高考非谓语动词专项讲解

非谓语动词（复习）non-infinitive,06年高考语法复习,一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。,二、非谓语动词的句法功能,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing,disappearedB.seized,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,四、非谓语动词作主语和表语高考题点击：1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_.(01上海)A.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(05北京卷)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些结构：在Itsnouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：Itsnousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较：Theresnoneedtotellhimaboutit.,B)在Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Itseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todoItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)后加ofsb.todo,3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(99N)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，古表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeistonottodo句型，故选B。,五、非谓语动词作定语,高考题点击：1.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe_murderlastnight.（04江苏）A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted,3.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2002北京春季)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung4.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(99上海)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在time,chance,right等名词后；在序数词后；在wish,need,demand,requirement等词后。D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done表示已经完成的动作tobedone表示尚未开始的动作beingdone表示正在进行之中的动作,六、非谓语动词作宾补高考题点击：Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto,为了避免重复，常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,Idliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell外，常见的还有：adviseallowcauseencourageforbidforceintendorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireurgewarnaskwishwant等特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。,2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,结构:havesb./sth.do;havesb/sth.done;havesb./sth.doing;,4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(00N)carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay,七、非谓语动词作宾语高考题点击：1.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.(95N)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.(00N)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,C,B,注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,等；注意2：动词know,show等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。,3.Ireallyappreciate_torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(01上海)A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime,B,仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admitappreciateavoiddelayenjoyescapeexcusepreventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggeststandforgivekeep但如果在allowadvisepermitforbid后提到有的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词want,need,require,demand等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。,4.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(95N)todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.-Dontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(99上海)A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.(02上海)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting,D,B,A,Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(94N)A.riderideB.ridingrideC.ridetorideD.torideriding,注意prefer的几个常用句型：prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.prefer+n.to+n.,C,11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.(01上海春季)A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup12.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.(02北京)A.tosolvingmakingB.tosolvingmadeC.tosolvemakingD.tosolvemade,B,B,要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。admitto，beaccustomedto习惯于，beusedto，stickto，turnto，devoteoneselfto，bedevotedto，lookforwardto，payattentionto,getdownto等,八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：1.-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees,C,A,D,4._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope,loseoneselfinsth.表示“陷入”，主语he为lose的宾语。,given作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于considering。,C,A,B,九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动高考题点击：Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(97N)A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,D,A,3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.(01上海)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.(02N)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,D,B,5._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.(02上海)A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01N)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Su