大学英语写作教程

Inthisunit,weregoingto:Learnaboutthebasicfeaturesofdescriptiveessaysaboutplaces;B)Readsampledescriptiveessaysaboutplacesandobservefeaturesofeffectivedescription;C)Practicewritingdescriptiveessaysaboutplaces;D)Practiceusingappropriatewordsandphrasestodescribespecificdetailsofaplace;E)Learntoimproverevisionskills.,Objectives,Objectives,Review,Warming-upactivities,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,MAIN,Video,Quotations,Part1-Task_Main,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Task1.1,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Introductions:TheMallofAmericaisthelargestretailandentertainmentcomplexintheUnitedStates.LocatedintheTwinCitiessuburbofBloomington,Minnesota,theMallofAmericaisasuper-regionalshoppingmallwithmorethan500specialtystores,50restaurants,7nightclubsand14movietheaters.ThefollowingvideoclipisfromDiscoveryChannelSeries,apopularTVprogramintheUnitedStates.,Warming-upactivities,Task1.2,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Watchthemovieclipandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.,Warming-upactivities,Task1.3,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Questions,WhatissouniqueabouttheMallofAmerica?Pleasegivesomedetails.2.WhatdoyouthinkisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheMallofAmerica?,Warming-upactivities,Task1.2_pop1,Narrator:TheMallofAmericafirstopenedinBloomington,Minnesotaoveradecadeago.LocatedjusttwomilesfromtheTwinCitiesairport,thisshoppingMeccahasbecomeoneofthemostvisiteddestinationsintheUnitedStates.Today,the650milliondollarsshoppingcentreboastsmorethan500storesandalmost900milliondollarsofannualsales.Withanaverageof35to40millionvisitorseveryyear,theMallofAmericaishometoabustlingmetropolis.“Actually,onanygivendayweretheSomaybewerenotasmallcity.Maybeweremoreofamedium-sizedcity.”“WewerecomparingittoNewYork,actuallybecausethatwasourfirsttrip.Andwecantdecidewhichoneisbetter.”TheMallofAmericaofferssomeofthefreshestproduce.AndtheAppleStoreisalwaysinseason.ShopperscanbrowseonlineorshimmyuptotheGeniusBarforsomehightechhelp.,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Task1.2_pop2,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Andifashopaholichasanoverdose,theMallofAmericasgotitcovered.Thatsright.TheQuelloMedicalClinicseespatientsdailyforcheckups,labworkandx-rays.Butifthatdoesntcureyouroverspendinghabits,thenitshightimeyoustudiedeconomics.Youcangetthatdiploma,earnyourdegreeandstudyinanyoneofthe17subjectareas.(Professor:“Anditsyourresponsestothoseeventsthatdictateyouroutcome.”)Youcantakeatime-outatCampSnoopy.Thismassiveindooramusementparkspecializesinthrillsandbuildingcharacter.Thekidscantakeatime-outatthefour-storeyImaginationCenter,homeoftheworldslargestanimatedandinteractiveLegoClockTower.Butcanyouimaginegettingmarriedatthemall?Thatsright.NestledinanalcovenexttoBloomingdales,theChapelofLoveisopenforbusiness.Thisisonestorethatdoesnttakekindlytoreturns.,Warming-upactivities,Littledropsofwater,littlegrainsofsand,makethemightyoceanandthepleasantland.JuliaCarneyIdontaskforthemeaningofthesongofabirdortherisingofthesunonamistymorning.Theretheyare,andtheyarebeautiful.PeteHamillSpringtimeisthelandawakening.TheMarchwindsarethemorningyawn.LewisGrizzard,Task2,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Part2-Task_Main,Writingstrategy:Descriptionofaplace,Readtolearnaboutwriting,Enlargeyourvocabulary,Preparingforyourwriting,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Task2_1.1,Writingstrategy:Descriptionofaplace,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_1.2,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Principles,Inthisunitwefocusondescriptivewritingaboutplaces.Whiledescribingplaces,youshouldpayattentiontothefollowingrules:,Knowyourpurpose.Focusonadominantidea.Thearrangementofthedetailsdependsonthesubjectandpurpose.Knowyouraudience.Theaudiencewilldeterminewhatkindofwritingstyleandapproachyoumustadopt.Baseyourdescriptiononobservation.,Preparingforyourwriting,Part2-Readtolearnaboutwriting-Main,SampleAPeaceHotel,Practice,SampleBHaydenLibrary,Questionsoncontentandstructure,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,SampleA,Descriptionsofplacescanbefoundintravelbrochures,touristmagazines,letters,etc.Thestyleyouuseusuallydependsonthesituationandtheintendedreader.Forexample,inamagazine,youcoulduseasemi-formalstyleandapolite,respectfultone.Younormallyusepresenttensestodescribeaplace.Youusepasttensestowriteabouthistoricalfacts.Readthepassagebelow,payattentiontotheorganizationofthedetailsinthethreeparts,andfigureoutthepurposeofthewriter.Whodoyouthinkhe/sheiswritingfor?,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_1,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,PeaceHotel,AShanghailandmarkfornearlyacentury,thePeaceHotelisknownasoneofthemostfamoushotelsinChina.ThehotelislocatedinprimedowntownShanghaisituatedatthedoorsteptotheBundShanghaismostfamouslandmark.ThestretchofroadoutsidethehoteliscalledNanjingRoad,whichisthebusiestpedestrianshoppingmallinShanghai.,1.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_2,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,TheHotel,formerlyknownastheCathayHotel,wasbuiltin1929andisstillsymbolizedasthemostluxurious“No.1MansionintheFarEast.”TheHoteliscomposedoftwoformerhotelsseparatedbyastreet.TheNorthandtheSouthBuildingswerebuiltin1929and1906.AfterthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChinain1949,theNorthBuildingreopenedin1956,andtheSouthBuildingin1965,bothoperatingunderthenameofthePeaceHotel.Sincerecentrenovation,alltheroomsandrestaurantsarefurnishedwithfirst-classfacilitiestoprovideguestswiththebestcomfortandconvenience.InthePeaceHotel,youmayeithersitforafragrantcoffeeintheJazzBar,enjoyingtheJazzmusic,popularinthe1930sand1940s,orenjoyacocktailandtheexcellentviewoftheBundandriverintheShanghaiNightBar.Afterrecentrenovation,guestsherewillenjoyafullrangeoffacilitiesthatincludeafullyequippedgymnasium,beautysaloon,massage,andbusinesscenter.,2.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_3,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Trulyafusionofclassicandmodern,EasternandWestern,thePeaceHotelisanidealplaceforwork,stay,leisure,entertainmentandshopping.,3.,Thepassageisobviouslywrittenforthehotelsprospectiveclients.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_1_pz,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Introducethenameandlocationofthehotel,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_2_pz,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Givethehistoricalfactsanddescribethefacilitiesandfunctionsofthehotel,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_3_pz,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Thereisclearlyanadvertisingtouchhere.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_2_pop,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Usage:“As”canbeaprepositionorconjunction.Hereinthissampleessay,itisaprepositionusedtodescribethepurposeorqualityofsomeoneorsth.e.g.Itcouldbeusedasevidenceagainsthim.Thenewscameasquiteashocktous.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_3_pop1,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Usage:“As”canbeaprepositionorconjunction.Hereinthissampleessay,itisaprepositionusedtodescribethepurposeorqualityofsb.orsth.e.g.Itcouldbeusedasevidenceagainsthim.Thenewscameasquiteashocktous.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleA_3_pop2,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Usage:“Since”canbeanadverborconjunction.Hereinthesampleessay,itisusedasaconjunctiontoindicatethetimeperiodbeginningfromaparticulartimeinthepastuntilalatertime,oruntilnow.e.g.EnglandhasnotwontheWorldCupinfootballsince1966.IvebeenverybusysinceIcamebackfromholiday.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_Ex,Practice,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Fillintheblankstoshowthatyouunderstandthestructuralelementsoftheessay.,Adescriptiveessayaboutaplaceorabuildingcanhavethreeparts:a)the,whereyougivetheandoftheplace;b)themaindescribingthemainaspectsoftheplaceindetail;c)theincludingyourand/ora.,introduction,_,name,_,location,_,body,_,conclusion,_,recommendation,_,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,SampleB,Inasubjectivedescriptionofaplace,thewritercanconveyfeelings.Aboutthesameplace,differentwritersmayhavedifferentfeelings.InawritingcourseatArizonaStateUniversity,USA,thestudentsarerequiredtoconstructtwodescriptionsofaplace.Readthetwosamplestudentessaysbelow,andyouwillseethatonedescriptionconveysafavorableimpressionoftheuniversitylibrary,whiletheotherdescriptionconveysanunfavorableimpression,makingthelibraryseemunpleasant.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_Main,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,SamplestudentessayA,SamplestudentessayB,Preparingforyourwriting,Iamwalkingdownalongandimpressiveflightofsilkysmoothconcretestairs.Icomeuptooneofthemanygranddoorswithashinybrasshandlethatshowstheageofthelibrarybybeingslightlyworn(用旧的).Ienterthemajestic(庄严的)HaydenLibraryandfindthatitisquitelarge.IfeelasifIamintheArizonaMillsmall(购物中心)whereeverythingiswithinmyreach.Theglisteningcolorsofthegraytilesandwhitewallscreateanopenandspaciousfeelingforthelibrary.Thedimyetsufficientlightingallowsfortherightamountofbrightnessforalltheactivitiesthataretakingplace.Inoticethehomelikecushy(舒适的),Task2_SampleB_1.1,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,1.,2.,HaydenLibrary,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_1.2,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,3.,leatherchairsandloveseatswithmatchingottomans(长椅),whichallowsmetofallintoatrance-likestate(出神),soIamfocusingonwhatIamdoingandnotwhatsurroundsme.Thereisanessenceofbeingastudious(好学的)studentbybeinginthelibrary.Thesubtlesoundsofthepeoplereadingandstudyingtothemselves,asiftheyarenotinthelibrary,butintheirownimaginaryworlds.Ilookaroundatallthepeoplereading,studying,gettinginformationfromreferences,workingoncomputers,andthemanyotheractivitiesthattheyaredoingwhichshowsmethatIaminaplaceofgreatknowledge.ThereisacertainintensitythatIgetfromthelibrarythatislikegoingtoafootballstadiumandwatchingthehometeamdominatethe,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_1.3,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,opposingteam.Allofthepeopleinthelibraryareextremelykind.Theclerksattheinformationdesksareanxioustohelpanyonewhoislookingforinformation.Thepeopletherearemostlystudents,andyetthereareseveralindividualsofallagesandbackgroundswho,forvariousreasonsaresimplyusingthelibraryresources.Thesepeopleareveryconsideratetoeachother,respectingeachothersprivacyandrespectingthepurposeofthelibraryasatoolforthosewhoneedit.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_HaydenLibrary,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,HaydenLibrary:HaydenLibraryiscentrallylocatedontheTempecampusofArizonaStateUniversity.ASUisapublicresearchuniversitycomprisingfourcampusesacrossthePhoenixMetropolitanArea.Thepartially-undergroundHaydenLibraryservesasthemainlibraryatASU.Inthephoto,theentranceisintheforeground,whichleadstothebuildinginthebackground.Acquisitionsaremadenotonlyaspurchases,butalsothroughthegenerosityofdonorsasgiftsandbequests(遗赠).,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_ArizonaMills,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,ArizonaMills:ArizonaMillsisanindooroutletmallinTempe,Arizona.ItopenedonNovember20,1997with6,000parkingspacesandapproximately200retailers.Despitethepresenceof“Mills”initsname,itisnotgeographicallyclosetooraffiliatedwithMillAvenue,ashoppingandentertainmentdistrictnearHaydenButtetothenorth.Thenamecomesfromthatofthepropertydeveloper,formerlyknownastheMillsCorporation.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_asif,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,asif/though:withtheappearanceof;apparently好像,似乎,仿佛e.g.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.IfeltasthoughIdbeenlyinginthesunforhours.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_fallintosth.,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,fallintosth.:tostartdoingsth.,oftenwithoutintendingto,ortograduallygetintoaparticularcondition,especiallytogetintoabadconditionasaresultofnotbeingtakencareofe.g.Overtheyearsthehousehadfallenintodisrepair.Shefellintoaconversationwithamanatthebar.WevefallenintothehabitofgettinguplateonSaturdaymornings.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_focus,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,focus(sth.)on/uponsb./sth.:togivealotofattentiontooneparticularperson,subjectorthing将（注意力等）集中于某事物e.g.WhenthekitchenisfinishedImgoingtofocusmyattentiononthegardenandgetthatsortedout.Tonightsprogramfocusesonthewaythathomelessnessaffectstheyoung.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_intensity,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,intensityn.stateorqualityofbeingintense强烈，剧烈，紧张e.g.Theexplosionwasofsuchintensitythatitwasheardfivemilesaway.Weneedtoworkwithgreaterintensityattheendoftheyear.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_dominate,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,dominatev.havecontroloforaverystronginfluenceon(people,events,etc.)支配，控制e.g.Herefusedtoletothersspeakanddominatesthedebate.Workasagroupnoonepersonisallowedtodominate.,Preparingforyourwriting,Iamwalkingdownanever-endingflightofbackbrakingconcretestairs.Icomeuptooneofthemanyoversizeddoorswithatarnishedbrasshandle,whichneedstobereplacedbecauseitisolderthandirt.IenterthearrogantHaydenLibraryandfindthatitisexcessivelylarge.IfeelasifIamlostinthehugeparkinggarageattheArizonaMillsmallandIwillneverfindmycar.Thedullcolorsofthedustygraytilesandstainedwhitewallscreatealonelyandgloomyfeelingofthelibrary.Thedisturbinglyfaintlightingproducesadarkatmosphere,whichhindersalltheactivitiesthataretakingplace.AsIcontinueforwardInoticetheunpleasantcombinationofanannoyingsmellofold,Task2_SampleB_3.1,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,1.,2.,HaydenLibrary,Preparingforyourwriting,newspapersandcleaningproducts.Theratty(破旧的)oldleatherchairsandloveseatswithmatchingottomansaresocomfortablethatIfocusonbeingcomfortableandnotonmywork.Youvecomeheretotryandgetsomeworkaccomplished,butyouprobablywouldhavebeenbetteroffcomingheretocatchuponsleep.Theirritatingsoundsofthepeopletalkingandsnoring,asiftheyarenotinthelibrary,butattheirhousesordormsbythemselves,makemefeelasifIshouldnthaveevenbotheredcomingtothelibraryatall.Ilookaroundatallthepeopletalking,slackingoff,sleeping,playingoncomputers,andthemanyotherdisruptionsthattheyaredoingwhichshowsmethatIamnotinalibrarythatistakenseriously.,Task2_SampleB_3.2,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Preparingforyourwriting,Thereisanaggravating(不断加剧的)intensitythatIgetfromthelibrarythatislikebeingatafootballstadiumandwatchingthehometeamgettingcrushed.Allofthepeopleinthelibraryareextremelyinconsiderate.Theclerksattheinformationdesksseemmoreconcernedwiththebookstheyarereadingratherthanifyouneedassistance.Therearemostlystudents,yetthereareseveralindividualsofallagesandbackgroundsandtheyareallmoreabsorbedbythecurrentgossipratherthantheirwork.Everyoneissocializingandsleeping,butnotworking.Thesepeopleareveryrudetoeachother,theydonotrespecteachothersprivacyanddonotrespectthepurposeofthelibraryasatoolforthosewhoneedit.,Task2_SampleB_3.3,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,3.,(Adaptedfromthewebsite:/clas/english/composition/cbw/wp2-),Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_2.1,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Questionsoncontentandstructure:,HowdoesthewriterusesensorydetailstodescribethelibraryinParagraph1ofSampleEssayA?,Byusingthesenseoftouch“Iamwalkingdownalongandimpressiveflightofsilkysmoothconcretestairs.”Andbyusingthesenseofsightasin“Icomeuptooneofthemanygranddoorswithashinybrasshandlethatshowstheageofthelibrarybybeingslightlyworn.”,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_2.2,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,2.HowdoesthewriterusesensorydetailstodescribethelibraryinParagraph2ofSampleEssayA?,Byusingthesenseofsight,touch,andhearing,asinthefollowingsentences:Theglisteningcolorsofthegraytilesandwhitewallscreateanopenandspaciousfeelingforthelibrary.Thedim,yetsufficientlightingallowsfortherightamountofbrightnessforalltheactivitiesthataretakingplace.(Senseofsight)(2)Inoticethehomelikecushy(舒适的)leatherchairsandloveseatswithmatchingottomans(长椅),Preparingforyourwriting,whichallowsmetofallintoatrance-likestate(出神),soIamfocusingonwhatIamdoingandnotwhatsurroundsme.(Senseoftouch)(3)Thesubtlesoundsofthepeoplereadingandstudyingtothemselves,asiftheyarenotinthelibrary,butintheirownimaginaryworlds.(Senseofhearing)(4)Ilookaroundatallthepeoplereading,studying,gettinginformationfromreferences,workingoncomputers,andthemanyotheractivitiesthattheyaredoingwhichshowsmethatIaminaplaceofgreatknowledge.(Senseofsight),Task2_SampleB_2.3,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_2.4,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,3.HowdoesthewritermakegooduseoffigurativelanguageinSampleEssayA?,Byusingthedeviceofsimile“ThereisacertainintensitythatIgetfromthelibrarythatislikegoingtoafootballstadiumandwatchingthehometeamdominatetheopposingteam.”,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_SampleB_2.5,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,4.FindthewordsorphrasesusedinSampleEssayAthatrevealsthewritersperspective.,Theauthordescribesthelibraryinapositiveperspectivebyusingpositivewordsandphrasesasfollows:impressive,silkysmooth,grand,sufficient,homelikecushy,subtle,extremelykind,considerate,etc.,Preparingforyourwriting,Task2_QuestionsonContentandStructure1,Writingandrevising,Additionalreading,Warming-upactivities,5.Howdoesthewriterus