2021版高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 2 Robots练习 新人教版选修7

unit 2robots.阅读a(2019江苏七市高三第二次调研考试)australian magpies can understand what other birds are saying to each other,a new study has found.the research,published in the journal animal behavior,says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and essentially eavesdrops (偷听) to find out which predators(食肉动物) are near.noisy minersa small,native honeyeaterhave different warning calls for ground-based and aerial(飞行的)predators.by playing both kinds of recording to a series of wild magpies,researchers observed the magpies raising their beaks(喙) to the sky,or dropping their heads to the ground.researchers attracted the magpies with cheese,then played the noisy miner calls,videotaping the results.as a control,they also rolled a large orange ball towards the magpies to see how they ordinarily tilted(倾斜) their beaks to ground threats,and threw the ball to see how they reacted to aerial threats.the researchers recorded an average maximum beak angle of 29 degrees for the thrown ball,and an average maximum of 9 degrees when it was rolled.the miners aerial warning caused an average maximum beak angle of 31 degrees,and the ground warning caused an average maximum of 24 degrees.one of the studys authors,dominique potvin,said the magpies showed an astonishing level of insight.magpies and miners broadly face the same types of predators and the two frequently live in the same ecosystem.potvin said this had encouraged the magpies learned behavior.“magpies are generally found on the ground and noisy miners are generally found up in trees.it pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”she said it was unclear whether other birds could do the same,but it was highly likely other magpies around australia already did.“magpies are a pretty smart group.were not sure if theyre learning this from other magpies or if theyre figuring it out on their own,but the ability is there.”as part of the experiment,researchers also played a third call:a common,non-warning call from a crimson rosella.they found the magpies did not respond.potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition(认知) research.“its a good piece of the puzzle,” potvin said.“looking at the social relationships between species that live in communities.”1.what have the researchers found about australian magpies?a.they can understand other bird calls.b.they can communicate with noisy miners.c.they have a special preference for cheeses.d.they have the ability to warn the predators.2.how did the researchers get their findings?a.by calculating the beak angles of aerial and ground-based predators.b.by comparing the magpies responses to threats with the miners.c.by monitoring the magpies responses to the miners warning calls.d.by recording the magpies louder scream for other birds attention.3.the magpies cognition can help them .a.have a better view of the predators than the minersb.better protect themselves from the potential threatsc.cooperate with other birds to drive away the predatorsd.live in harmony with other birds in the same ecosystem4.we can learn from the passage that .a.the magpies are smart learners of other birds behaviourb.its likely that other birds have developed the same abilityc.the findings have clarified the relationships between speciesd.a lot more remains to be explored about animal cognition语篇解读:本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了关于喜鹊的最新研究发现,包括实验内容和实验的发现。答案及剖析:1.a细节理解题。根据第二段中的says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and.可知,喜鹊可以理解其他鸟类的叫声。故a选项正确。2.c细节理解题。根据第三、四、五、六、七段,研究人员通过定量研究,先研究喜鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的,再与掘穴鸟有叫声时候的反应进行监控、对比,获得了发现结果。故c选项正确。3.b细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“magpies are generally found on the ground.”,因为一般喜鹊会在地上,掘穴鸟在树上,掘穴鸟有更好的视线发现捕食者,喜鹊的认知能力可以帮助喜鹊提防它们的捕食者,使得喜鹊可以更好地保护自己。predator 与threat同义替换,这个对考生的词汇量还是要求非常高的。故b选项正确。4.d细节理解题。a选项说喜鹊在学习其他鸟类的行为上比其他鸟类更聪明,文中未提及,排除;b项说其他鸟类可能也进化出了同样的能力,文章倒数第四段说还不清楚其他鸟类怎么样,排除;c项说研究已经完全搞明白了物种间的关系,可是文章最后说的是我们正在积极探索,可知还没有完全弄明白,排除。根据最后一段的potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition(认知) research.可知关于动物认知,还有很多有待探索。故d选项正确。b(21世纪报第8期)on us tv shows,you may sometimes see rubber balls on peoples desks.these balls are known as “stress relief balls”.people can squeeze them when they feel stressed out.its believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing,they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.“we dont all get the big,sunny corner office,the super ergonomic (人体工程学的) chair,or four weeks of vacation at work.a focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day,”wrote joseph shrand,a professor at harvard university,in his book manage your stress.indeed,stress is a big problem for many people.fortunately,we have many ways to deal with it.in fact,the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the us are believed to date back to ancient china.back in the han dynasty (bc 202ad 220),soldiers used walnuts (核桃) to get rid of stress.by squeezing them during moments of anxiety,soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle.and in the ming dynasty (ad 13681644),people started rotating (转动) the walnuts in their hands.ordinary citizensnot just soldiersdeveloped the habit of rolling two walnuts,or balls made from iron or stone,around in their hands.this helped them relax as well.and today,we have many gadgets (器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls.one example is the popular fidget spinner (指尖陀螺),which keeps your hand busy with an easy taskspinning the gadget around. theres also the fidget cube,which features different “gimmicks” (机关) on each side of the cube.you can click,spin,pull,push and rotate different parts of the cube.these gadgets may look like simple toys,but perhaps we should take them more seriously than they are given credit for.“after all, the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping (应对),” reporter nadia berenstein wrote for woolly magazine.5.what did shrand suggest people do to relieve stress?a.move to a big,sunny office.b.get a comfortable chair.c.take a long vacation.d.concentrate on a simple activity.6.where did the idea for stress relief balls originally come from?a.toys designed for american tv shows.b.walnuts used by chinese soldiers before battle.c.stone balls from ancient china.d.gadgets invented in the ming dynasty.7.the author wrote the article mainly to .a.introduce stress relief toysb.prove that stress is a big problemc.tell the history of stress relief ballsd.offer advice on dealing with stress语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些缓解压力的小设备。答案及剖析:5.d细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“a focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day”可知,d项符合题意。6.b细节理解题。根据第四段可知,这种解压橡胶球的历史可以追溯到汉朝时期,士兵常在战前用手挤压核桃以释放压力,故b项符合题意。7.a主旨大意题。纵观全文,本文主要介绍了一些解压神器,故a项符合题意。.语法填空(2019山东实验中学质量检测)the national college entrance exam in russia,unified state exam,will include chinese as 1. elective foreign language starting from 2019.chinese will become the fifth elective test item for the unified state exam 2. (follow)english,german,french and spanish.the number of chinese learners in russia 3. (grow)quickly in the past decade,according to a survey 4. (conduct)by a linguistic research center in russia.approaches to learning chinese vary from person to person,5. more and more people choosing university courses in russia.the three-hour-long chinese test will quiz students on 6. (they)listening,reading,and writing abilities and a fourth section will examine students on grammar,vocabulary and chinese 7. (character).some parts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native chinese speakers.according to the office of chinese language council international,some 100 million people,excluding native speakers,use chinese 8. (global).the united nations (un)in