管理学专业英语课件宓智瑛

EnglishforDecisionmakers:ACourseinModernManagement,cuizhongliang198618225751016,2013.8,据战国野史记载：蒙古马能负重，大宛马善奔跑。某家恰养有大宛、蒙古二马，喂则同槽，卧则同厩。但是，相互踢咬，两败俱伤，主人不胜其恼。求之伯乐，伯乐瞥之，建议分槽喂养。主人从此轻松驾驭二马，家业遂兴。,Requirements,Participation(10%)Assignments:reportandteamwork(20%)ClassPerformance(10%)Finaltest(60%),Teachingplan,Week1:introductionpeoplearethemostimportantassetofanorganizationEarlyOBAdvocatesRobertOwenHugoMunsterbergMaryParkerFollettChesterBarnard,43,行为科学理论1949年，在美国芝加哥大学召开的由哲学、心理学、生物学、社会学和精神病学等专家参加的学术讨论会上，首次提出“行为科学”名称，1953年在福特基金会召开的科学会议上正式定名为“行为科学”，1953年，芝加哥大学成立了行为科学研究所。,44,梅约及霍桑试验：霍桑试验：它于1924年1932年在美国芝加哥的西方电气公司的霍桑工厂进行，梅约率领一个包括多个专业的专家组成的研究小组进行驻霍桑工厂，进行了各种因素对生产效率的影响程度。1）工厂照明试验（19241927年）2）继电器装配室试验（1927.81928.4）3）大规模的访问和调查（19281931年）4）接线板接线工作室试验（19311932年）,45,研究发现下述现象：a）自行限制质量；b）工人中存在着一些小派系（非正式组织）；c）霍桑效应（HawthorneEffect）：即对新环境的兴趣和好奇能提高员工的工作积极性。实验结论：1.改变工作条件和劳动效率之间没有直接因果关系；2.提高生产效率决定因素是员工情绪，非工作条件；3.关心员工情感和不满情绪，有助于提高劳动生产率。,46,历时八年的霍桑试验说明:生产效率不仅受到人们生理等的影响，更受到社会环境、社会心理等影响，它修正了泰罗的“科学管理”只重视物质因素，而忽视社会环境、社会心理的缺陷。由于受到额外的关注而引起绩效或努力上升的情况我们称之为“霍桑效应”。,47,霍桑效应启迪：从旁人的角度，善意谎言和夸奖可以造就一个人；从自我的角度，你认为自己是什么样人，你就能成为什么样人。,AseriesofproductivityexperimentsconductedatWesternElectricfrom1927to1932.ExperimentalfindingsProductivityunexpectedlyincreasedunderimposedadverse（不利）workingconditions.Theeffectofincentiveplans奖励计划waslessthanexpectedResearchconclusionSocialnorms,groupstandardsandattitudesmorestronglyinfluenceindividualoutputandworkbehaviorthandomonetaryincentives.,TheHawthorneStudies,TheSystemsApproach,SystemDefinedAsetofinterrelatedandinterdependentpartsarrangedinamannerthatproducesaunifiedwhole.BasicTypesofSystemsClosedsystemsArenotinfluencedbyanddonotinteractwiththeirenvironment(allsysteminputandoutputisinternal).OpensystemsDynamicallyinteracttotheirenvironmentsbytakingininputsandtransformingthemintooutputsthataredistributedintotheirenvironments.,TheContingencyApproach权变方法,ContingencyApproachDefinedAlsosometimescalledthesituationalapproach.Thereisnooneuniversallyapplicablesetofmanagementprinciples(rules)bywhichtomanageorganizations.Organizationsareindividuallydifferent,facedifferentsituations(contingencyvariables),andrequiredifferentwaysofmanaging.,Exhibit27PopularContingencyVariables,OrganizationsizeAssizeincreases,sodotheproblemsofcoordination.Routinenessoftasktechnology工作的例行性Routinetechnologiesrequireorganizationalstructures,leadershipstyles,andcontrolsystemsthatdifferfromthoserequiredbycustomizedornonroutinetechnologies.EnvironmentaluncertaintyWhatworksbestinastableandpredictableenvironmentmaybetotallyinappropriateinarapidlychangingandunpredictableenvironment.IndividualdifferencesIndividualsdifferintermsoftheirdesireforgrowth,autonomy,toleranceofambiguity,andexpectations.,CurrentTrendsandIssues,GlobalizationEthicsWorkforceDiversityEntrepreneurshipE-businessKnowledgeManagementLearningOrganizationsQualityManagement,CurrentTrendsandIssues(contd),GlobalizationManagementininternationalorganizationsPoliticalandculturalchallengesofoperatinginaglobalmarketWorkingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesCopingwithanticapitalistbacklashMovementofjobstocountrieswithlow-costlaborEthics(伦理)IncreasedemphasisonethicseducationincollegecurriculumsIncreasedcreationanduseofcodesofethics（道德标准）bybusinesses,CurrentTrendsandIssues(contd),WorkforceDiversityIncreasingheterogeneity异质性intheworkforceMoregender,minority,ethnic,andotherformsofdiversityinemployeesAgingworkforceOlderemployeeswhoworklongeranddonotretireTheincreasedcostsofpublicandprivatebenefitsforolderworkersAnincreasingdemandforproductsandservicesrelatedtoaging.,CurrentTrendsandIssues(contd),EntrepreneurshipDefined企业家精神Theprocessofstartingnewbusinesses,generallyinresponsetoopportunities.EntrepreneurshipprocessPursuitofopportunitiesInnovationinproducts,services,orbusinessmethodsDesireforcontinualgrowthoftheorganization,CurrentTrendsandIssues(contd),E-Business(ElectronicBusiness)TheworkpreformedbyanorganizationusingelectroniclinkagestoitskeyconstituenciesE-commerce:thesalesandmarketingaspectofane-businessCategoriesofE-BusinessesE-businessenhancedorganizationE-businessenabledorganizationTotale-businessorganization,TermstoKnow,managerfirst-linemanagersmiddlemanagerstopmanage