2021版高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 4 Sharing练习 新人教版选修7

unit 4sharing.阅读a(第14期)do you have good friends?do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you?it turns out that this isnt just an expression.a study by yale university and the university of california,san diego,has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do,the guardian reported.researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers.they found that friends have 1 percent of genes that match.“one percent may not sound like much to the layperson (外行),but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a significant number,” professor nicholas christakis of yale university told discovery news.in fact,this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins,those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you.so is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes?not at all.in fact,it is evolution that brings you together.people who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes,researchers said.in ancient times,it was critical that people who were alike stayed together.for example,people who had a similar susceptibility (易感性) to the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire,giving them a better chance to survive.researchers also found that among all the genes studied,those affecting sense of smell were the most similar in friends.this is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments.for example,people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and are therefore more likely to meet and become friends with each other.based on their findings,the team has developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”.it calculates how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.so,here is a question for you:would you like to take this test and know in advance who your friends are going to be,or would you still prefer to figure it out by yourself and let time be the judge?1.what is the authors main purpose in writing the article?a.to explain why friends share skills and interests.b.to report on recent findings about making friends.c.to analyze what influences the way people make friends.d.to explain an interesting test called the “friendship score”.2.according to the researchers of the study,people .a.form friendship by complete coincidenceb.are genetically similar to their friends,compared to strangersc.make friends with those who share nearly 10 percent of their genesd.may share more similar genes with their friends than with their fourth cousins3.with the examples of ancient people developing the ability to speak and helping each other build a fire,the author intends to .a.show how ancient people helped each other surviveb.explain that similar interests are what lead to friendshipc.show that it is evolution that brings friends togetherd.tell us why it was easier for ancient people to find friends4.according to the article,people with similar genes that affect their sense of smell .a.like to hang out at cafes more oftenb.are easily attracted to the smell of their friendsc.are more likely to be attracted to a similar environmentd.can identify people in a crowd who can become friends语篇解读:本文是一篇研究性报告,研究结果表明朋友之间有相似的基因。答案及剖析:1.b写作意图题。研究性报告的写作目的是告知读者一项研究结果,故b项符合题意。2.b细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“a study.has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do.”可知,b项符合题意。3.c细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“in fact,it is evolution that brings you together”以及第六段最后一句可知,c项符合题意。4.c细节理解题。根据第七段第二句“this is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments”可知,c项符合题意。b(2019山东安丘、诸城、五莲县、兰山区高三模拟)who can think of the race between the tortoise and the rabbit when it comes to the greatest races?sure,that race only took place in ancient aesops mind,but while the great modern races can teach us a lot about commitment,perseverance (毅力) and the virtues of having a rather large engine,“the tortoise and the rabbit” may tell us everything about animals and even vehicles on this planet.in a study published this week,adrian bejan,a professor of mechanical engineering,concludes that no one should be surprised that the tortoise wins over the seemingly speedier rabbit.in fact,after analyzing the reported speeds of land-air-and-water-based animals,bejan concludes that the worlds well-known speedsters are actually among the slowest when their movements are averaged out over the course of a lifetime.the study builds on bejans previous research showing that an animals speed increases with mass regardless of species.and that principle can also be extended to non-living things,like aircraft.after studying data from historical airplane models,bejan noted the speed of each model increased with its size,too.that doesnt sound right.what about the modern jet fighter?how is that relatively small craft not faster than a clumsy large transport plane?again,bejan harks back to the tortoise.that transport plane spends lots of time in the air,moving regularly across long distances.the fighter jet,on the other hand,may fly across the sky occasionally,butlike the rabbitits often found resting on the ground.the slow and steady transport plane wins the marathon of life.but like so many good stories,aesops tale offers even more than a lesson in perseverance.at one point,the rabbit asks the tortoise how he expects to win a race at such a slow pace.the tortoiseever focuseddoesnt respond.but its the rabbits own words that provide the moment to reflect on,especially in modern times.“there is plenty of time to relax,” until there isnt.5.why is the story “the tortoise and the rabbit” mentioned?a.to warn people not to be proud.b.to introduce a unique phenomenon.c.to help put forward the authors idea.d.to show the importance of perseverance.6.what has bejan proved in his research?a.airplanes improve in speed.b.speed has nothing to do with size.c.speed matters most in the animal world.d.animals speed and mass go hand in hand.7.what lesson does the author want to teach us?a.we shouldnt look down on others.b.we should put our time to good use.c.staying focused during races is important.d.people should often reflect on themselves.8.what is the main idea of the passage?a.life is just like a race.b.nearly all races are the same.c.quickness is not an advantage in a race.d.the slow but steady are always winners.语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现在比赛中获胜的往往是慢但是稳定坚持的选手,并从科学的角度分析了龟兔赛跑中乌龟胜利的必然性。答案及剖析:5.c推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“the tortoise and the rabbit” may tell us everything about animals and even vehicles on this planet.与第二段内容可知,作者提出龟兔赛跑的故事是为了引出文章话题慢但是坚持不懈的选手往往会获得成功。故选c。6.d细节理解题。根据第三段第一句the study builds on bejans previous research showing that an animals speed increases with mass regardless of species.可知bejan研究表明动物的块头越大速度越快。且第四段中bejan noted the speed of each model increased with its size,too.可以推断mass意为“团;块”,指大小,故选d。7.b推理判断题。根据文章倒数第一段 “there is plenty of time to relax,” until there isnt.可知兔子以为有很多的时间可以休息因此松懈,直到自己错过了最佳时机,故可推测作者想让大家学到的教训是要充分利用时间才能在竞技场中获胜,故选b。8.d主旨大意题。根据倒数第五段the slow and steady transport plane wins the marathon of life.与文章通过讲述龟兔赛跑的故事引出话题:研究表明在比赛中慢但是稳定前进的一方往往会获得胜利,故选d。.语法填空(2019江西南昌第二中学高三模拟)“mirror,mirror,which clothes suit me best?” now,there is a magic mirror in the shopping center 1. can answer the question.a shopping center in england 2. (sell) a magic dressing mirror.you neednt enter a fitting room and put the clothes on by yourself.all you need to do is to stand in front of the mirror.the magic mirror can tell you 3. or not the clothing you have chosen suits you.3d technology 4. (use) for the magic mirror for you to choose and try on all kinds of clothes from different stores.when you stand in front of the mirror,with the 5. (assist) of the technology,you can make its own judgement of your body type.then you can see 6. (you) wearing the dress you have chosen in the mirror.its very convenient for you to find the most 7. (suit) dress.you do not have to spend a lot of time 8. (walk) around in different stores.9. do you need to shut yourself into a small dressing room.“the mirror has worked much better with womens clothing than 10. (expect),so we are now developing the software for mens and kids clothing,” said the marketing manager of the shopping center.语篇解读:本文介绍了英格兰一家购物中心的魔镜,人们不用再亲自试穿衣服,只要站在“魔镜”前,说“魔镜魔镜哪款衣服最适合我?”,镜子就会根据人的身材、需求等选择出合适的衣服。这种魔镜实际是运用了3d技术,目前魔镜在女士服装方面已经发挥了重要作用。答案及剖析:1.that/which考查定语从句。先行词为a magic mirror,定语从句中缺少主语,故填that/which。2.is selling考查时态。根据语境可知此处描述一种正在进行的状态,故填is selling。3.whether考查固定搭配。whether.or not “是或者不是”,故答案为whether。4.is used考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句子主语3d technology和use之间是被动语态,结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为is used。5.assistance考查固定搭配。with the assistance of.“在的帮助下”,故答案为assistance。6.yourself考查反身代词。句意:然后在镜子里你可以看到你穿着自己选择的衣服。此处是反身代词作宾语,故答案为yourself。7.suitable考查词性转换。根据“the most”提示可知,用suit的形容词形式作定语。故答案为suitable。8.walking考查固定短语。“spend time doing sth.”为固定短语,表示“花费时间做”。故答案为