2020-2021学年高中英语 Module 4 Carnival Section Ⅲ Grammar 复习被动语态学案 外研版必修5

section grammar复习被动语态语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.today，carnival in venice is celebrated for five days in february.2.if they broke the laws，they were put into prison for up to two years.3.the party will be held in five days.4.two hundred trees have been planted since the man came here.1.句1用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为“am/is/are过去分词”。2.句2用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were过去分词”。3.句3用了一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为“will/shallbe过去分词”。4.句4用了现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为“have/hasbeen过去分词”。一、被动语态的基本时态变化1各种时态被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/are doneenglish is taught in most schools.一般过去时was/were donethe letter was typed on the computer.一般将来时shall/will be donethe problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are being donethe bridge is being built.过去进行时was/were being doneat that time the desk was being repaired.现在完成时have/has been donethe house has been built.过去完成时had been donethey said that their work had been finished.过去将来时would be donehe said the trees would be planted soon.2.被动语态的特殊形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词be过去分词something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2) “get过去分词”式被动语态 在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。some glasses got broken when we were moving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。即时训练1完成句子we are not allowed(不允许) to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.the book has been published(已经出版) and you can buy one in the local book store.tom always had the feeling that they were being watched(正在被监视)measures must be taken(一定要采取) to prevent the water from being polluted.the hall is being built(正在建造)i wonder whether it will be finished(将完成) at the end of the year.二、主动形式表示被动意义1当look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系动词时。the soup smells good but tastes terrible.这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。the theory proved to be correct.这个理论证明是正确的。2表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。this kind of book sells well.这种书很畅销。the shirt washes well.这衬衫很好洗。3表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。the shop closes at 6 pm.every day.商店每天下午6点关门。 即时训练2单句语法填空your reason sounds(sound) reasonable.my pen writes(write) quite smoothly.we must get there before the lecture begins(begin)三、使用被动语态应注意的问题1不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗尽)等。my money has run out.can you lend me some?我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？2在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，须带to。i often hear her sing english songs.she is often heard to sing english songs by me.我经常听见她唱英语歌。3带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。she often looks after the old man.the old man is often looked after by her.她经常照顾这位老人。4含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。her mother bought her a computer.she was bought a computer by her mother.a computer was bought for her by her mother.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。即时训练3单句改错a traffic accident was happened near our school last night.去掉wasgreat changes have been taken place in china in the past five years.去掉beena tall man was seen go into the room just now.go前加to.单句语法填空1tai chi is called (call) “shadow boxing” in english.2her mother was excited.“your father has at least decided to stop smoking，” jane was informed (inform)3the machine is equipped (equip) with securing cameras and alarms.4for thousands of years，the festival has been marked (mark) by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats in honour of qu yuan.5now college graduates are encouraged (encourage) to start their own business，which sounds really good for us.6he goes to a buddhist monk for advice and expects to be told (tell) how to live a more simple life.7a lot of attention is being paid (pay) to greenhouse gas emission.look at those posters for environmental protection.8an english talk about how to learn english well will be given (give) this saturday. would you like to listen to it?9i have bought two ball pens，but neither of them writes (write) well.10be careful not to get burnt (burn) by the sun.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1the meeting was lasted for nearly four hours and many people felt sleepy.去掉was2stop making noise.the news is broadcast at the moment.broadcast前加being3paul doesnt have to be made study.he always works hard.study前加to4the birthday cake was tasted delicious and she ate another piece.去掉was5it was the third time he had interrupted by the knocks at the errupted前加been6he appeared on the stage and was warmly applauding by the audience.applaudingapplauded7the dishes tasting so delicious cooked by my father.cooked前加were8tea in china was traditionally drank from cu