



全文预览已结束
下载本文档
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
高考英语语法:非谓语动词非谓语动词是指不充当谓语的动词形式, 主要有: 动词不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词), 动名词. 有关非谓语动词的概述参看 语法框架中 非谓语动词部分动词不定式一.形式: 动词不定式的一般式是to do, 另外还有一些变化形式如下表:主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing二.动词不定式在句中的作用: 作主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语1.作主语:.不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. to smoke is a bad habit.b. to know is one thing; to do is another.不定式做主语时, 通常将不定式后移, 而在其位置上用形式主语ita. it is polite to write to your host and say thank you.b. it is the custom in france to shake hands a lot.2.作宾语:.不定式通常作动词的宾语, 也能作少数介词的宾语a. we want to learn some body language.b. i dont know what to do next.在but(除了) / except (除了)等少数介词的后面, 可以用带to的不定式作宾语, 但如果but / except前有实义动词do的某个形式时, 则but / except后的不定式省略toa. i had no choice but to work hard.b. there is nothing left to do but lie down and sleep.3.作宾补:.跟不定式作宾补的动词常见的有: advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, get, force, invite, expect, order, permit, persuade, require, want, warn, teach, wish等a. body language helps you to communicate with foreigners.b. would you like me to help you?c. do you want me to find out the phone number?.有些及物动词(主要是感官动词和使役动词)后用不定式作宾补时, 不定式的符号to要省略, 这类及物动词如: let, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, watch, have等. 变成被动语态时, 省略的to要加出a. i heard him go downstairs very early that morning.b. the workers were made to work long hours by the boss.4.作表语a. our work is to clean the windows.b. my advice is not to drink any more.5.作定语:.不定式作定语时要后置a. children, i have something to tell you.b. i am very busy; i have some letters to write.动词不定式作定语时, 其中的动词与被修饰词在逻辑上有主谓关系, 动宾关系或同位关系. 如果是动宾关系, 则要求不定式动词是及物的, 否则, 要在不定式动词后加上适当的介词a. he is always the first one to get up.b. every morning she would bring him the papers to read.c. the roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.6.作状语:.不定式作状语时多表示目的, 原因, 结果等a. he got up very early to catch the first bus.b. we eat to live; we dont live to eat.c. we woke up only to find everybody gone.d. we are glad to hear of your success.e. they jumped with joy to see him back.不定式作结果或程度状语时常见的五种搭配是: soas to/ suchas to/ enoughto/ tooto/ only toa. tom was so foolish as to tell lies to the police.b. i am such a fool as to think that he is warm-hearted.c. i hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have.d. it was too late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.e. he arrived at the station, only to find the train had left.三.使用动词不定式时应注意的问题:1.动词不定式省略符号to的情况:.在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式省略to(参看上文).在一些固定结构中,.动词不定式省略to, 如: rather than do sth, would rather do sth, had better do sth, why not do sth.a. rather than ride on a crowed bus, he always prefers a bicycle.b. why not go out for a walk ?c. i would rather play football than basketball.当两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时, 第二个不定式的符号to可以省略a. i intend to call on him and discuss the question again.b. she asked you to call or write to her on sunday.c. i havent decided to go home or to stay at school this summer.2.动词不定式位于某些形容词之后, 构成以下句型: s + be + adj. + to do. 在此句型中, 句子主语与不定式动词do有两种关系:.句子主语与不定式动词是逻辑主谓关系a. they were eager to know everything about china.b. i am sorry to keep you waiting.句子主语与不定式动词是逻辑动宾关系, 这时, 如果不定式动词是不及物, 则需加上适当的介词a. the question is easy to answer.b. the chair is very comfortable to sit on.3.疑问词(除why以外) + to do常含有应该如何如何之意, 可替换成相应的名词从句a. would you tell us what to do now? (=would you tell us what we should do now?)b. can you tell me where to get the book ? ( =can you tell me where i should get the book ?)4.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时, 动词不定式常常省略to之后的内容, 而保留toa. did you go to see the great wall ? no, i wanted to, but there wasnt time.b. he wanted to go to beidaihe, but he wasnt able to.5.不定式的完成式在plan, hope, expect, would like等之后, 表示事实上没有实现的行为a. he planned to have gone abroad. 他原计划出国(但事实上没有去)b. i hoped to have seen her. 我原希望见到她的(但事实上没见到)c. i would like to have had your help. 我本想得到你的帮助的(实际上我没有得到)d. the enemy expected to have found him. 敌人本来指望找到他(实际上没找到)6.动词不定式的复合结构: for / of sb to do sth. 其中sb是不定式动词do的逻辑主语a. no permission has been given for anybody to enter the building.b. it was a mistake for her to do such a thing.c. i opened the door for her to come in.d. it is very kind of you to help me.现在分词一.形式: 现在分词的一般式是doing, 另外还有一些变化形式如下表主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving been done二.现在分词在句中的作用: 作定语, 状语, 宾语补足语, 表语1.作定语:a. i dont know the quarrelling couple.b. the woman coming to paris from london was lucie manette.2.作状语: 现在分词作状语时, 可以表示时间, 原因, 伴随动作, 方式等, 或对谓语动词所表示的动作加以修饰或说明a. entering the small room, defarge found dr manette making a shoe.b. knowing that she was an experienced worker, they often asked her for help.c. he ran after me, holding something in his hand.d. please fill in this form, giving your name, address, etc.e. having brought her father back to england, lucie helped him to get better.f. the poor of the cities, having lived such a hard life, took up guns.g. so he left france, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him.3.作宾补:a. dont make any noise! don you see the child sleeping ?b. i saw them playing on the playground at six oclock.4.作表语:a. the film is very moving (感人的).动名词一.形式: 动名词的形式与现在分词完全相同二.动名词在句中的作用: 动名词在句中起着名词的作用, 可以作主语, 宾语和表语1.作主语:a. planting wheat close together is very important.b
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 高中数学竞赛试题及答案
- 野餐生活常识试题及答案
- 中学生计算机编程竞赛试题及参考答案
- 初中数学竞赛试题及答案
- 考研政治试题及答案
- 2025年安全生产管理人员安全生产应急救援预案编制试题及答案
- 湖南省娄底市第二中学2023年高三上学期语文8月练习试卷(含答案)
- 汽车涂装厂流水线试题带答案
- 五年级信息技术上册 第七课 展示真我风采说课稿2 浙江摄影版
- 食物的消化与吸收说课稿-2025-2026学年中职专业课-烹饪营养与安全-中餐烹饪-旅游大类
- 共享实验室合作协议书
- DBJ04-T 290-2012 袖阀管注浆加固地基技术规程
- 2025-2026学年华东师大版(2024)小学体育与健康三年级全一册《健康行为与生活方式》教学设计
- 客服人员安全操作培训课件
- 沪科版七年级上册数学第一次月考全真模拟试卷(含答案)
- 《小学语文课程与教学》课件 第3-7章 拼音识字写字教学-小学语文教师的数字化素养
- 城管协管员面试题目及答案
- 第12课 动物的反应 课件(内嵌视频) 青岛版科学一年级下册
- DL-T 794-2024 火力发电厂锅炉化学清洗导则
- 地质项目合同管理办法
- 天津市受问责干部管理办法
评论
0/150
提交评论