sth to sb = sell sb sth eg: I sold my car to my younger brother. = I sold my younger brother my car.3、Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore?(P17)1)Could you please.?表示委婉的请求，后接动词原形。类似的表示请求的句型还有：Would / Will you please do sth? Would you like to do sth?2)could为情态动词，也是can的过去式，在表达请求时，could与can没有时态上的差别，只是could的语气比较委婉和客气3)hot to get to the bookstore是“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构。疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等与动词不定式连用，常用语tell, show, know, teach, learn, explain等后作宾语，“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构所表示的动作通常是未发生的，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常要加情态动词或用将来时态。 eg: He didnt know what to say. = He didnt know what he should say.4、Sure,just go along Main Street until you pass Center Street.(P17)1)go along “沿着.向前走”，与go down / up同义，常用于指路。常用的句子还有：walk along / down this road / street turn left / right at the + 序数词 + crossing / turningyou can take the No. + 数字 + bus and get off at.Its next to / across from walk on and turn left / right2)until 与 till的用法区别until可以放在句首，till不能。till多用于口语中。两个词都可以用作介词，也可以用作连词。作介词时，后接词或短语，在句子中作状语；作连词时引导时间状语从句。until / till用于肯定句中，句子或主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until / till所表示的时间为止。这样的动词有live, wait, last, work等 eg: He watched TV until / till midnight last night. I waited for him until / till he came back.until / till用于否定句中，其句型为：not.until / till“直到.才.”或“在之前不”，通常与非延续性动词连用，强调句子或主句所表示的状态或动作从until / till所表示的时间才发生，句子或主句必须是否定句。表示非延续性的动词有come, go, leave, meet, realize, understand, reach, get, arrive等 eg: He didnt go home until / till ten oclock. I hadnt realize the thing was so serious until / till she told me about it. = Until she told me about it, I hadnt realized the thing was so serious.5、go to the thinrd floor(P18)the first floor the second floor the third floor (美式英语)the ground floor the first floor the second floor(英式英语)6、turn left(P18)1)turn left = turn to the left.此处turn是不及物动词，意为“转向”turn的其他用法作不及物动词，“转动，转身” eg: Ricky turned and walked away.作及物动词，“转动，旋转” eg: He turned the key in the lock.作连系动词，“变为，成为” eg: When spring comes, the trees turn green.作名词，“轮流” eg: Its your turn to read now.与turn有关的短语：turn right = turn to the right turn on / off turn down / up 2)left adv.“向左，在左边” n“左边” adj“左边的” v.“离开”（leave的过去式和过去分词） eg: The little boy is sitting on my left. I left my homework at home.7、go past the bookstore(P18)go past “经过”相当于pass，其中past为介词，“从旁边过去” eg: The train went past us without stopping at the station.past“从旁边经过”，表示时间上的“超过”或空间上的“经过” eg:The man is walking past a shop.over“从上方跨越而过”，表示动作发生在物体的上方 eg: There is a bridge over the river.across“横穿、越过”，表示动作是在某一个物体的表示进行的，强调从一端到另一端 eg:The little boy is walking across the road.through“穿过，越过”，表示动作是在某一空间内进行的，强调从内部穿过 eg: He can go through the forest by himself.8、Nine thirty, so you dont need to rush!(P18)rush此处用作不及物动词，“仓促、急促”，也可用作及物动词。常用短语：rush to do sth eg: He sprang up and rushed to the door. Shes always rushing to finish first.rush用作名词时“匆忙、高峰”，常用短语：in a rush rush hour9、I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World.(P19)suggest及物动词“建议、提议”名词形式：suggestion.其用法为：suggest sth“建议某事” eg: He suggested a walk.suggest doing sth“建议做某事” eg: She suggested going there by bike.suggest + that引导的宾语从句，这时宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should ）+ 动词原形 eg: He suggested that we should do it at once.10、On their way to Water City Restaurant, Alice and He Wei pass by Uncle Bobs.(P19)1)on ones way to.“在某人去的路上” eg: Yesterday I met a friend of mine on my way to school.常见的与way相关的短语有：by the way顺便说一下 in a way在某种程度上 in the way挡路，妨碍in this way通过这种方法 lose ones way迷路2）Uncle Bobs = Uncle Bobs restanrant,当名词所有格限定的是表示住宅、诊所、商店等名词时，该名词通常可以省略。 eg: They are at the doctors(office). He is going to his aunts(house) this Sunday.11、Its always busy, so come a little earlier to get a table.(P19)a little earlier“早一点儿”,其中a little 在句中修饰比较级earlier.在形容词比较级前常用much, a little, a bit, even, still等来修饰，表示程度进一步加深。 eg: I have much more homework than him. He is even busier today.12、Sally needs to mail a letter.(P20)mail此处用作及物动词，“邮寄”，相当于动词post，还可意为“发店子邮件”。 其后可以跟双宾语，构成短语： mail sb sth = mail sth to sb Eg: Please mail this letter to your father.mail用作不可数名词，“邮件、信件”，合成词有：e-mail电子邮件， airmail航空邮件 eg: Whe he got to the office, he found a lot of mail waiting for him.13、Ben is wondering if theres a bank in the shopping center.(P20)shopping center购物中心。动名词shopping在此处作定语，修饰后面的名词。动名词常置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途或者性能。 eg: a swimming pool = a pool for swimming a waiting room = a room for waiting14、fascinating(P21)fascinating adj“迷人的、有吸引力的”，通常用作表语和宾语，作表语时，主语通常是物。 eg: Your ideas are fascinating.fascinate vt. “使着迷、使感兴趣” eg: The toys in the shop window fascinated the children.fascination cn. & un “魅力、极大的吸引力” eg: Chinese art has a great fascination for me.fascinated adj“着迷的”，主语通常是人 eg: I used to be fascinated with dinosaurs.15、inexpensive(P21)inexpensive adj“不贵的”，同义词为cheap,反义词为expensive / dear,1)在一个单词的前面货后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。前缀一般不引起词性的转变，而只是引起意思上的变化。expertinexpert不熟练的；completeincomplete不完善的；possibleimpossible不可能的。2)英语中常见的前缀有：dislike, disagree, impossible, impolite, unable, unlike, unhappy, unhealthy注：陈述句中如果有带否定词缀的单词，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反义疑问句中的附加疑问部分用否定形式。 Eg: She is unhappy, isnt she?16、convenient(P21)convenient adj“方便的、便利的”，常用句型：Its convenient for sb to do sth eg: Its convenient for us to do that.convenience n. “方便、便利、有用的设施”既可作可数名词、也可作不可数名词 eg: I keep my books near my dest for convenience. The house has all the modern conveniences.17、safe(P21)safe adj“安全的”常用作表语。be safe后面一般接动词不定式，常构成句型：Its (not) safe to do sth“做某事是（不）安全的”；safe from后接表示危险、危害等的名词，意为“不要受到.的伤害” eg: Its not safe to swim alone in the river. You will be safe from danger at home with your parents.人与人之间的距离虽然摸不着，看不见，但的的确确是一杆实实在在的秤。真与假，善与恶，美与丑，尽在秤杆上可以看出；人心的大小，胸怀的宽窄，拨一拨秤砣全然知晓。人与人之间的距离，不可太近。与人太近了，常常看人不清。一个人既有优点，也有缺点，所谓人无完人，金无赤足是也。初识时，走得太近就会模糊了不足，宠之；时间久了，原本的美丽之处也成了瑕疵，嫌之。与人太近了，便随手可得，有时得物，据为己有，太过贪财；有时得人，为己所用，也许贪色。贪财也好，贪色亦罢，都是一种贪心。与人太近了，最可悲的就是会把自己丢在别人身上，找不到自己的影子，忘了回家的路。这世上，根本没有零距离的人际关系，因为人总是有一份自私的，人与人之间太近的距离，易滋生事端，恩怨相随。所以，人与人相处的太近了，便渐渐相远。人与人之间的距离也不可太远。太远了，就像放飞的风筝，过高断线。太远了，就像南徙的大雁，失群哀鸣。太远了，就像失联的旅人，形单影只。人与人之间的距离，有时，先远后近；有时，先近后远。这每次的变化之中，总是有一个难以忘记的故事或者一段难以割舍的情。有时候，人与人之间的距离，忽然间近了，其实还是远；忽然间远了，肯定是伤了谁。人与人之间的距离，如果是一份信笺，那是思念；如果是一个微笑，那是宽容；如果是一句问候，那是友谊；如果是一次付出，那是责任。这样的距离，即便是远，但也很近。最怕的，人与人之间的距离就是一句失真的谗言，一个不屑的眼神，一叠诱人的纸币，或者是一条无法逾越的深谷。这样的距离，即便是近，但也很远。人与人之间最美的距离，就是不远不近，远中有近，近中有远，远而不离开，近而不相丢。太远的距离，只需要一份宽容，就不会走得太远而行同陌人；太近的距离，只需要一份自尊，就不会走得太近而丢了自己。不远不近的距离，多像一朵艳丽的花，一首悦耳的歌，一首优美的诗。人生路上，每个人的相遇、相识，都是一份缘，我们都是相互之间不可或缺的伴。人与人之间的距离虽然摸不着，看不见，但的的确确是一杆实实在在的